\r枳壳\pd330.bmp\r
味苦、酸，微寒，无毒。主风痒麻痹，通利关节，劳气咳嗽，背膊闷倦，散
留结胸膈痰滞，逐水，消胀满，大肠风，安胃，止风痛。生商州川谷。九月、十月采，阴干。
用当去瓤核乃佳。此与枳实主疗稍别，故特出此条。（今附）臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶
枳壳，使，味苦、辛。治遍身风疹，肌中如麻豆恶痒，主肠风痔疾，心腹结气，两胁胀虚，
关膈拥
塞。根，浸酒煎含，治齿痛，消痰，有气加而用之。日华子云∶健脾开胃，调五脏，下气，
止呕逆，消痰，治反胃，霍乱，泻痢，消食，破症结 癖，五膈气，除风，明目及肺气水肿，
利大小肠，皮肤痒，痔肿可炙熨，入药浸软，锉，炒令熟。
图经文具枳实条下。
陈藏器云∶根皮主野鸡病。末服方寸匕。《本经》采实用，九月、十月，不如七月、八
月，既浓且辛。书曰∶江南为桔，江北为枳。今江南俱有枳、桔，江北有枳无桔。此自别种，
非干变易也。雷公云∶凡使，勿使枳实，缘性效不同。若使枳壳，取辛苦腥并有 油，能消
一切 ，要尘久年深者为上。用时先去瓤，以麸炒过，待麸焦黑遂出，用布拭上焦黑，遂出，
用布拭上焦黑，然后单捣如粉用。千金方∶主口僻眼急风。枳茹刮取上青为末，欲至瓤上者
得茹五升，微火灼，去湿气。以酒三升，渍，微火暖令得药味，遂性饮之。肘后方∶治中风
身直，不得屈伸反复者。刮枳树皮一升，酒三升，渍一宿，服五合至一升，酒尽再作，良。
食医心镜∶治水气皮肤痒及明目。枳壳一两，杵末，如茶法煎呷之。经验后方∶治风疹痒不
止。以枳壳三两，麸炒微黄，去瓤为末。每服二钱，非时水一中盏，煎至六分，去滓服。梅
师方∶治一切疹。以水煮枳壳为煎涂之，干即又涂之。博济方∶治远年日近肠风下血不止。
枳壳烧成黑灰存性，羊胫炭为末，枳壳末五钱，炭末三钱，和匀。用浓米饮一中盏调下，空
心服，五更初一服。如人行五里，再服。当日见效。必效方∶熨痔。痔头出，或痛不可忍。
枳壳于 灰中煨热微熨，尽七枚立定。发即熨之。杜壬方∶瘦胎散∶昔胡阳公主难产，方士
进枳壳四两，甘草二两，为末。每服空心大钱匕，如茶点服。自五月后一日一服，至临月不
唯易产，仍无胎中恶病。忌登高厕。
衍义曰∶枳壳，文具枳实条下。
味苦、酸，性微寒，无毒。主治风邪引起的皮肤瘙痒和肢体麻木，疏通关节，治疗因劳损导致的咳嗽，缓解背部和肩胛部的闷胀疲倦感，消散胸膈间停滞的痰饮结聚，驱逐水湿，消除腹胀满，治疗大肠风疾，安定胃气，止风痛。产于商州的川谷地区。九月、十月采收，阴干。使用时应当去除瓤和核才更好。这与枳实的主治功效略有不同，所以特别列出这一条。（今附）臣禹锡等人谨慎按《药性论》记载说：枳壳，作为使药，味苦、辛。治疗全身风疹，肌肤中像麻豆一样恶痒，主治肠风痔疾，心腹气结，两胁胀满虚软，关膈壅塞。根部，浸泡酒中煎煮含服，治疗牙痛，消痰，有气滞症状时加入使用。日华子说：健脾开胃，调和五脏，下气，止呕逆，消痰，治疗反胃，霍乱，泻痢，消食，破除症结癖块，五膈气，祛风，明目以及肺气水肿，利大小肠，治疗皮肤瘙痒，痔疮肿胀可用灸法熨贴，入药需浸软，锉碎，炒熟。图经的内容在枳实条目下详述。陈藏器说：根皮主治野鸡病（一种皮肤病）。研末服用一方寸匕。《本经》认为采实用时，九月、十月不如七月、八月，因为此时药性浓厚且辛辣。书上说：江南称为桔，江北称为枳。现在江南都有枳、桔，江北只有枳没有桔。这是不同的品种，并非由变化转化而来。雷公说：凡是用枳壳，不要用枳实，因为性质功效不同。如果用枳壳，要选取辛苦腥并带有油分的，以年代久远的为上品。用时先去掉瓤，用麦麸炒过，待麦麸焦黑后取出，用布擦去表面的焦黑，然后单独捣成粉使用。《千金方》：主治口眼歪斜、眼睑紧急的风证。刮取枳壳上层的青色部分为末，接近瓤的部分得到枳茹五升，用微火烘烤，去除湿气。用酒三升浸泡，微火加热使其具有药味，随即趁热饮用。《肘后方》：治疗中风身体挺直，不能屈伸反复的情况。刮取枳树皮一升，酒三升，浸泡一夜，服用五合至一升，酒喝完再制作，效果良好。《食医心镜》：治疗水气引起的皮肤瘙痒及明目。枳壳一两，捣成末，像煎茶那样煎煮饮用。《经验后方》：治疗风疹瘙痒不止。用枳壳三两，麦麸炒至微黄，去瓤为末。每次服用二钱，非定时饮水一中盏，煎至六分，去渣服用。《梅师方》：治疗一切疹疮。用水煮枳壳制成煎剂涂抹患处，干了就再涂。《博济方》：治疗多年或近期的肠风下血不止。将枳壳烧成黑灰存性，与羊胫炭研末混合，枳壳末五钱，炭末三钱，搅拌均匀。用浓米汤一中盏调下，空腹服用，五更初服一次。如果人行走五里路，再服一次。当天见效。《必效方》：熨治痔疮。痔头突出，或疼痛难忍。将枳壳在灰烬中煨热微熨，用完七枚即可停止。发作时就熨烫。杜壬方：瘦胎散：从前胡阳公主难产，方士进献枳壳四两，甘草二两，研为末。每次空腹用大钱匕量服用，像点茶一样服用。从五月后开始每天服用一次，直到临产前不仅容易生产，而且没有胎中恶病。忌登高厕。
Zhiqiao (Aurantii Fructus)
Bitter, sour, slightly cold, non-toxic. It primarily treats wind-induced pruritus and numbness, unblocks joints, treats cough due to overexertion, relieves stuffiness and fatigue in the back and shoulders, dissipates phlegm stagnation and nodules in the chest and diaphragm, drives out water retention, reduces distension and fullness, treats intestinal wind, calms the stomach, and stops wind pain. It grows in the river valleys of Shangzhou. Harvested in September and October, dried in the shade. For use, it is best to remove the albedo and seeds. Its therapeutic effects are slightly different from Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange), so this entry is listed separately. (Added later) Minister Yuxi et al. carefully note according to *Yaoxing Lun* (Treatise on the Properties of Medicinals): Zhiqiao, when used as an envoy herb, has a bitter and pungent taste. It treats generalized urticaria, severe itching in the skin like麻豆 (hemp seeds and beans), primarily treats intestinal wind and hemorrhoids, qi stagnation in the heart and abdomen, distension and emptiness in both hypochondria, obstruction at the Guan-Ge junction. The root, soaked in wine and decocted for holding in the mouth, treats toothache and resolves phlegm; add it when there is qi stagnation. Rihua Zi says: It strengthens the spleen and opens the appetite, harmonizes the five zang organs, directs qi downward, stops vomiting and counterflow, resolves phlegm, treats regurgitation, cholera-like disorder, diarrhea and dysentery, aids digestion, breaks up masses and accumulations, treats five types of diaphragmatic qi disorders, dispels wind, brightens the eyes, and treats lung qi edema. It promotes urination and defecation, treats skin itching, and hemorrhoid swelling can be treated with moxibustion and hot compresses. For medicinal use, soak until soft, chop, and stir-fry until cooked. The content of *Tujing* (Illustrated Records) is detailed under the Zhishi entry. Chen Cangqi says: The root bark primarily treats "wild chicken disease" (a type of skin disease). Take one cun cube of powder orally. *Benjing* (Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica) states that for practical use, harvesting in September and October is inferior to July and August, as the latter is richer and more pungent. Books say: In Jiangnan it is called Jie (Kumquat/Orange), in Jiangbei it is called Zhi (Bitter Orange). Now, both Zhi and Jie exist in Jiangnan, while only Zhi exists in Jiangbei without Jie. These are distinct species, not resulting from transformation. Lei Gong says: When using Zhiqiao, do not use Zhishi, because their properties and effects differ. If using Zhiqiao, select those that are bitter, pungent, fishy, and oily, with older specimens being superior. Before use, remove the albedo, stir-fry with bran, remove when the bran turns dark black, wipe off the surface char with cloth, then pound alone into powder. *Qianjin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold): Treats facial paralysis and eye tightness due to wind. Scrape the green outer layer of Zhiqiao into powder. Obtain five sheng of Zhiru (the pulp near the albedo), roast over low fire to remove moisture. Soak in three sheng of wine, warm over low fire to extract the flavor, and drink immediately. *Zhoubu Houfang* (Emergency Prescriptions Kept Up My Sleeve): Treats stroke where the body is straight and cannot bend or extend repeatedly. Scrape one sheng of Zhi tree bark, soak in three sheng of wine overnight, take five he to one sheng. Make again when the wine is finished; effective. *Shiyi Xinjing* (Mirror of the Food Doctor): Treats water qi causing skin itching and brightens the eyes. One liang of Zhiqiao, pounded into powder, decocted and sipped like tea. *Jingyan Houfang* (Later Experience Prescriptions): Treats persistent itching from wind rash. Three liang of Zhiqiao, stir-fried with bran until slightly yellow, remove albedo and make into powder. Take two qian each time, decoct with one zhong cup of water at any time until reduced to six fen, strain and take. *Meishi Fang*: Treats all rashes. Boil Zhiqiao in water to make a decoction for topical application; reapply when dry. *Boji Fang*: Treats chronic or recent intestinal wind with continuous bleeding. Char Zhiqiao to ash retaining its nature, mix with powdered sheep tibia charcoal. Five qian of Zhiqiao powder, three qian of charcoal powder, mix evenly. Take mixed with one zhong cup of thick rice drink on an empty stomach, first dose at wugeng (3-5 AM). If the patient walks five li, take another dose. Effective on the same day. *Bixiao Fang*: Hot compress for hemorrhoids. When hemorrhoids protrude or pain is unbearable. Roast Zhiqiao in ashes until warm and apply as a hot compress. Seven pieces applied completely will stop it. Apply upon recurrence. Du Ren's Formula: Shoutai San (Fetus-Thinning Powder): Previously, Princess Huyang had difficult labor. A physician offered four liang of Zhiqiao and two liang of Gancao (Licorice Root), pounded into powder. Take a large coin-bowlful on an empty stomach, taken like tea infusion. From the fifth month onwards, take once daily. Until the time of delivery, not only is childbirth easier, but also no fetal evil diseases occur. Avoid climbing high toilets.
*Yanyi* (Supplementary Meaning) says: Zhiqiao, see details under the Zhishi entry.