\r款冬花一\pd188.bmp\r
\r款冬花二\pd189.bmp\r
味辛、甘，温，无毒。主咳逆上气，善喘，喉痹，诸惊痫，寒热邪气，消渴，喘息
呼吸。一名橐吾，一名颗东，一名虎须，一名菟奚，一名氐冬。生常山山谷及上党水旁。十
一月采花，阴干。（杏仁为之使，得紫菀良，恶皂荚、硝石、玄参，畏贝母、辛夷、麻黄、
黄、黄芩、黄连、青葙。）
陶隐居云∶第一出河北，其形如宿 未舒者佳，其腹里有丝。次出高丽百济，其花乃似
大菊
花。次亦出蜀北部宕昌，而并不如。其冬月在冰下生，十二月、正月旦取之。唐本注云∶今
出雍州南山溪水及华州山谷涧间。叶似葵而大，丛生，花出根下。臣禹锡等谨按尔雅云∶
菟
奚，颗冻。释曰∶药草也。郭云∶款冻也，紫赤，华生水中。药性论云∶款冬花，君。主疗
肺气心促急，热乏劳咳，连连不绝，涕唾稠粘，治肺 肺痈，吐脓。日华子云∶润心肺，益
五脏，除烦，补劳劣，消痰止嗽，肺 吐血，心虚惊悸，洗肝明目及中风等疾。十一、十二
月雪中出花。
图经曰∶款冬花，出常山山谷及上党水旁。今关中亦有之。根紫色，茎青紫，叶似萆 。
十
二
月开黄花，青紫萼，去土一、二寸，初出如菊花萼，通直而肥实无子。则陶隐居所谓出高丽
百济者，近此类也。又有红花者，叶如荷而斗直，大者容一升，小者容数合，俗呼为蜂斗叶
，又名水斗叶。则唐注所谓大如葵而丛生者，是也。十一月采花，阴干。或云花生于冰下，
正月旦采之。郭璞注《尔雅》颗冻云∶紫赤，花生水中。冰、水字近，疑一有误。而傅咸《
款冬赋序》曰∶余曾逐禽，登于北山，于时仲冬之月也，冰凌盈谷，积雪被崖，顾见款冬炜
然
，始敷华艳，当是生于冰下为正也。《本经》主咳逆，古今方用之，为治嗽之最。崔知悌疗
久嗽熏法；每旦取款冬花如鸡子许，少蜜拌花使润，纳一升铁铛中，又用一瓦碗钻一孔，孔
内安一小竹筒，笔管亦得，其筒稍长，作碗铛相合，及插筒处皆面 之，勿令漏气。铛下着
炭
，少时，款冬烟自从筒出，则口含筒吸取烟咽之。如胸中少闷，须举头，即将指头捻筒头，
勿使漏烟气，吸烟使尽止。凡如是，五日一为之。待至六日则饱食羊肉 一顿，永瘥。
雷公云∶凡采得，须去向里裹花蕊壳，并向里实如粟零壳者。并枝、叶用。以甘草水浸
一宿
，却取款冬花、叶相伴 一夜，临用时即干晒，去两件拌者叶了用。
衍义曰∶款冬花，百草中，唯此罔顾冰雪最先春也。世又谓之钻冻。虽在冰雪之下，至
时亦
生芽。春时，人或采以代蔬，入药须微见花者良。如已芬芳，则都无力也。今人又多使如箸
头者，恐未有花尔。有人病嗽多日，或教以然款冬花三、两枚，于无风处，以笔管吸其烟，
满口则咽之，数日效。
款冬花（一种药材）一 [图片：pd188.bmp]
款冬花（一种药材）二 [图片：pd189.bmp]
味辛、甘，性温，无毒。主要治疗咳嗽气逆，善于缓解气喘，喉痹（咽喉肿痛闭塞），各种惊痫（因惊恐引发的癫痫类病症），寒热邪气，消渴（口渴多饮的症状），以及喘息呼吸急促。又名橐吾，又名颗东，又名虎须，又名菟奚，又名氐冬。生长在常山山谷及上党地区的水边。十一月采集花朵，阴干。（杏仁作为其引经药/辅助药，与紫菀配伍效果良好，厌恶皂荚、硝石、玄参，畏惧贝母、辛夷、麻黄、黄芪、黄芩、黄连、青葙子。）
陶隐居说：最好的产自河北，形状像未舒展的花苞为佳，其花腹里有丝状物。其次产自高丽、百济，其花像大菊花。再次也产自蜀地北部的宕昌，但都不如前两者好。它在冬季在冰下生长，十二月、正月初一采收。《唐本草》注解说：现在出产于雍州南山溪水及华州山谷涧间。叶子像葵菜但较大，丛生，花从根下长出。臣禹锡等人谨按《尔雅》记载：菟奚，即颗冻。解释为：这是一种药草。郭璞说：款冬，紫色或赤色，花生长在水中。《药性论》说：款冬花，作为君药。主治肺气心促急，热乏劳咳，连连不绝，涕唾稠粘，治疗肺痈，吐脓。日华子说：滋润心肺，补益五脏，消除烦闷，补益虚损劳劣，消除痰液止住咳嗽，治疗肺痈吐血，心虚惊悸，清洗肝脏明目以及中风等疾病。十一月、十二月雪中开花。
《图经》说：款冬花，出产于常山山谷及上党水边。现在关中也有。根紫色，茎青紫色，叶子像萆薢。十二月开黄花，青紫色的花萼，去除泥土一、二寸，初出时像菊花的花萼，通直且肥实无籽。那么陶隐居所说的出产于高丽、百济的，接近这类。又有红花的，叶子像荷叶而直立，大的能容纳一升，小的能容纳几合，俗称为蜂斗叶，又名水斗叶。这就是唐注所说的大如葵菜而丛生的，就是这种。十一月采集花朵，阴干。有人说花生长在冰下，正月初一采收。郭璞注释《尔雅》中的颗冻说：紫色赤色，花生长在水中。“冰”、“水”字形相近，怀疑其中有一个字有误。而傅咸《款冬赋序》说：我曾经追逐禽兽，登上北山，当时是仲冬之月，冰凌充满山谷，积雪覆盖山崖，回头看见款冬鲜艳，开始绽放华丽色彩，应当是生于冰下才是正确的。《本经》主治咳嗽气逆，古今方剂中使用它，是治疗咳嗽的最佳药物。崔知悌治疗久咳的熏法：每天早晨取鸡蛋大小的款冬花，少许蜂蜜拌花使其湿润，放入一个一升容量的铁铛中，又用一个瓦碗钻一个孔，孔内安放一个小竹筒，用笔管也可以，那筒稍长，使碗和铛相合，以及插筒的地方都用面糊密封，不要漏气。铛下放置炭火，一会儿，款冬的烟自然从筒中出来，则口含筒吸取烟雾咽下。如果胸中稍微感到闷，需要抬起头，就用手指捏住筒头，不要让烟气泄漏，吸尽烟雾为止。凡是这样做，每五天进行一次。等到第六天则饱吃一顿羊肉，永远痊愈。
雷公说：凡是采得后，必须去掉里面包裹花蕊的壳，并向里实如粟粒外壳的部分。连同枝、叶一起使用。用甘草水浸泡一夜，然后取出款冬花、叶相伴放置一夜，临用时晒干，去掉两件拌在一起的叶子后使用。
《衍义》说：款冬花，百草之中，只有它不顾冰雪最先迎来春天。世人又称之为钻冻。虽然在冰雪之下，到时节也会生芽。春季，有人采集它代替蔬菜，入药必须微见花者良。如果已经芬芳盛开，就都没有药效了。现在人又多使用像筷子头大小的，恐怕还没有开花吧。有人患咳嗽多天，有人教他用三、两枚款冬花燃烧，在无风处，用笔管吸取烟雾，满口后咽下，数日见效。
Kuantonghua (Flower of Tussilago farfara) 1 [Image: pd188.bmp]
Kuantonghua (Flower of Tussilago farfara) 2 [Image: pd189.bmp]
Pungent, sweet, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats cough with rebellious qi (Ke Ni Shang Qi), effectively relieves asthma (Shan Chuan), throat obstruction (Hou Bi), various types of fright epilepsy (Zhu Jing Xian), pathogenic factors of cold and heat (Re Nie Xie Qi), wasting-thirst (Xiao Ke), and wheezing with rapid breathing (Chuan Xi Hu Xi). Also known as Tuowu, Kedong, Huxu, Tuxi, and Didong. Grows in the valleys of Changshan and near waters in the Shangdang region. Flowers are harvested in the eleventh lunar month and dried in the shade. (Xingren [Prunus armeniaca Seed] serves as its guiding herb; it works well when combined with Ziwan [Asteris Radix et Rhizoma]; it is incompatible with Zaojia [Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus], Xiaoshi [Natrii Sulfas], Xuanshen [Scrophulariae Radix], and fears Beimu [Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus], Xinyi [Magnoliae Flos], Mahuang [Ephedrae Herba], Huangqi [Astragali Radix], Huangqin [Scutellariae Radix], Huanglian [Coptidis Rhizoma], and Qingxiangzi [Celosiae Semen].)
Tao Hongjing stated: The best quality comes from Hebei; those resembling unopened buds are superior, containing silk-like fibers inside. The next best comes from Goryeo and Baekje, where the flowers resemble large chrysanthemums. Others also come from Danchang in northern Shu, but none compare to the former two. It grows under ice during winter and is harvested on the first day of the twelfth or first lunar months. The *Tang Bencao* commentary notes: Currently, it is produced in the southern mountains of Yongzhou near stream waters and in the valleys and ravines of Huazhou. The leaves resemble those of Malva but are larger, growing in clumps, with flowers emerging from below the roots. Ministers Yuxi and others carefully consulted the *Erya*, stating: "Tuxi is Kedong." The explanation says: It is a medicinal herb. Guo Pu said: "Kuandong is purple-red, with flowers growing in water." The *Yaoxing Lun* states: Kuantonghua acts as the sovereign herb. It primarily treats urgency of lung and heart qi, chronic cough due to heat and deficiency, continuous coughing, thick and sticky sputum, treating lung abscess (Fei Yong) and expectoration of pus. Rihua Zi stated: It moistens the lungs and heart, benefits the five zang organs, eliminates irritability, tonifies deficiency and debility, resolves phlegm and stops cough, treats lung abscess with hemoptysis, heart deficiency with palpitations, clears the liver and brightens the eyes, and treats wind-stroke and other diseases. It blooms in snow during the eleventh and twelfth lunar months.
The *Tujing* states: Kuantonghua is produced in the valleys of Changshan and near waters in Shangdang. It is now also found in Guanzhong. The root is purple, the stem is green-purple, and the leaves resemble those of Bibi. In the twelfth lunar month, it opens yellow flowers with green-purple calyces. Removing one or two cun of soil, the emerging flower resembles a chrysanthemum calyx, straight and plump without seeds. Thus, what Tao Hongjing described as coming from Goryeo and Baekje is close to this type. There is also a variety with red flowers; the leaves resemble lotus leaves and stand upright. Large ones can hold one sheng, small ones several ge. Commonly called Fengdouye (Bee-comb Leaf) or Shuidouye (Water-bowl Leaf). This corresponds to what the Tang commentary described as large like Malva and growing in clumps. Flowers are harvested in the eleventh lunar month and dried in the shade. Some say the flowers grow under ice and are harvested on the first day of the first lunar month. Guo Pu's commentary on *Erya* regarding Kedong states: "Purple-red, flowers grow in water." The characters for "ice" and "water" are similar, suggesting one might be an error. However, Fu Xian's preface to his *Ode to Kuandong* states: "I once chased game and ascended the Northern Mountain. At that time, in the mid-winter month, ice ridges filled the valley, and accumulated snow covered the cliffs. Looking back, I saw Kuandong vibrant, beginning to bloom beautifully. It must indeed grow under ice to be correct." The *Benjing* states it treats cough with rebellious qi. Used in formulas from ancient times to the present, it is the premier herb for treating coughs. Cui Zhiti's fumigation method for chronic cough: Each morning, take an amount of Kuantonghua the size of a chicken egg, mix with a little honey to moisten the flower, place it in an iron pan with a capacity of one sheng. Use a clay bowl with a hole drilled in it, insert a small bamboo tube into the hole (a pen tube will do); the tube should be slightly long so the bowl and pan fit together, and seal the junction and insertion point with flour paste to prevent air leakage. Place charcoal under the pan. After a short while, the smoke from Kuantonghua will naturally exit through the tube. Hold the tube in the mouth, inhale the smoke, and swallow it. If the chest feels slightly stuffy, raise the head, then pinch the end of the tube with fingers to prevent smoke leakage. Inhale until the smoke is exhausted, then stop. Perform this procedure every five days. On the sixth day, eat a full meal of mutton to achieve a permanent cure.
Lei Gong stated: Upon harvesting, one must remove the shell wrapping the stamen inside, including the solid inner part resembling millet husks. Use the stems and leaves together. Soak in licorice water overnight. Then, keep the Kuantonghua and leaves together overnight again. Before use, sun-dry them, and discard the mixed-in leaves before using.
The *Yanyi* states: Among all herbs, only Kuantonghua disregards ice and snow to be the first to welcome spring. The world also calls it Zuandong (Drilling-through Ice). Although beneath ice and snow, it sprouts when the season arrives. In spring, people sometimes harvest it as a vegetable. For medicinal use, those with just visible flowers are best. If they have fully bloomed and become fragrant, they lose efficacy. Nowadays, people often use specimens the size of chopstick tips, which likely have not yet flowered. Someone suffered from cough for many days. Someone taught him to burn three or two pieces of Kuantonghua in a windless place, inhale the smoke through a pen tube, fill the mouth, and swallow it. After a few days, there was an effect.