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味苦、甘，平、微温，无毒。主风寒所击，金疮止痛，贲豚，痫 （音炽），女子疝瘕
。疗诸贼风，百节痛风无久新者。久服轻身耐老。一名羌活，一名羌青，一名护羌使者，一
名胡王使者，一名独摇草。此草得风不摇，无风自动。生雍州川谷，或陇西南安。二月、八
月采根，曝干。（豚实为之使。）
陶隐居云∶药名无豚实，恐是蠡实。此州郡县并是羌活，羌活形细而多节软润，气息极
猛烈
。出益州北部、西川为独活，色微白，形虚大，为用亦相似而小不如。其一茎直上，不为风
摇，故名独活。至易蛀，宜密器藏之。唐本注云∶疗风宜用独活，兼水宜用羌活。臣禹锡等
谨按药性论云∶独活，君，味苦、辛。能治中诸风湿冷，奔喘逆气，皮肌苦痒，手足
挛痛
，劳损，主风毒齿痛。又云羌活，君，味苦、辛，无毒。能治贼风，失音不语，多痒，血癞
，手足不遂，口面 邪，遍身 痹。日华子云∶羌活，治一切风并气，筋骨拳挛，四肢羸劣
，头旋，明目，赤疼及伏梁水气，五劳七伤，虚损冷气，骨节酸疼，通利五脏。独活即是羌
活母类也。
图经曰∶独活、羌活，出雍州川谷，或陇西南安，今蜀汉出者佳。春生苗，叶如青麻。
六月
开
花作丛，或黄或紫。结实时叶黄者是夹石上生，叶青者是土脉中生。此草得风不摇，无风自
动，故一名独摇草。二月、八月采根，曝干用。《本经》云∶二物同一类，今人以紫色而节
密者为羌活，黄色而作块者为独活。一说∶按陶隐居云∶独活生西川益州北部。色微白，
形
虚大，用与羌活相似。今蜀中乃有大独活，类桔梗而大，气味了不与羌活相类，用之微寒而
少效。今又有独活亦自蜀中来，形类羌活，微黄而极大，收时寸解干之，气味亦芳烈，小类
羌活，又有槐叶气者，今京下多用之，极效验，意此为真者，而市人或择羌活之大者为独活
，殊未为当。大抵此物有两种∶西川者，黄色，香如蜜；陇西者，紫色，秦陇人呼为山前独
活。古方但用独活。今方既用独活而又用羌活，兹为谬矣。《箧中方》疗中风才觉，不问轻
重，便须吐涎，然后次第治之。吐法∶用羌活五大两，以水一大斗，煎取五升，去滓，更入
好酒半升和之，以牛蒡子半升炒，下筛，令极细，以前汤酒斟酌调服，取吐，如已昏眩，即
灌之，更不可用下药及缪针灸，但用补治汤饵，自瘥。
雷公云∶采得后细锉，拌淫羊藿， 二日后曝干，去淫羊藿用，免烦人心，千金方∶治
中风
通身
冷，口噤不知人。独活四两，好酒一升，煎取半升，分温再服。肘后方∶治风齿疼，颊肿。
独
活酒煮，热含之。经验后方∶治中风不语。独活一两锉，酒二升，煎一升，大豆五合炒有声
，
将药酒热投，盖良久，温服三合，未瘥再服。必效方∶治产后腹中绞刺疼痛。羌活二两，酒
二
升，煎取一升去滓，为二服。子母秘录∶治中风腹痛，或子肠脱出。酒煎羌活取汁服。短剧
方∶
治产后风虚，独活汤主之。又，白藓皮汤主之，亦可与独活合白藓皮各三两，水三升，煮取
一
升半，分三服。耐酒者，可以酒水中煮之佳。用白藓亦同法。又方∶治产后中风语涩，四肢
拘急。羌活三两，为末。每服五钱，水、酒各半盏煎，去滓温服。《经验方》同。文潞公治
牙
齿，风上攻肿痛。独活、地黄各三两，末。每服三钱，水一盏前，和滓温服。卧时再用。
味苦、甘，性平、微温，无毒。主治风寒侵袭所致之病证，金疮（金属利器造成的创伤）止痛，奔豚气（气从少腹上冲心胸），痫病（癫痫发作）。治疗各种贼风（不正之风邪），无论新旧的百节痛风（关节疼痛）。长期服用可轻身延年。又名羌活，又名羌青，又名护羌使者，又名胡王使者，又名独摇草。这种草得风不摇动，无风时自动摇动。产于雍州的川谷，或陇西南安。二月、八月采集根部，晒干。（以豚实为使药。）
陶隐居说：药名中没有“豚实”，恐怕是“蠡实”。这些州郡县出产的都叫羌活，羌活形体细而多节，质地软润，气息极其猛烈。出自益州北部、西川的叫独活，颜色微白，形体虚大，功效也相似但稍不如羌活。它一茎直上，不为风摇动，所以名叫独活。容易生虫蛀，应用密闭容器贮藏。《唐本草》注解说：治疗风疾宜用独活，兼有水湿者宜用羌活。臣禹锡等人谨按《药性论》说：独活，为君药，味苦、辛。能治疗中焦诸风湿冷，奔喘逆气，皮肌苦痒，手足挛痛，劳损，主风毒齿痛。又说羌活，为君药，味苦、辛，无毒。能治疗贼风，失音不语，多痒，血癞，手足不遂，口面歪斜，遍身麻木。日华子说：羌活，治疗一切风并气，筋骨拳挛，四肢羸弱，头旋，明目，赤疼及伏梁水气，五劳七伤，虚损冷气，骨节酸疼，通利五脏。独活即是羌活的母类。
《图经》说：独活、羌活，产于雍州的川谷，或陇西南安，现在蜀汉出产的最好。春天生苗，叶像青麻。六月开花成丛，或黄或紫。结实时叶黄的是生长在夹石上，叶青的是生长在土脉中。这种草得风不摇动，无风时自动摇动，所以一名独摇草。二月、八月采集根部，晒干使用。《本经》说：这两种物属于同一类，现在人认为紫色且节密的是羌活，黄色且呈块状的是独活。一说：按陶隐居所说：独活产于西川益州北部。颜色微白，形体虚大，用法与羌活相似。现在蜀中有大独活，类似桔梗而较大，气味完全不像羌活，使用时微寒且疗效少。现在又有独活也从蜀中来，形状类似羌活，微黄而极大，采收时切成寸段晒干，气味也芳烈，小类羌活，又有槐叶气味的，现在京城下多用此药，极有效验，意思这是真品，而市井之人有时选择大的羌活作为独活，殊为不当。大体上此物有两种：西川产的，黄色，香如蜜；陇西产的，紫色，秦陇人称为山前独活。古方只用独活。今方既用独活又用羌活，这就错了。《箧中方》治疗中风刚察觉时，不问轻重，必须吐涎，然后依次治疗。吐法：用羌活五大两，用水一大斗，煎取五升，去渣，再加入好酒半升调和，用牛蒡子半升炒后筛成极细粉，以前汤酒斟酌调服，取吐，如果已经昏眩，就灌服它，更不可用下药及缪刺针灸，只用补治汤饵，自然痊愈。
雷公说：采得后细锉，拌淫羊藿，两天后晒干，去掉淫羊藿使用，以免烦人心神。《千金方》：治疗中风通身冷，口噤不知人。独活四两，好酒一升，煎取半升，分两次温服。《肘后方》：治疗风齿疼，颊肿。独活酒煮，热含之。《经验后方》：治疗中风不语。独活一两锉碎，酒二升，煎一升，大豆五合炒至有声，将药酒热投，盖良久，温服三合，未愈再服。《必效方》：治疗产后腹中绞刺疼痛。羌活二两，酒二升，煎取一升去渣，分两次服。《子母秘录》：治疗中风腹痛，或子肠脱出。酒煎羌活取汁服。《短剧方》：治疗产后风虚，独活汤主之。另外，白藓皮汤主之，也可以与独活合白藓皮各三两，水三升，煮取一升半，分三次服。能饮酒者，可以用酒水中煮之佳。用白藓亦同法。又一方：治疗产后中风语涩，四肢拘急。羌活三两，为末。每服五钱，水、酒各半盏煎，去渣温服。《经验方》相同。文潞公治疗牙齿，风上攻肿痛。独活、地黄各三两，为末。每服三钱，水一盏前，和滓温服。卧时再用。
Duhuo (Radix Angelicae Pubescentis)
Bitter, sweet; neutral, slightly warm; non-toxic. Primarily treats conditions struck by wind-cold, alleviates pain from metal wounds (injuries caused by metal weapons), Ben Tun Qi (a condition where Qi rushes upward from the lower abdomen to the chest and heart), and epilepsy. Treats various pathogenic winds (evil winds), regardless of whether the bi-syndrome (painful obstruction syndrome) in all joints is recent or chronic. Long-term use makes the body light and delays aging. Also known as Qianghuo, also known as Qiangqing, also known as Huqiang Shizhe (Guardian of the Qiang Envoy), also known as Huwang Shizhe (Envoy of the Hu King), also known as Duyao Cao (Swaying Grass). This herb does not sway when there is wind, but sways automatically when there is no wind. Grows in the river valleys of Yongzhou, or in Longxi and Nan'an. The roots are harvested in February and August and dried in the sun. (Tunshi is used as an assistant drug.)
Tao Hongjing stated: There is no "Tunshi" in the drug names; it is likely "Lishi". All drugs produced in these prefectures and counties are called Qianghuo. Qianghuo has a slender shape with many nodes, is soft and moist, and has an extremely potent aroma. Those produced in northern Yizhou and Western Sichuan are called Duhuo; they are slightly white in color, have a hollow and large shape, and their efficacy is similar but slightly inferior to Qianghuo. It has a single stem growing straight up and does not sway with the wind, hence the name Duhuo. It is prone to insect damage and should be stored in sealed containers. The annotation in *Tang Bencao* states: For treating wind disorders, Duhuo should be used; for conditions involving water-dampness, Qianghuo should be used. Ministers Yuxi et al., according to *Yaoxing Lun*, state: Duhuo is the Sovereign drug, bitter and pungent. It can treat rheumatic cold in the middle jiao, Ben Chuan Ni Qi (rushing panting and counterflow qi), bitter itching of skin and muscle, spasm and pain of hands and feet, fatigue and injury, and toothache due to wind toxicity. It also states: Qianghuo is the Sovereign drug, bitter and pungent, non-toxic. It can treat pathogenic winds, loss of voice and inability to speak, excessive itching, blood leprosy, paralysis of hands and feet, deviation of the mouth and face, and numbness over the whole body. Rihua Zi stated: Qianghuo treats all wind and qi disorders, spasm of tendons and bones, emaciation of limbs, dizziness, brightening of vision, redness and pain, Fuliang water accumulation, five fatigues and seven injuries, deficiency and cold qi, soreness and pain of bone joints, and promotes the free flow of the five zang organs. Duhuo is the maternal category of Qianghuo.
*Tujing* states: Duhuo and Qianghuo grow in the river valleys of Yongzhou, or in Longxi and Nan'an; those produced in Shu-Han are now considered the best. Sprouts emerge in spring, leaves resembling green hemp. Flowers bloom in clusters in June, either yellow or purple. When fruiting, plants with yellow leaves grow among rocks, while those with green leaves grow in soil veins. This herb does not sway when there is wind, but sways automatically when there is no wind, hence the name Duyao Cao. Roots are harvested in February and August and dried for use. *Benjing* states: These two substances belong to the same category. Nowadays, people consider the purple ones with dense nodes as Qianghuo, and the yellow ones forming blocks as Duhuo. Another view: According to Tao Hongjing, Duhuo grows in northern Yizhou of Western Sichuan. It is slightly white in color, hollow and large in shape, and its usage is similar to Qianghuo. Now, there is large Duhuo in Shu, resembling Jiegeng (Platycodon Root) but larger; its aroma is completely unlike Qianghuo, it is slightly cold in nature when used, and has little efficacy. Now, there is also Duhuo coming from Shu, resembling Qianghuo in shape, slightly yellow and very large. When harvested, it is cut into inch-long pieces and dried; its aroma is fragrant and potent, slightly similar to Qianghuo, with an odor like locust tree leaves. It is widely used below the capital, and is extremely effective; it is believed to be the authentic one. However, market vendors sometimes select large Qianghuo as Duhuo, which is inappropriate. Generally, this substance has two types: those from Western Sichuan are yellow and fragrant like honey; those from Longxi are purple, and people in Qin-Ling call them Shanqian Duhuo. Ancient formulas only used Duhuo. Modern formulas use both Duhuo and Qianghuo, which is erroneous. *Qiezhong Fang* treats stroke just after onset; regardless of severity, phlegm must be induced to vomit first, then treated sequentially. Vomiting method: Use 5 da liang of Qianghuo, decoct in 1 da dou of water until 5 sheng remain, remove dregs, add 0.5 sheng of good wine, mix with half a sheng of roasted and finely sifted Niu Bang Zi (Arctii Fructus), adjust dosage with the previous soup and wine to induce vomiting. If the patient is already dizzy or unconscious, administer it forcibly. Do not use purgatives or Moxibustion/Acupuncture; only use tonic soups and tonics, and recovery will occur naturally.
Leigong stated: After harvesting, finely chop, mix with Yin Yang Huo (Epimedium Herba), dry in the sun after two days, remove Yin Yang Huo before use, to avoid causing mental restlessness. *Qianjin Fang*: Treats stroke with coldness throughout the body, lockjaw and unconsciousness. 4 liang of Duhuo, 1 sheng of good wine, decoct until 0.5 sheng remains, divide into two doses and take warm. *Zhouhou Fang*: Treats wind-induced toothache and cheek swelling. Decoct Duhuo in wine and hold the hot liquid in the mouth. *Jingyan Houfang*: Treats stroke with aphasia. 1 liang of Duhuo chopped, 2 sheng of wine, decoct until 1 sheng remains. Stir-fry 0.5 sheng of soybeans until sizzling, pour the hot medicinal wine over them, cover for a long time, take 3 he warm. Repeat if not cured. *Bixiao Fang*: Treats cramping pain in the abdomen postpartum. 2 liang of Qianghuo, 2 sheng of wine, decoct until 1 sheng remains, remove dregs, divide into two doses. *Zimu Milu*: Treats stroke with abdominal pain, or prolapse of the uterus. Decoct Qianghuo in wine and take the juice. *Duanju Fang*: Treats postpartum wind-deficiency; Duhuo Tang is the primary formula. Additionally, Baixianpi Tang is the primary formula; alternatively, combine Duhuo and Baixianpi (Dictamni Cortex) each 3 liang, decoct in 3 sheng of water until 1.5 sheng remains, divide into three doses. For those who can drink alcohol, decocting in a mixture of wine and water is better. Using Baixianpi follows the same method. Another prescription: Treats postpartum stroke with slurred speech and limb stiffness. 3 liang of Qianghuo, powdered. Take 5 qian per dose, decoct with half a zhan of water and half a zhan of wine, remove dregs and take warm. Same as *Jingyan Fang*. Wen Lulgong treated dental issues where wind attacked upwards causing swelling and pain. 3 liang each of Duhuo and Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), powdered. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with one zhan of water, mix with dregs and take warm. Apply again at bedtime.