\r獭肝\pd403.bmp\r
味甘，有毒。主鬼疰蛊毒，却鱼鲠，止久嗽，烧服之。
臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶獭肝，君，味咸，微热，无毒。能治上气咳嗽，劳损疾，尸疰，
瘦病。其骨治呕哕不止。药对云∶獭肝，平。孟诜云∶獭肝，主疰病。相染一门悉患者，以
肝一具火炙末，以水和方寸
匕服之，日再服。谨按∶服之下水胀，但热毒风虚胀，服之即瘥
。若是冷气虚胀，食益虚肿甚也。只治热不治冷，不可一概尔。日华子云∶獭肝，治虚劳并
传尸劳疾。
肉 疗疫气温病及牛、马时行病。煮屎灌之亦良。
陶隐居云∶獭有两种∶有 （音宾）獭，形大，头如马，身似蝙蝠，不入药用；此当取
以鱼祭天者。其骨亦疗食鱼骨
鲠，有牛、马家，可取屎收之。多出溪岸边，其肉不可与兔肉杂食。
唐本注云∶《别录》云，獭四足，主手足皲裂。今按陈藏器本草云∶獭主鱼骨鲠不可出者，
取足于项下爬之，亦煮汁
食。皮毛，主水 病者，作褥及履 着之并煮汁服。屎主鱼脐疮。研敷之，亦主驴马虫颡，
细研灌鼻中。臣禹锡等谨按
日华子云∶獭肉，平，无毒。治水气
图经曰∶獭，旧不着所出土，今江湖间多有之。北土人亦驯养以为玩。《广雅》一名水
狗。然有两种∶有 （音宾），
（或作KT ）（音频）獭，形大，头如马，身似蝙蝠。《淮南子》云∶养池鱼者，不畜
獭。许慎注云∶KT ，獭类是也。
入药当以取鱼祭天者，其肉性寒。主骨蒸热劳，血脉不行，营卫虚满，及女子经络不通，血
热，大小肠秘涩。然消阳气，
不益男子，宜少食。五脏及肉皆寒，唯肝温。主传尸劳极，四肢寒疟，虚汗客热，亦主产劳。
诸畜肝皆叶数定。唯此肝
一月一叶，十二月十二叶，其间又有退叶，用之须见形乃可验，不尔多伪也。张仲景有治冷
劳獭肝丸方。又主鬼疰，一
门皆染者，取肝一具火炙之，水服方寸匕，日再。崔氏治九十种蛊疰及传尸、骨蒸、伏连
、诸鬼毒疠疫等獭肝丸。
二方∶俱妙。肾，主益男子。足，主鱼骨鲠，项下爬，亦煮汁饮之。皮毛、主水 病。屎，
主鱼脐疮。胆，主眼翳黑花，
飞蝇上下，视物不明。亦入点药中。
食疗患咳嗽者，烧为灰，酒服之。肉，性寒，无毒。煮汁治时疫及牛、马疫，皆煮汁停
冷灌之。又，若患寒热毒，
风水虚胀，即取水獭一头，剥去皮，和五脏、骨、头、尾等，炙令干。杵末，水下方寸匕，
日二服，十日瘥。外台秘要
治鱼骨鲠，含水獭骨即下。千金翼治鬼魅。水服獭肝末，日三服，瘥。经验后方∶治折伤。
水獭一个，用罐子纳盐泥固
济，放干，烧灰细末。以黄米煮粥，于伤处摊，以水獭一钱末粥上糁，便用帛子裹系。立止
疼痛。肘后方∶尸疰鬼疰病
者，葛洪云是五尸之一疰，又挟诸鬼邪为害。其病变动，乃有三十六种至九十九种。大略使
人寒热淋沥，沉沉默默然，
不的知其所苦，而无处不恶。累年积月，渐就顿滞，以至于死。死后传以旁人，乃至灭门。
觉如此候者，便宜急治，獭
肝一具，阴干杵末，水服方寸匕，日三，未瘥再作。姚云神效。又方∶治肠痔，大便常有血。
烧獭肝，服一钱匕。又方∶
疗牛疫疾。獭屎二升，汤淋取汁灌之。古今录验疗重下下赤者。取獭赤粪下白者，取白粪烧
末。清旦空腹以饮服一小杯，
三旦饮之愈。子母秘录∶易产，令母带獭皮。酉阳杂俎云∶吴·孙和宠邓夫人，尝醉舞，如
意误伤邓颊，血流啼叫弥苦。
命吴太医合药。曰∶得白獭髓，杂玉与琥珀屑，当灭此痕。和以百金购得白獭合膏，琥珀太
多，及瘥不减，左颊赤点如
痣。
衍义曰∶獭，四足俱短，头与身、尾皆褊，毛色若故紫帛。大者，身与尾长三尺余，食
鱼，居水中，出水亦不死；
亦能休于大木上，世谓之水獭。尝縻置大水瓮中，于其间旋转如风，水谓之成旋， 起，四
面高，中心凹下，观者骇目。
皮，西戎将以饰毳服领、袖。问之，云∶
毛端果不着尘，亦一异也。又
《本草·序例》言∶獭胆分杯，尝试之，不验；唯涂于盏唇，但使酒稍高于盏面。分杯之事，
亦古今传误言也，不可不
正之。肝，用之有验。
獭肝
味甘，有毒。主治鬼疰（一种具有传染性的慢性消耗性疾病）和蛊毒，能去除鱼刺卡喉，止住久咳，烧成灰后服用。
臣禹锡等人谨按《药性论》记载：獭肝为君药，味咸，微热，无毒。能治疗上气咳嗽、劳损疾病、尸疰（指尸体精气传染而成的病）、瘦病（形容人极度消瘦的病）。其骨骼能治疗呕吐呃逆不止。《药对》记载：獭肝性平。孟诜说：獭肝主治疰病。如果一家人都感染了这种病，取一副獭肝用火烤干研末，用水调和，方寸匕的量服用，每天服两次。谨按：服用后若出现水胀，仅是因热毒风虚引起的腹胀，服用后即痊愈。如果是冷气引起的虚胀，食用反而会使虚肿加重。只治热证不治冷证，不可一概而论。日华子说：獭肝治疗虚劳并传尸劳疾（即肺结核等传染性痨病）。
陶隐居说：獭有两种：一种是（音宾）獭，体型大，头像马，身体像蝙蝠，不入药用；应当选取那些用鱼祭祀天的獭。其骨骼也能治疗吃鱼时的骨鲠，有牛、马的人家，可以收集它们的粪便。獭多出产在溪岸边，其肉不可与兔肉混合食用。
《唐本草注》说：《别录》记载，獭有四足，主治手足皲裂。现在考证陈藏器《本草》说：獭主治鱼骨鲠无法取出的情况，取獭足在项下抓挠，也可以煮汁饮用。皮毛主治水肿病，做成褥子和鞋子穿盖，或者煮汁服用。粪便主治鱼脐疮，研碎外敷，也主治驴马虫颡（寄生虫引起的咽喉病变），细研后灌入鼻中。臣禹锡等人谨按日华子说：獭肉性平，无毒。治疗水气病。
《图经》说：獭，旧籍未注明出产地点，现在江湖间多有出产。北方人也驯养它们作为玩赏。《广雅》称其为水狗。然而有两种：一种是（音宾），另一种是（或作KT）（音频）獭，体型大，头像马，身体像蝙蝠。《淮南子》说：养殖池鱼的人，不饲养獭。许慎注释说：KT，就是獭这一类。入药应当选用以鱼祭天的獭，其肉性寒。主治骨蒸热劳（阴虚发热如骨中蒸热）、血脉不通、营卫虚弱满闷，以及女子经络不通、血热、大小肠秘涩。但它会消损阳气，不利于男子，宜少食。五脏及肉皆寒，只有肝脏性温。主治传尸劳极、四肢寒疟、虚汗客热，也主治产劳。各种牲畜的肝脏叶片数量都是固定的。唯独这种獭肝一月长一叶，十二月十二叶，其中还有退叶，使用时必须看到形状才能验证，否则很多是伪品。张仲景有治疗冷劳的獭肝丸方。又主治鬼疰，一门皆被感染，取一副獭肝火烤，用水送服方寸匕，每天两次。崔氏治疗九十种蛊疰及传尸、骨蒸、伏连、诸鬼毒疠疫等的獭肝丸。这两个方子都很妙。肾脏，主治补益男子。脚爪，主治鱼骨鲠，在项下抓挠，也可以煮汁饮用。皮毛，主治水肿病。粪便，主治鱼脐疮。胆囊，主治眼翳黑花、飞蝇上下、视物不明。也可入点眼药中。
食疗方面，患咳嗽的人，烧成灰，用酒送服。獭肉，性寒，无毒。煮汁治疗时疫及牛、马疫病，都煮汁冷却后灌服。另外，若患寒热毒、风水虚胀，就取水獭一头，剥去皮，连同五脏、骨、头、尾等，烤干。捣成末，用水送下方寸匕，每天两次，十天痊愈。《外台秘要》治疗鱼骨鲠，含水獭骨即可吐出。《千金翼方》治疗鬼魅。用水送服獭肝末，每天三次，痊愈。《经验后方》治疗折伤。水獭一只，用罐子装盐泥密封固济，晾干，烧成细灰。用黄米煮粥，涂在伤处，将一钱水獭灰撒在粥上，然后用布包裹系紧。立即止痛。《肘后方》：尸疰鬼疰病，葛洪说是五尸之一的疰病，又挟带各种鬼邪为害。这种病变化多端，有三十六种至九十九种。大致使人寒战淋漓，沉沉默默，不知道哪里痛苦，但无处不厌恶。长年累月，逐渐停滞，以至于死。死后传染给旁人，甚至灭门。感觉有此症状者，应紧急治疗，獭肝一副，阴干捣末，用水送服方寸匕，每天三次，未愈再制。姚说神效。又一方：治疗肠痔，大便常出血。烧獭肝，服一钱匕。又一方：治疗牛疫病。獭屎二升，用热水淋取汁灌服。《古今录验》治疗重下赤白痢。取獭赤粪中的白色部分，取白粪烧成末。清晨空腹饮水送服一小杯，三天饮服可愈。《子母秘录》：利于生产，让产妇佩戴獭皮。《酉阳杂俎》说：吴国孙和宠爱邓夫人，曾醉舞，如意误伤邓夫人脸颊，血流啼叫非常痛苦。命令吴太医配药。说：得到白獭髓，混合玉屑和琥珀屑，能消除此疤痕。孙和用百金购得白獭合膏，琥珀太多，病好后左颊仍有红点如痣。
《衍义》说：獭，四足都很短，头、身、尾都扁平，毛色像旧的紫色丝织品。大的，身与尾长三尺多，吃鱼，居水中，出水也不死；也能栖息在大树上，世人称为水獭。曾经把它拴在大水瓮中，它在里面旋转如风，水形成旋涡，四周高，中心凹下，观看者感到惊骇。皮，西戎人用来装饰毳服的领口、袖口。问他们，说：毛尖确实不沾灰尘，这也是一个奇异之处。另外《本草·序例》说：獭胆分杯，尝试过，不灵验；只有涂在盏唇，只是使酒面稍高于盏面。分杯之事，也是古今流传的错误说法，不可不纠正。肝脏，使用是有验证的。
Tan Gan (River Otter Liver)
Sweet in flavor, toxic. Primarily treats Gui Zhu (ghostly infection, a contagious chronic wasting disease) and Gu Du (poisonous pestilence), removes fishbones stuck in the throat, stops chronic coughing, and is administered after being calcined.
Chen Yuxi et al., according to *Yao Xing Lun* (Treatise on the Properties of Medicinals): Tan Gan is the Sovereign herb, salty in flavor, slightly warm, non-toxic. It can treat upper Qi cough, Lao Sun diseases (damage from overwork/chronic illness), Shi Zhu (disease transmitted from corpses), and Shou Bing (emaciation). Its bones treat persistent vomiting and hiccups. *Yao Dui* (Pairs of Medicinals) states: Tan Gan is neutral. Meng Shen says: Tan Gan primarily treats Zhu Bing (infectious diseases). If an entire household is infected with this disease, take one liver, roast it over fire until dry, powder it, mix with water, and administer one Fang Cun Bi (a square-inch measure) per dose, twice daily. Note: After administration, if abdominal distension due to fluid retention occurs, but it is merely heat-toxin wind-deficiency distension, it will heal upon taking this. If it is cold-qi deficiency distension, eating it will worsen the edema. It only treats heat patterns, not cold patterns; one cannot generalize. Ri Hua Zi says: Tan Gan treats Xu Lao (deficiency consumption) and Chuan Shi Lao Ji (transmissible tuberculosis-like diseases).
Meat
Treats Yi Wen (epidemic febrile diseases) and Niu Ma Shi Xing Bing (seasonal epidemics in cattle and horses). Administering boiled decoction is also effective.
Tao Hongjing says: There are two types of Tan: One is Bin Tan (Bīn Tǎ), which is large, has a horse-like head and bat-like body, and is not used in medicine; one should select those that sacrifice fish to heaven. Its bones also treat fishbone impaction. Households with cattle or horses may collect their feces. Tan is mostly found by stream banks; its meat should not be eaten mixed with rabbit meat.
*Tang Ben Zhu* (Tang Dynasty Commentary) says: *Bie Lu* (Record of Distinct Medicinals) states that Tan has four feet and treats hand-foot chapping. Currently consulting Chen Cangqi's *Ben Cao*: Tan treats unremovable fishbone impaction; using its feet to scratch the neck area, or drinking the boiled juice, is effective. Fur and skin treat Shui Zhong (edema); making mattresses and shoes from them, or drinking the boiled juice, works. Feces treat Yu Qi Chuang (fish-navel sores); powdered and applied externally, it also treats Lv Ma Chang Sang (parasitic lesions in donkeys/horses); finely powdered and instilled into the nose. Chen Yuxi et al., citing Ri Hua Zi: Tan meat is neutral and non-toxic. Treats Shui Qi (water qi/pathology).
*Tu Jing* (Illustrated Canon) says: Tan, old texts do not specify its origin; now abundant in rivers and lakes. People in the north also tame them for amusement. *Guang Ya* calls it Water Dog. However, there are two types: One is Bin, the other is KT (Pín) Tan, large, horse-headed, bat-bodied. *Huainanzi* says: Those who raise pond fish do not keep Tan. Xu Shen's annotation says: KT is a type of Tan. For medicinal use, select those that sacrifice fish to heaven; its meat is cold-natured. Treats Gu Zheng Re Lao (bone-steaming heat consumption), blood vessel obstruction, Ying Wei (nutritive and defensive Qi) deficiency/fullness, women's meridian obstruction, blood heat, and constipation of large and small intestines. However, it dissipates Yang Qi and does not benefit men; consume sparingly. The five viscera and meat are all cold, only the liver is warm. Treats severe Chuan Shi Lao (transmissible consumption), limb cold malaria, deficiency sweating with external heat, and Chan Lao (postpartum consumption). The lobes of various animal livers are fixed in number. Only this Tan liver grows one lobe per month, twelve lobes in twelve months, with some shedding lobes; verification requires seeing the shape, otherwise many are fake. Zhang Zhongjing had a formula for treating Cold Lao: Tan Gan Wan. Also treats Gui Zhu; if the whole family is infected, take one liver, roast it, and swallow with water, one Fang Cun Bi, twice daily. Cui Shi's Tan Gan Wan treats ninety types of Gu Zhu, Chuan Shi, Gu Zheng, Fu Lian, and various ghost-toxin plagues. Both formulas are excellent. Kidney tonifies men. Feet treat fishbone impaction; scratching the neck or drinking boiled juice works. Fur/skin treat edema. Feces treat fish-navel sores. Gallbladder treats eye nebulae, black spots, floating flies, and blurred vision. Can also be used in eye drops.
For dietary therapy, those with coughs burn it to ash and take with wine. Meat is cold-natured and non-toxic. Boiled juice treats seasonal epidemics and cattle/horse plagues; cool before administering. Additionally, for Han Re Du (cold-heat toxin) and Feng Shui Xu Zhang (wind-water deficiency distension), take one river otter, remove skin, combine with five viscera, bones, head, tail, etc., roast until dry, powder, take one Fang Cun Bi with water, twice daily, heals in ten days. *Waitai Miyao* treats fishbone impaction by holding otter bone in mouth. *Qianjin Yifang* treats ghosts/demons. Take otter liver powder with water, three times daily, heals. *Jingyan Houfang* treats fractures. One river otter, sealed in a jar with salt mud, dried, burned to fine ash. Cook yellow millet porridge, spread on injury, sprinkle one qian of otter ash on porridge, wrap tightly with cloth. Pain stops immediately. *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*: Shi Zhu Gui Zhu disease, Ge Hong says it is one of the Five Shi (corpses), combined with ghost evils. Disease changes vary from 36 to 99 types. Generally causes chills, dripping sweat, lethargy, unknown pain locations, universal aversion. Accumulates over years/months, leading to stagnation and death. Transmits to others after death, potentially wiping out families. Upon sensing such symptoms, treat urgently: one Tan liver, dried in shade, powdered, take one Fang Cun Bi with water, three times daily, repeat if not healed. Yao says it is miraculous. Another formula: Treats intestinal hemorrhoids with frequent blood in stool. Burn Tan liver, take one qian bi. Another formula: Treats cattle plague. Two sheng of otter feces, steep in hot water, extract juice, administer. *Gujin Luyan* treats severe dysentery with red discharge. Take white parts from otter's red feces, burn to powder. Take one small cup with water on empty stomach morning, three mornings to cure. *Zimu Milu*: Facilitates childbirth, let mother wear otter skin. *Youyang Zazu* says: Wu Sun He favored Lady Deng. Once, while dancing drunk, his Ruyi scepter accidentally cut her cheek, bleeding and crying bitterly. Ordered Wu Imperial Physician to make medicine. Said: Obtain White Tan Marrow, mix with Jade and Amber powder, to erase scar. Sun He bought White Tan ointment for hundred gold pieces; too much amber was used; after healing, a red spot like a mole remained on left cheek.
*Yanyi* says: Tan, four short feet, head/body/tail flat, fur color like old purple silk. Large ones, body and tail over three chi long, eat fish, live in water, survive out of water; can rest on large trees, known as River Otter. Once tethered in a large water vat, it spun like wind, creating a whirlpool, high edges, depressed center, startling observers. Skin, Western Regions people use to trim collars/cuffs of wool garments. Asked why, they said: Fur tips indeed do not collect dust, a unique trait. Also, *Ben Cao Xu Li* says: Tan Gall Bladder Divides Cup. Tried it, failed; only when applied to cup rim, causing wine level to rise above cup surface. The "dividing cup" story is an ancient error, needs correction. Liver usage is verified.