\r玄石\pd34.bmp\r
味咸，温，无毒。主大人、小儿惊痫，女子绝孕，小腹冷痛，少精身重，服之令人有
子。一名玄水石，一名处石。生泰山之阳。山阴有铜，铜者雌，黑者雄。（恶松脂、柏实、
菌桂。）
陶隐居云∶《本经》磁石，一名玄石。《别录》各一种。今按其一名处石既同，疗体又相
似
，而寒温铜铁及畏恶有异。俗方既不复用之，亦无识其形者，不知与磁石相类否？唐本注云
∶此物铁液也，但不能拾针，疗体如《经》，劣于磁石。磁石中有细孔，孔中黄赤色，初破
好者，能连十针，一斤铁刀亦被回转。其无孔，光泽纯黑者，玄石也，不能吸针。
图经文具磁石条下。
味咸、苦、辛，平，无毒。主目赤泪出，肤翳眵暗。
唐本注云∶以光明盐、 砂、赤铜屑，酿之为块，绿色。真者出焉耆国，水中石下取之，
状
若扁青、空青，为眼药之要。（唐本先附）
图经文具食盐条下。
海药∶谨按《古今录》云∶波斯国在石上生，味咸、涩。主明目消翳，点眼及小儿无辜
疳
药，
亦不久。后魏李孝伯云∶赤盐、臭盐、马齿盐、驳盐，并非食盐。胡盐治目痛。以上自《唐
本》注比，并是绿盐说。
\r凝水石\pd35.bmp\r
味辛、甘，寒、大寒，无毒。主身热，腹中积聚邪气，皮中如火烧，烦满，水饮之
。除时气热盛，五脏伏热，胃中热，烦满，止渴，水肿，小腹痹。久服不饥。一名白水石，
一名寒水石，一名凌水石。色如云母可析者良，盐之精也。生常山山谷，又中水县及邯郸。
（解巴豆毒，畏地榆。）
陶隐居云∶常山属并州，中水县属河间郡，邯郸即赵郡，并属冀州域。此处地皆咸卤，
故云
盐精，而碎之亦似朴硝。此石末置水中，夏月能为冰者佳。唐本注∶此石有两种，有纵理、
横
理，色清明者为佳。或云纵理为寒水石，横理为凝水石。今出同州韩城，色青黄，理如云母
为良；出澄城者，斜理纹，色白，为劣也。臣禹锡等谨按吴氏云∶神农∶辛。岐伯、医和
、
扁鹊∶甘，无毒。季氏∶大寒。或生邯郸。采无时，如云母色。药性论云∶寒水石，能压丹
石毒风，去心烦渴闷，解伤寒劳复。
图经曰∶凝水石，即寒水石也，生常山山谷，又出中水县及邯郸，今河东汾、隰州及德
顺军
有之。此有两种，有纵理者，有横理者，色清明如云母可析，投置水中，与水同色，其水凝
动者为佳。或曰纵理者为寒水石，横理者为凝水石。三月采。又有一种冷油石，全与此相类
，但投沸油铛中，油即冷者是也。此石有毒，若误用之，令腰以下不能举。
雷公云∶凡使，先须用生姜自然汁，煮汁尽为度，细研成粉用。每修十两，用姜汁一镒。
经验方∶治小儿丹毒，皮肤热赤。用寒水石半两，白土一分，捣罗为末，用米醋调敷之愈。
集
日，净地坑内盆合，四面湿
土拥起，候经宿取出，入甘草末、天竺黄各二两，龙脑二分，糯米膏丸弹子大，蜜水磨下。
伤寒类要∶治肉瘅，其人小
便白。以凝水石主之也。丹房镜源∶凝水石可作油衣，可食，制丹砂为匮伏玄精。
衍义曰∶凝水石，又谓之寒水石，纹理通澈，人或磨刻为枕，以备暑月之用。入药须烧
过，
或
市人烧入腻粉中以乱真，不可不察也。陶隐居言∶夏月能为冰者佳。如此，则举世不能得，
似乎失言。
玄石
味咸，性温，无毒。主治成人和儿童的惊痫（因惊恐或风邪引起的抽搐痉挛），女子不孕，小腹冷痛，精少身体沉重，服用后能使人获得子嗣。又名玄水石，又名处石。产于泰山的南面。山北面有铜矿，铜分雌雄，黑色的为雄铜。（忌与松脂、柏实、菌桂同用。）
陶弘景说：《神农本草经》中的磁石，又名玄石。《名医别录》将其列为另一种药。现在考察发现，它们都有一个别名“处石”，疗效也相似，但寒热属性、对铜铁的亲和力以及禁忌药物有所不同。世俗医方既然不再使用它，也没有人认识它的形状，不知道它是否与磁石类似？《唐本草》注解说：这种物质是铁液凝结而成，但不能吸附针，疗效如同《本经》所载，但次于磁石。磁石中有细孔，孔中呈黄赤色，刚破开时好的磁石，能连续吸附十根针，一斤重的铁刀也能被吸起翻转。那些没有孔洞、光泽纯黑的，就是玄石，不能吸附针。详细图谱记载在磁石条目下。
绿盐
味咸、苦、辛，性平，无毒。主治眼睛红肿流泪，皮肤翳膜，眼屎昏暗。
《唐本草》注解说：用光明盐、砂、赤铜屑，酿造成为块状，呈绿色。真正的绿盐出产于焉耆国，从水中的石头下采集，形状像扁青、空青，是治疗眼病的重要药材。（此条原附于前文）详细图谱记载在食盐条目下。
海药：谨按《古今录》记载：波斯国出产的绿盐生于石上，味咸、涩。主治明目消翳，用于点眼及治疗小儿无辜疳积的药物，但效力不持久。后魏李孝伯说：赤盐、臭盐、马齿盐、驳盐，都不是食盐。胡盐能治疗眼痛。以上根据《唐本草》注比对，都是关于绿盐的论述。
凝水石
味辛、甘，性寒、大寒，无毒。主治身体发热，腹中积聚邪气，皮肤如火烧般灼热，烦闷胀满，饮水可缓解。去除时行热病热盛，五脏潜伏之热，胃中热，烦闷胀满，止渴，水肿，小腹痹痛。长期服用可不感到饥饿。又名白水石，又名寒水石，又名凌水石。颜色像云母且能分层剥离的为优良品，是盐的精华。产于常山山谷，又产于中水县及邯郸。（能解巴豆毒，畏地榆。）
陶弘景说：常山属于并州，中水县属于河间郡，邯郸即赵郡，都属于冀州地域。这些地方土地皆含盐卤，所以说它是盐的精华，破碎后也像朴硝。将此石粉末放入水中，夏季能结冰的为佳品。《唐本草》注：这种石有两种，有纵纹理、横纹理，颜色清明透明的为佳。有人说纵纹理的是寒水石，横纹理的是凝水石。现在产自同州韩城的，颜色青黄，纹理如云母的为良；产自澄城的，纹理斜向，颜色白，品质较差。臣禹锡等人谨按吴氏所说：神农认为味辛；岐伯、医和、扁鹊认为味甘，无毒；季氏认为大寒。有的产于邯郸。采集无固定时间，颜色如云母。《药性论》说：寒水石，能压制丹石毒风，去除心烦口渴闷乱，解除伤寒劳复（伤寒病愈后因劳累复发）。
《图经》说：凝水石，就是寒水石，产于常山山谷，又产于中水县及邯郸，现在河东汾州、隰州及德顺军有出产。这种石有两种，有纵纹理的，有横纹理的，颜色清明如云母可分层剥离，投入水中，与水同色，其水凝固不动的为佳。有人说纵纹理的是寒水石，横纹理的是凝水石。三月采集。又有一种冷油石，完全与此相似，只是投入沸油锅中，油即冷却的就是它。此石有毒，如果误用，会导致腰部以下不能抬起。
雷公说：凡使用此药，先用生姜自然汁，煮至汁液尽为止，细细研磨成粉使用。每修治十两，用姜汁一镒。
经验方：治疗小儿丹毒，皮肤热赤。用寒水石半两，白土一分，捣碎过筛为末，用米醋调敷，痊愈。
集日（注：此处疑为书名或方名残缺，依原文直译），在干净的地坑内用盆覆盖，四面用湿土堆起，等到过夜取出，加入甘草末、天竺黄各二两，龙脑二分，糯米膏制成弹子大小的丸剂，蜜水磨服。
伤寒类要：治疗肉瘅（肌肉发黄肿胀之病），其人小便白。用凝水石为主药。
丹房镜源：凝水石可制作油衣，可食用，用于炼制丹砂为匮伏玄精。
衍义说：凝水石，又称寒水石，纹理通透清澈，有人磨刻做成枕头，以备暑月之用。入药必须经过煅烧，或者市井之人烧制后掺入铅粉以冒充真品，不可不仔细辨别。陶弘景说：夏季能结冰的为佳品。如果是这样，那么举世都难以得到，似乎他说错了话。
Xuan Shi (Black Stone)
Salty in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats convulsions and epilepsy (seizures caused by fright or wind pathogen) in adults and children, sterility in women, cold pain in the lower abdomen, scanty essence with a heavy body sensation; taking it enables one to conceive offspring. Also known as Xuan Shui Shi (Black Water Stone), also known as Chu Shi (Place Stone). Grows on the south slope of Mount Tai. On the north slope of the mountain there is copper ore; copper is classified as female and male, with black being the male type. (Incompatible with Song Zhi [Pinus resin], Bai Shi [Platycladi Semen], and Jun Gui [Cinnamomum cassia bark].)
Tao Hongjing states: The Ci Shi (Magnetite) in the *Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) is also named Xuan Shi. The *Bie Lu* (Additional Records) lists them as separate substances. Upon examination, since they share the alias "Chu Shi" and have similar therapeutic effects, yet differ in their cold/warm properties, affinity for copper/iron, and incompatibilities, and since common prescriptions no longer use it, nor do people recognize its form, it is unknown whether it is similar to Ci Shi. The *Tang Ben Cao* commentary notes: This substance is liquid iron solidified; however, it cannot attract needles. Its therapeutic effect is as described in the *Jing* (Classic), but inferior to Ci Shi. Ci Shi contains fine pores, which are yellow-red inside; when freshly broken, good quality Ci Shi can attract ten needles in succession and even lift and rotate a one-jin iron knife. Those without pores, glossy and purely black, are Xuan Shi, which cannot attract needles. Detailed illustrations are recorded under the entry for Ci Shi.
Lv Yan (Green Salt)
Salty, bitter, and acrid in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats red eyes with tearing, corneal opacity (pterygium/leukoma), and dark eye discharge.
*Tang Ben Cao* commentary notes: Made by fermenting Guang Ming Yan (Bright Salt), Sha (Sand/Grit), and Chi Tong Xie (Red Copper Filings) into blocks, appearing green. Authentic Lv Yan originates from the Kingdom of Yanqi, harvested from beneath stones in water. It resembles Bian Qing (Flat Azure Mineral) and Kong Qing (Hollow Azure Mineral), and is an essential ingredient for ophthalmic preparations. (Originally attached to the preceding text.) Detailed illustrations are recorded under the entry for Shi Yan (Table Salt).
Maritime Medicines: According to the *Gu Jin Lu* (Records of Past and Present): Lv Yan grows on rocks in Persia, tasting salty and astringent. It primarily brightens vision and eliminates opacities, used for eye drops and treating infant Wugu Gan (infantile malnutrition/dysentery), though its efficacy is not long-lasting. Li Xiaobo of the Later Wei dynasty stated: Chi Yan (Red Salt), Chou Yan (Stinking Salt), Ma Chi Yan (Purslane Salt), and Bo Yan (Mottled Salt) are not table salt. Hu Yan (Barbarian Salt) treats eye pain. Comparing the above with the *Tang Ben Cao* commentary, all these descriptions refer to Lv Yan.
Ning Shui Shi (Freezing Water Stone)
Acrid and sweet in flavor, cold and greatly cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats fever, accumulation of evil qi in the abdomen, skin burning like fire, irritability and fullness, relieved by drinking water. Eliminates excess heat in seasonal epidemics, latent heat in the five zang organs, stomach heat, irritability and fullness, stops thirst, reduces edema, and treats bi-syndrome (painful obstruction) in the lower abdomen. Long-term use prevents hunger. Also known as Bai Shui Shi (White Water Stone), also known as Han Shui Shi (Cold Water Stone), also known as Ling Shui Shi (Ice Water Stone). Those resembling mica and capable of splitting into layers are of superior quality; this is the essence of salt. Grows in the valleys of Changshan, and also in Zhongshui County and Handan. (Resolves Radix Euphorbiae Hussonis toxicity, incompatible with Sanguisorbae Radix.)
Tao Hongjing states: Changshan belongs to Bingzhou, Zhongshui County belongs to Hejian Commandery, and Handan is Zhao Commandery, all belonging to the Ji Province region. The land here is saline-alkaline, hence it is called the essence of salt, and when crushed, it resembles Piao Xiao (Mirabilite). When powdered Ning Shui Shi is placed in water, if it forms ice in summer, it is considered excellent. *Tang Ben Cao* commentary: There are two types of this stone, those with longitudinal grain and those with transverse grain; clear and transparent ones are superior. Some say longitudinal grain is Han Shui Shi, while transverse grain is Ning Shui Shi. Currently, those from Hancheng in Tongzhou are yellowish-green with mica-like grain, which is good; those from Chengcheng have diagonal grain and are white, which is inferior. Ministers Yu Xi et al. carefully followed Wu Shi’s notes: Shen Nong said acrid; Qi Bo, Yi He, and Bian Que said sweet, non-toxic; Ji Shi said greatly cold. Some grow in Handan. Harvest time is unspecified; color resembles mica. *Yao Xing Lun* (Discussion on Drug Properties) states: Han Shui Shi can suppress Dan Shi (cinnabar pill) toxic wind, remove mental restlessness, thirst, and stuffiness, and resolve relapse after recovery from Shang Han (Cold Damage).
Tu Jing says: Ning Shui Shi is Han Shui Shi, growing in Changshan valleys, and also in Zhongshui County and Handan. Currently available in Fen and Xi Prefectures in Hedong, and Deshun Army. There are two types: those with longitudinal grain and those with transverse grain. Clear and transparent like splittable mica, when thrown into water, takes on the water's color; if the water appears frozen/still, it is superior. Some say longitudinal grain is Han Shui Shi, transverse grain is Ning Shui Shi. Harvested in March. There is another type called Leng You Shi (Cold Oil Stone), completely similar to this, except that when thrown into boiling oil, the oil cools down. This stone is toxic; if mistakenly used, it causes inability to move the waist and below.
Lei Gong says: For processing, first boil in fresh ginger juice until the juice is exhausted, then finely grind into powder for use. For every ten liang processed, use one yi of ginger juice.
Empirical Formula: Treats infant Dan Du (erysipelas), with hot and red skin. Use half a liang of Han Shui Shi and one part Bai Tu (White Clay), pound and sieve into powder, mix with rice vinegar, apply topically for cure.
Ji Ri (Note: Text fragment, likely a book/formula name): In a clean pit, cover with a basin, surround with wet soil, leave overnight, then take out. Add two liang each of Gan Cao (Licorice Root) powder and Tian Zhu Huang (Bambusa Textilis Calamus), and two fen of Long Nao (Borneol). Mix with glutinous rice paste to make pills the size of bullet seeds, take with honey-water solution.
Shang Han Lei Yao (Essentials of Cold Damage): Treats Rou Dan (muscular jaundice/swelling), where urine is white. Use Ning Shui Shi as the main herb.
Dan Fang Jing Yuan (Mirror Source of Alchemical Furnaces): Ning Shui Shi can be made into oil coatings, is edible, and is used to refine Cinnabar into Kui Fu Xuan Jing.
Yan Yi says: Ning Shui Shi, also called Han Shui Shi, has clear and penetrating grain texture. Some carve it into pillows for use in summer. For medicinal use, it must be calcined. However, merchants may calcine it and mix in lead white (basic lead carbonate) to pass it off as genuine; this must be carefully distinguished. Tao Hongjing stated: Those that form ice in summer are excellent. If this were true, none could be found in the world, suggesting his statement was erroneous.