\r王瓜\pd178.bmp\r
味苦，寒，无毒。主消渴，内痹，瘀血，月闭寒热，酸疼，益气，愈聋，疗诸邪气，
热结，鼠 ，散痈肿留血，妇人带下不通，下乳汁，止小便数不禁，逐四肢骨节中水，疗马
骨刺人疮。一名土瓜。生鲁地平泽田野及人家垣墙间。三月采根，阴干。
陶隐居云∶今土瓜生篱院间亦有，子熟时赤，如弹丸大。根今多不预干，临用时乃掘取。
不
堪入大方，正单行小小尔。《礼记·月令》云∶王瓜生，此之谓也。郑玄云∶菝 ，殊为缪
矣
。唐本注云∶此物蔓生，叶似栝蒌，圆无叉缺，子如栀子，生青熟赤，但无棱尔。根似葛，
细而多糁。北间者累累相连，大如枣，皮黄肉白，苗子相似，根状不同。试疗黄胆，破血。
南者大胜也。今按陈藏器本草云∶王瓜，主蛊毒，小儿闪癖，痞满并疟。取根及叶，捣绞汁
服，当吐下。宜少进之，有小毒故也。臣禹锡等谨按尔雅云∶钩， 姑。释曰∶钩，一名
姑。郭云∶钩，薮也。一名王瓜。实如 瓜，正赤味苦。药性论云∶土瓜根，使，平，一名
王瓜子，主蛊毒。治小便数，遗不禁。日华子云∶王瓜子，润心肺，治黄病，生用。肺痿，
吐血，肠风泻血，赤白痢，炒用。又云∶土瓜根，通血脉，天行热疾，酒黄病，壮热，心烦
闷，吐痰痰疟，排脓，热劳，治扑损，消瘀血，破症癖，落胎。
图经曰∶王瓜，生鲁地平泽田野及人家垣墙间，今处处有之。《月令》四月王瓜生。即
此也
。
叶似栝蒌，圆无叉缺，有刺如毛。五月开黄花。花下结子如弹丸，生青熟赤。根似葛，细而
多糁，谓之土瓜根。北间者，其实累累相连，大如枣，皮黄肉白。苗叶都相似，但根状不同
耳。三月采根，阴干。均、房间人呼为老鸦瓜，亦白菟瓜。谨按《尔雅》曰∶ （羊善切）
，
菟瓜。郭璞注云∶似土瓜。而土瓜自谓之 （与睽同）菇（与姑同），又名钩菇，盖菟瓜别
是一
种也。又云∶芴（音物），菲，亦谓之土瓜，自别是一物。《诗》所谓采葑采菲者，非此土瓜
也。大凡物有异类，同名甚多，不可不辨也。葛氏疗面上痱瘰子用之，仍得光润皮急。以土
瓜根捣筛，浆水匀和，入夜先浆水洗面敷药，旦复洗之。百日光华射人。小儿四岁发黄。生
捣绞汁三合与饮，不过三饮已。
圣惠方∶治黑疸多死，宜急治。用瓜根一斤，捣绞汁六合，顿服。当有黄水随小便出。
如未
出
，更服之。外台秘要∶治蛊。土瓜根大如拇指，长三寸，切。以酒半升渍一宿，一服，当吐
下
。肘后方∶治黄胆变成黑疸，医所不能治。土瓜根汁，顿服一小升。平旦服食后须病汗，当
小
便出，愈。不尔，再服。又方∶治小便不通及关格方∶生土瓜根捣取汁，以少水解之筒中，
吹下部取通。产书下乳汁。土瓜根为末，酒服一钱，一日三次。
衍义曰∶王瓜，体如栝蒌，其壳径寸。一种长二寸许，上微圆，下尖长，七、八月间熟，
红
赤
色。壳中子如螳螂头者。今人又谓之赤雹子，其根即土瓜根也。于细根上又生淡黄根，三、
五相连，如大指许。根与子两用。红子同白土子治头风。
味苦，性寒，无毒。主治消渴（糖尿病样症状），体内痹阻，瘀血，月经闭止伴寒热往来，酸痛，益气，治愈耳聋，治疗各种邪气，热结，鼠瘘（淋巴结核），消散痈肿和留滞之血，妇人带下不通，通乳汁，止小便频数且失禁，驱逐四肢骨节中的水湿，治疗马骨刺入伤口形成的疮疡。又名土瓜。生长在鲁地平坦的沼泽田野以及人家围墙之间。三月采集根部，阴干。
陶隐居说：现在的土瓜也生长在篱笆院落间，果实成熟时呈红色，像弹丸那么大。根部现在大多不预先干燥，临用时才挖掘取出。不适合用于大方剂中，只适合单味药小剂量使用。《礼记·月令》说：王瓜生，指的就是这个。郑玄说：是菝葜，这就大错特错了。
唐本注说：这种植物蔓生，叶子像栝蒌，圆形无缺刻，果实像栀子，生时青色熟时红色，只是没有棱罢了。根像葛藤，细而多须。北方产的累累相连，大如枣，皮黄肉白，苗叶相似，但根的形状不同。试用治疗黄疸，破血。南方的药效胜过北方。
现在考证陈藏器《本草》说：王瓜，主治蛊毒，小儿闪癖，痞满及疟疾。取根和叶，捣碎绞汁服用，应当引起呕吐和下泻。宜少量进服，因为有小毒的缘故。
臣禹锡等谨按《尔雅》说：钩，姑。解释为：钩，一名姑。郭璞说：钩，薮泽之地。又名王瓜。果实像瓠瓜，正红色味苦。
《药性论》说：土瓜根，为使药，性平，一名王瓜子，主治蛊毒。治疗小便频数，遗尿不禁。
日华子说：王瓜子，润心肺，治黄病，生用。肺痿，吐血，肠风泻血，赤白痢，炒用。又说：土瓜根，通血脉，治疗天行热疾，酒黄病，壮热，心烦闷，吐痰疟，排脓，热劳，治疗跌打损伤，消瘀血，破症癖，堕胎。
《图经》说：王瓜，生长在鲁地平坦的沼泽田野以及人家围墙之间，现在到处都有。《月令》四月王瓜生。就是这个。
叶子像栝蒌，圆形无缺刻，有刺像毛。五月开黄花。花下结子像弹丸，生青熟赤。根像葛藤，细而多须，称为土瓜根。北方产的，其果实累累相连，大如枣，皮黄肉白。苗叶都相似，只是根的形状不同罢了。三月采根，阴干。均州、房州的人呼为老鸦瓜，也叫白菟瓜。谨按《尔雅》说：（羊善切），菟瓜。郭璞注说：像土瓜。而土瓜自称为（与睽同）菇（与姑同），又名钩菇，大概菟瓜是另一种。又说：芴（音物），菲，也称为土瓜，这是另外一物。《诗经》所谓“采葑采菲”者，不是这个土瓜。大凡事物有异类，同名很多，不可不辨别。
葛氏治疗面上痱瘰子用它，能使皮肤光洁润泽。将土瓜根捣筛，用浆水调和均匀，入夜先用浆水洗脸敷药，早晨再洗。一百天后光华照人。小儿四岁发黄。生捣绞汁三合给饮用，不超过三次饮服即可痊愈。
《圣惠方》：治疗黑疸多死，宜急治。用瓜根一斤，捣绞汁六合，一次服下。应当有黄水随小便排出。如果未排出，再服。
《外台秘要》：治疗蛊毒。土瓜根大如拇指，长三寸，切片。用酒半升浸泡一夜，一次服用，应当引起呕吐和下泻。
《肘后方》：治疗黄疸变成黑疸，医生不能治疗的。土瓜根汁，一次服一小升。清晨空腹服药后必须出汗，应当从小便排出，痊愈。如果不这样，再服。又一方：治疗小便不通及关格方：生土瓜根捣取汁，用少量水稀释在筒中，吹入下部取通。产书：下乳汁。土瓜根为末，酒服一钱，一日三次。
《衍义》说：王瓜，体形像栝蒌，其壳直径一寸。一种长约二寸许，上微圆，下尖长，七、八月间成熟，红赤色。壳中子像螳螂头。今人又谓之赤雹子，其根即土瓜根也。在细根上又生淡黄根，三五相连，如大拇指粗。根与子两用。红子同白土子治疗头风。
Trichosanthes cucumerina (Wang Gua)
Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Mainly treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome), internal Bi obstruction (impediment syndrome), blood stasis, amenorrhea with alternating chills and fever, soreness and pain, tonifies Qi, cures deafness, treats various pathogenic factors, heat accumulation, Shu Liu (scrofula/lymphatic tuberculosis), dissipates carbuncles and swelling and retained blood, treats leukorrhea obstruction in women, promotes lactation, stops frequent urination and incontinence, expels water-dampness from the joints of the four limbs, treats wounds caused by horse bone splinters. Also known as Tu Gua (Earth Melon). Grows in flat marshes and fields in Lu territory, as well as between walls of houses. Roots are harvested in the third lunar month and dried in the shade.
Tao Hongjing stated: Currently, Tu Gua also grows among fences and courtyards; when ripe, the fruit is red, about the size of a pellet. The roots are generally not pre-dried but dug up when needed. They are not suitable for large prescriptions, only for single-herb small doses. The *Book of Rites · Monthly Ordinances* states: "Wang Gua grows," referring to this. Zheng Xuan claimed it was Smilax glabra (Ba Qian), which is a significant error.
The *Tang Ben Cao Zhu* noted: This plant climbs; leaves resemble Trichosanthes kirilowii (Gua Lou), round without lobes; fruits resemble Gardenia jasminoides (Zhi Zi), green when raw and red when ripe, but without ridges. Roots resemble Pueraria lobata (Ge Gen), thin and fibrous. Those from the north grow in clusters, as large as dates, with yellow skin and white flesh; seedlings and leaves are similar, but root shapes differ. It has been tested to treat Jaundice (Huang Dan) and break blood stasis. Those from the south are superior in efficacy.
Current examination of Chen Cangqi's *Ben Cao* states: Wang Gua mainly treats Gu Du (poisoning by insects/worms), pediatric Shan Pi (abdominal masses), fullness, and malaria. Take roots and leaves, crush and extract juice, and ingest. Vomiting and purging should occur. Administer in small amounts due to slight toxicity.
Min Yuxi et al., according to the *Erya*, stated: Gou, Gu. Explanation: Gou, also named Gu. Guo Pu said: Gou refers to a marsh area. Also named Wang Gua. Fruits resemble Lagenaria siceraria (Hu Gua), bright red and bitter.
*Yao Xing Lun* stated: Tu Gua Gen (Root of Trichosanthes cucumerina), used as an assistant drug, neutral in nature, also named Wang Gua Zi, mainly treats Gu Du. Treats frequent urination and enuresis.
Ri Hua Zi stated: Wang Gua Zi moistens the Lung and Heart, treats Jaundice, used raw. For Fei Wei (Lung萎/atrophy), hematemesis, intestinal wind with bloody stool, dysentery with red and white discharge, stir-fry before use. Furthermore: Tu Gua Gen invigorates the blood vessels, treats epidemic febrile diseases, wine-induced jaundice, high fever, vexation and stuffiness, phlegm-malaria, discharges pus, treats heat consumption, treats traumatic injuries, resolves blood stasis, breaks abdominal masses, and induces abortion.
*Tu Jing* stated: Wang Gua grows in flat marshes and fields in Lu territory, and is now found everywhere. The *Monthly Ordinances* state: "Wang Gua grows in the fourth month." This is it. Leaves resemble Trichosanthes kirilowii, round without lobes, hairy spines. Yellow flowers bloom in the fifth month. Fruits form under the flowers, pellet-sized, green when raw and red when ripe. Roots resemble Pueraria lobata, thin and fibrous, called Tu Gua Gen. Northern varieties have clustered fruits, date-sized, yellow skin, white flesh. Seedlings and leaves are similar, differing only in root shape. Roots are harvested in the third lunar month and dried in the shade. People in Jun and Fang prefectures call it Lao Ya Gua or Bai Tu Gua. According to the *Erya*: (Yang Shan cut), Tu Gua. Guo Pu annotated: Resembles Tu Gua. But Tu Gua itself is called Kui Gu (same as Gu), also named Gou Gu. Probably Tu Gua is a different species. It also states: Wu (sound Wu), Fei, also called Tu Gua, but is a distinct object. What the *Classic of Poetry* calls "gathering feng and fei" is not this Tu Gua. Generally, objects of different kinds share many names; they must be distinguished.
Ge Shi used it for facial fei luo zi (heat rash/lumps), resulting in smooth and tight skin. Crush and sieve Tu Gua Gen, mix evenly with fermented grain wash. At night, wash face with fermented grain wash, apply medicine, and wash again at dawn. After 100 days, the complexion shines. For four-year-old children with yellow discoloration: crush raw, extract three he of juice, and drink. Three doses are sufficient.
*Sheng Hui Fang*: Treats Hei Dan (black jaundice), which is often fatal; urgent treatment is required. Use one jin of Gua Gen, crush and extract six liu of juice, take once. Yellow fluid should pass out with urine. If not discharged, administer again.
*Wai Tai Mi Yao*: Treats Gu poison. Tu Gua Gen, thumb-sized, three cun long, sliced. Soak in half sheng of wine overnight. One dose should induce vomiting and purging.
*Zhou Hou Fang*: Treats jaundice transforming into black jaundice, untreatable by physicians. Take Tu Gua Gen juice, one xiao sheng at a time. Take on an empty stomach in the morning; sweating should follow, and recovery occurs via urination. If not, administer again. Another prescription: For urinary retention and Guan Ge (obstruction syndrome): Extract juice from raw Tu Gua Gen, dilute with a little water in a tube, and blow into the lower orifice to restore patency. *Chan Shu*: Promotes lactation. Powder Tu Gua Gen, take one qian with wine, three times daily.
*Yan Yi* stated: Wang Gua resembles Trichosanthes kirilowii in body, with a shell diameter of one cun. One variety is about two cun long, slightly round at the top, tapering at the bottom, ripening in the seventh and eighth months with a bright red color. Seeds inside resemble mantis heads. Now called Chi Bao Zi. Its root is Tu Gua Gen. Pale yellow roots grow on the fine roots, connected in groups of three to five, about the thickness of a thumb. Both root and seed are used. Red seeds treated with white earth treat Tou Feng (head wind/headache).