\r白薇\pd169.bmp\r
味苦、咸，平、大寒，无毒。主暴中风，身热肢满，忽忽不知人，狂惑邪气，寒热酸
疼，温疟洗洗，发作有时，疗伤中淋露，下水气，利阴气，益精。一名白幕，一名薇草，一
名春草，一名骨美。久服利人。生平原川谷。三月三日采根，阴干。（恶黄 、大黄、大戟
、干姜、干漆、山茱萸、大枣。）
陶隐居云∶近道处处有。根状似牛膝而短小尔。方家用，多疗惊邪，风狂，疰病。臣禹
锡等
谨按药性论云∶白薇，臣。能治忽忽睡不知人，百邪鬼魅。
图经曰∶白薇，生平原川谷，今陕西诸郡及滁、舒、润、辽州亦有之。茎、叶俱青，颇
类柳
叶
。六、七月开红花，八月结实。根黄白色，类牛膝而短小。三月三日采根，阴干用。今云八
月采。
雷公云∶凡采得后，用糯米泔汁浸一宿。至明取出去髭了，于槐砧上细锉蒸，从巳至申，
出
用。
\r菝（蒲八切） （弃八切）一\pd170.bmp\r
\r菝（蒲八切） （弃八切）二\pd171.bmp\r
味甘，平、温，无毒。主腰背寒痛，风痹，益血气，止小便利。生
山野。二月、八月采根，曝干。
陶隐居云∶此有三种，大略根、苗并相类。菝 茎紫，短小，多细刺，小减萆 而色深，
人
用作饮。唐本注云∶陶云三种相类，非也。萆 有刺者，叶粗相类，根不相类。萆 细长而
白，菝 根作块结，黄赤色，殊非狗脊之流也。臣禹锡等谨按日华子云∶治时疾瘟瘴。叶
治风肿，止痛，扑损，恶疮。以盐涂敷，佳。又名金刚根，又名王瓜草。
图经曰∶菝 ，旧不载所出州土，但云生山野，今近京及江浙州郡多有之。苗茎成蔓，
长二
、
三尺，有刺。其叶如冬青、乌药叶，又似菱叶差大。秋生黄花，结黑子。樱桃许大。其根作
块，赤黄色。二月、八月采根，曝干用。江浙间人呼为金刚根。浸赤汁以煮粉食，云啖之可
以辟瘴。其叶以盐捣，敷风肿恶疮等，俗用有效。田舍贫家亦取以酿酒，以风毒脚弱，痹满
上气，殊佳。
白薇
味苦、咸，性平、大寒，无毒。主治突然中风，身体发热、四肢胀满，神情恍惚、不知人事，狂乱迷惑及邪气侵袭，寒热往来、酸痛疼痛，温疟（一种以定时发冷发热为特征的疟疾）发作时瑟瑟恶寒，有固定的发作时间；治疗内伤导致的淋证漏下，通利下焦水气，疏通阴部气机，补益精气。又名白幕，又名薇草，又名春草，又名骨美。长期服用对人体有利。生长于平原川谷地带。三月三日采集根部，阴干。（忌与黄芩、大黄、大戟、干姜、干漆、山茱萸、大枣同用。）
陶弘景说：近处道路旁到处都有。根部形状像牛膝但更短小。方士用药，多用于治疗惊邪、风狂、注病（一种具有传染性或精神异常的疾病）。臣禹锡等人谨按《药性论》记载：白薇，属臣药。能治疗神情恍惚、嗜睡不知人事，以及百种邪气鬼魅之症。
《图经本草》说：白薇，生长于平原川谷，如今陕西各郡以及滁州、舒州、润州、辽州也有出产。茎、叶都是青色，很像柳叶。六、七月开红花，八月结果实。根呈黄白色，像牛膝但更短小。三月三日采集根部，阴干使用。现在有人说八月采集。
雷公说：凡是采得后，用糯米淘米水浸泡一夜。到第二天早晨取出，去掉须根，在槐木砧板上细细切碎蒸制，从巳时到申时，取出使用。
菝葜（蒲八切）（弃八切）一
味甘，性平、温，无毒。主治腰背寒冷疼痛，风痹（风湿痹痛），补益血气，止小便频数。生长在山野。二月、八月采集根部，晒干。
陶弘景说：这种药有三种，大致上根和苗都相似。菝葜茎呈紫色，短小，多细刺，比萆薢稍小且颜色更深，人们用作饮品。《唐本注》说：陶弘景说的三种相似，是不对的。萆薢有刺的，叶子粗糙相似，但根不相似。萆薢细长而白，菝葜根结成块状，呈黄赤色，完全不是狗脊那一类的。臣禹锡等人谨按《日华子本草》说：治疗时行瘟疫瘴气。叶子治疗风肿，止痛，跌打损伤，恶疮。用盐涂抹敷贴，效果佳。又名金刚根，又名王瓜草。
《图经本草》说：菝葜，旧籍未记载其产地，只说生长在山野，如今京城附近及江浙各州郡多有出产。苗茎长成藤蔓，长二、三尺，有刺。叶子像冬青、乌药的叶子，又似菱叶但稍大。秋天开黄花，结黑色果实，如樱桃大小。其根结成块状，呈赤黄色。二月、八月采集根部，晒干使用。江浙一带的人称它为金刚根。浸泡出红色汁液来煮粉食用，据说吃了可以辟除瘴气。其叶子用盐捣碎，敷治风肿恶疮等，民间使用有效。田舍贫家也取它来酿酒，治疗风毒引起的脚弱、痹痛胀满、气逆上冲，效果极佳。
Baiwei (Radix Cynanchi Tashiroi)
Taste: bitter, salty. Nature: neutral, very cold. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats sudden wind-stroke (stroke caused by wind pathogen), fever of the body, fullness and distension of the limbs, mental confusion with loss of consciousness, mania, delirium, and invasion by evil qi; alternating chills and fever, soreness and pain; warm malaria (a type of malaria characterized by periodic chills and fever) with shivering chills at onset, occurring at fixed times; treats internal injury leading to stranguria and leukorrhea, promotes the movement of water qi in the lower jiao, benefits yin qi, and nourishes essence. Also known as Baimu, Weicao, Chuncuo, and Gumei. Long-term use is beneficial to the human body. Habitat: grows in plains and river valleys. Harvest time: roots collected on the 3rd day of the 3rd lunar month, dried in shade. Contraindications: incompatible with Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Daji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Ganqi (Lacca Resina), Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus), and Dazao (Jujubae Fructus).
Tao Hongjing stated: It is found everywhere near roads. The root resembles Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix) but is shorter and smaller. Physicians often use it to treat fright-evil, wind-manic disorders, and zhu-disease (a disease characterized by transmission or mental abnormalities). Ministers Yu Xi et al., according to *Yaoxing Lun*, recorded: Baiwei is a minister herb. It can treat mental confusion, lethargy with loss of consciousness, and various evil spirits and demonic influences.
*Tu Jing Ben Cao* stated: Baiwei grows in plains and river valleys. Currently, it is also produced in various commanderies of Shaanxi, as well as in Chuzhou, Shuzhou, Runzhou, and Liaozhou. The stems and leaves are green, resembling willow leaves. It bears red flowers in the 6th and 7th lunar months and fruits in the 8th lunar month. The root is yellowish-white, resembling Niuxi but shorter and smaller. Roots are collected on the 3rd day of the 3rd lunar month and dried in shade for use. Some sources now state collection in the 8th lunar month.
Lei Gong stated: After harvesting, soak the root in rice washing water overnight. The next morning, take it out, remove the root hairs, finely chop it on a locust wood cutting board, and steam it from Si hour (09:00-11:00) to Shen hour (15:00-17:00), then take it out for use.
Baqia (Smilax Glabra Rhizome)
Taste: sweet. Nature: neutral, warm. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats cold pain in the waist and back, wind-bi (wind-dampness bi syndrome), nourishes blood and qi, and stops frequent urination. Habitat: grows in mountains and wild areas. Harvest time: roots collected in the 2nd and 8th lunar months, sun-dried.
Tao Hongjing stated: There are three types of this herb, generally similar in both roots and aerial parts. Baqia has purple stems, is short and small, has many fine thorns, is slightly smaller than Bibo (Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma), and is darker in color; people use it as a drink. *Tang Ben Zhu* noted: Tao's statement that the three types are similar is incorrect. For Bibo with thorns, the leaves are roughly similar, but the roots are not. Bibo is slender and white, whereas Baqia roots form tubers, are yellowish-red, and are completely different from Gouji (Cibotii Rhizoma). Ministers Yu Xi et al., according to *Rihua Zi Bencao*, recorded: Treats epidemic febrile diseases and miasma. Leaves treat wind-swelling, relieve pain, heal traumatic injuries, and treat malignant sores. Applying salt topically is effective. Also known as Jinganggen and Wangguacao.
*Tu Jing Ben Cao* stated: Baqia was not previously recorded with specific origins, only stating it grows in mountains and wild areas. Currently, it is abundant near the capital and in various prefectures of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The vines grow long, two to three chi, with thorns. The leaves resemble those of Dongqing (Ilex Cornuta) or Wuyao (Linderae Radix), and are slightly larger than those of Lingye (Trapa Natans). It bears yellow flowers in autumn and produces black fruits, about the size of a cherry. The roots form tubers, reddish-yellow in color. Roots are collected in the 2nd and 8th lunar months and sun-dried for use. People in Jiangsu and Zhejiang call it Jinganggen. Soaking it to extract red juice and boiling it with starch for food is said to ward off miasma. Its leaves, crushed with salt and applied topically, are effective for wind-swelling and malignant sores, commonly used by the folk. Poor rural families also use it to brew wine, which is excellent for treating wind-toxin causing leg weakness, bi-syndrome with fullness, and rebellious qi ascending.