\r石决明\pd424.bmp\r
味咸，平，无毒。主目障翳痛，青盲。久服益精轻身。生南海。
陶隐居云∶俗云是紫贝，定小异，亦难得。又云是鳆（步角切）鱼甲，附石生，大者如
手，明
耀五色，内亦含珠。人今皆水渍紫贝，以熨眼，颇能明。此一种，本亦附见在决明条，甲既
是异类，今为副品也。唐本注云∶此物是鳆鱼甲也，附石生，状如蛤，唯一片无对、七孔者
良。今俗用者紫贝，全别，非此类也。今注∶石决明，生广州海畔。壳大者如手，小者如三
、两指，其肉，南人皆啖之，亦取其壳，以水渍洗眼，七孔、九孔者良，十孔以上者不佳，
谓
是紫贝及鳆鱼甲，并误矣。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本云∶石决明，寒。又注云∶鳆鱼，主咳嗽，
啖之明目。又《图经》云∶今出莱州，即墨县南海内。三月、四月采之。日华子云∶石决明，
凉，明目。壳磨障翳。亦名九孔螺也。
图经曰∶石决明，生南海，今岭南州郡及莱州皆有之。旧说，或以为紫贝，或以鳆鱼甲。
按
∶紫贝即今人砑螺，古人用以为货币者，殊非此类。鳆鱼，王莽所食者，一边着石，光明可
爱，
自是一种，与决明相近耳。决明壳大如手，小者三、两指，海人亦啖其肉，亦取其壳，渍水
洗眼，七孔、九孔者良，十孔者不佳。采无时。
海药云∶主青盲、内障，肝肺风热，骨蒸劳极，并良。凡用先以面裹熟煨，然后磨去其
外
黑处，并粗皮了，烂捣之，细罗，于乳钵中再研如面，方∶堪用也。雷公云∶凡使，即是珍
珠母
也，先去上粗皮，用盐并东流水于大瓷器中，煮一伏时了，漉出拭干，捣为末，研如粉，却
入锅
子中，再用五花皮、地榆、阿胶三件，更用东流水于瓷器中，如此淘之三度，待干，再研一
万匝，方∶入药中用。凡修事五两，以盐半分，取则第二度煮，用地榆、五花皮、阿胶各十
两。服之十两，永不得食山桃，令人丧目也。胜金方∶治小肠五淋。石决明去粗皮甲，捣研
细，右件药如有软硬物淋，即添朽木细末，熟水调下二钱匕服。
衍义曰∶石决明，《经》云∶味咸，即是肉也。人采肉以供馔，及干致都下，北人遂为
珍味
。肉与壳两可用，方∶家宜审用之。然皆治目，壳研，水飞，点磨外障翳，登、莱州甚多。
味咸，性平，无毒。主治目障翳痛（眼睑或角膜上的遮蔽物引起的疼痛）、青盲（视力减退或失明）。长期服用可益精、轻身。产于南海。
陶隐居说：民间说是紫贝，其实略有不同，也很难得。又说是鳆鱼（鲍鱼）的甲壳，附着在石头上生长，大的像手掌一样，色泽明亮闪耀五色，内部也含有珍珠。现在人们都用紫贝用水浸泡后敷眼，颇能明目。这种药，原本也附在决明条下，因为甲壳属于异类之物，现在列为副品。《唐本草》注解说：此物是鳆鱼的甲壳，附着石头生长，形状像蛤蜊，只有一片没有配对、有七个孔的是上品。现在市面上用的紫贝，完全不同，不是这一类。现在的注释说：石决明，产于广州海边。壳大的像手掌，小的像三、两个手指，其肉，南方人都食用，也取其壳，用水浸泡洗眼，有七孔、九孔的是上品，十孔以上的不好，说是紫贝及鳆鱼甲，都搞错了。臣禹锡等人谨按《蜀本草》说：石决明，性寒。又注解说：鳆鱼，主治咳嗽，食用它能明目。又《图经》说：现在出产于莱州即墨县南海内。三月、四月采集。日华子说：石决明，性凉，明目。壳磨碎后可治障翳。也叫九孔螺。
《图经》说：石决明，产于南海，现在岭南各州郡及莱州都有。旧时说，有的认为是紫贝，有的认为是鳆鱼甲。考证：紫贝就是现在人说的砑螺，古人用来做货币的，完全不是这一类。鳆鱼，是王莽所吃的，一边贴着石头，光亮可爱，自是一种，与决明相近罢了。决明壳大的像手掌，小的像三、两个手指，海人也吃它的肉，也取它的壳，用水浸泡洗眼，七孔、九孔的是上品，十孔的不是上品。采集没有固定时间。
《海药本草》说：主治青盲、内障，肝肺风热，骨蒸劳极（阴虚发热至极），都很好。凡是使用，先用面包裹熟煨，然后磨去外面的黑色部分和粗皮，捣烂，细筛，在乳钵中再研成粉状，才堪用。雷公说：凡是用，就是珍珠母，先去掉上面的粗皮，用盐和东流水在大瓷器中，煮一个时辰，捞出擦干，捣为末，研成粉，再放入锅中，再用五花皮、地榆、阿胶三味药，加上东流水在瓷器中，如此淘洗三次，待干，再研一万次，才入药中使用。凡是修制五两，用盐半分，取第二次煮的时候，用地榆、五花皮、阿胶各十两。服用它十两，永远不能吃山桃，否则会使人失明。胜金方：治疗小肠五淋。石决明去掉粗皮甲，捣研细，右件药如果有软硬物淋，就添朽木细末，熟水调下二钱匕服用。
《衍义》说：石决明，《经》文说：味咸，就是肉。人们采肉供饮食，以及晒干送到京城，北方人遂把它当作珍味。肉与壳两者都可使用，方家应该仔细选用。然而都是治眼的，壳研碎，水飞，点磨外障翳，登州、莱州非常多。
Shijueming (Haliotidis Concha)
Salty in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats eye obstructions and pain caused by nebulae (opacities on the cornea or eyelids), and Qingmang (blindness or severe vision loss). Long-term consumption benefits essence (Jing) and lightens the body. It is produced in the South Sea.
Tao Hongjing stated: Folklore claims it is Zi Bei (Purple Shell), but there are slight differences, and it is also rare. It is also said to be the shell of the Bao Yu (Abalone/Fish), which grows attached to rocks. The large ones are as big as a hand, shining with five colors, and internally contain pearls. Nowadays, people soak Zi Bei in water and apply it to the eyes, which can somewhat improve vision. This substance was originally listed under the entry for Jueming (Cassiae Semen); since the shell belongs to a different category of organisms, it is now listed as a secondary item. The annotation in *Bencao Tujing* (Illustrated Materia Medica of the Tang Dynasty) states: This substance is the shell of the Bao Yu (Abalone/Fish), growing attached to rocks, resembling a clam, with only one piece without a pair; those with seven holes are considered superior. The Zi Bei currently used in practice is completely different and not of this type. Current annotations state: Shijueming is produced on the coast of Guangzhou. The shells are large like a hand when big, and small like three or two fingers when small. Its meat is eaten by southerners, and its shell is taken, soaked in water, and used to wash the eyes. Those with seven or nine holes are superior, while those with ten or more holes are not good. Identifying them as Zi Bei or Bao Yu shells is erroneous. Minister Yuxi et al. carefully noted according to *Shu Bencao*: Shijueming is cold in nature. Another annotation states: Bao Yu (Abalone/Fish) treats coughs, and consuming it brightens the eyes. Furthermore, *Tujing* states: It is currently produced in Nanhai within Jimo County, Laizhou. It is harvested in March and April. Rihua Zi stated: Shijueming is cool in nature and brightens the eyes. The shell, when ground, treats nebulae. It is also known as Jiukong Luo (Nine-Hole Snail).
*Tujing* states: Shijueming is produced in the South Sea, and is now found in various prefectures of Lingnan and Laizhou. Old theories suggested it might be Zi Bei or the shell of Bao Yu. Verification: Zi Bei is what people call Ya Luo (Polished Snail) today; it was used as currency by the ancients and is definitely not this type. Bao Yu, which Wang Mang ate, attaches to stones on one side, is bright and lovely, and is a distinct species, though similar to Jueming. The shell of Jueming is large like a hand, small like three or two fingers. Seafarers also eat its meat and take its shell, soaking it in water to wash the eyes. Those with seven or nine holes are superior, while those with ten holes are not. There is no fixed time for harvesting.
*Haiyao Bencao* states: It effectively treats Qingmang (blindness), Neizhang (internal cataracts), wind-heat of the Liver and Lung, and extreme bone-steaming consumptive fever. For use, first wrap the substance in flour and roast it thoroughly. Then grind away the outer black layer and coarse skin, pound it until soft, sieve it finely, and further grind it in a mortar until it becomes powder-like before it is ready for use. Leigong stated: When using it, ensure it is Zhenzhumu (Mother of Pearl). First remove the coarse outer skin. Boil it in a large porcelain vessel with salt and flowing water from the east for one shichen (two hours). Remove it, wipe it dry, pound it into powder, and grind it fine. Then place it back in a pot with Wuhua Pi (Bark of Five-Flower Tree), Diyu (Sanguisorbae Radix), and Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin), adding flowing water from the east in a porcelain vessel. Wash it three times in this manner. Once dry, grind it ten thousand times before incorporating it into medicinal preparations. For processing five liang, use half a fen of salt. Take the portion boiled during the second stage, using ten liang each of Diyu, Wuhua Pi, and Ejiao. After consuming ten liang of this preparation, one must never eat Shan Tao (Mountain Peach), as it will cause blindness. Shengjin Fang: Treats Xiaochang Wulin (Five types of strangury originating from the Small Intestine). Remove the coarse shell of Shijueming, pound and grind it finely. For the aforementioned ingredients, if the strangury involves hard or soft obstructions, add fine powder of rotten wood, mix with warm water, and administer two qianbi (small scoops).
*Yanyi* states: Regarding Shijueming, the Classics state: "Salty in flavor," referring to its meat. People harvest the meat for culinary purposes and dry it for transport to the capital, where northerns regard it as a delicacy. Both the meat and the shell are usable; practitioners should exercise careful selection. However, both are used to treat eye conditions. The shell, when ground and levigated with water, is applied to rub external nebulae. It is abundant in Dengzhou and Laizhou.