\r石胆\pd11.bmp\r
味酸、辛，寒，有毒。主明目、目痛，金疮，诸痫痉，女子阴蚀痛，石淋寒热，崩中
下血，诸邪毒瓦斯，令人有子，散症积，咳逆上气，及鼠 恶疮。炼饵服之，不老，久服增寿
神仙。能化铁为铜，成金银。一名毕石，一名黑石，一名棋石，一名铜勒。生羌道山谷、羌
里句青山。二月庚子、辛丑日采。（水英为之使，畏牡桂、菌桂、芫花、辛夷、白薇。）
陶隐居云∶《仙经》有用此处，俗方甚少，此药殆绝。今人时有采者，其色青绿，状如
琉璃
而有白纹，易破折。梁州、信都无复有，俗用乃以青色矾石当之，殊无仿佛。《仙经》一名
立制石。唐本注云∶此物出铜处有，形似曾青，兼绿相间，味极酸、苦，磨铁作铜色，此是
真者。陶云色似琉璃，此乃绛矾。比来亦用绛矾为石胆，又以醋揉青矾为之，并伪矣。真者
出蒲州虞乡县东亭谷窟及薛集窟中，有块如鸡卵者为真。臣禹锡等谨按吴氏云∶石胆，神农∶
酸，小寒。季氏∶
寒。桐君∶辛，有毒。扁鹊∶苦，无毒。药性论云∶石胆，君，有大毒。破热毒，陆英为使
。日华子云∶味酸、涩，无毒。治 牙，鼻内息肉。通透清亮，蒲州者为上也。
图经曰∶石胆，生羌道山谷、羌里句青山，今唯信州铅山县有之。生于铜坑中，采得煎
炼而
又有自然生者，尤为珍贵，并深碧色。入吐风痰药用最快。二月庚子、辛丑日采。苏恭云∶
真者，出蒲州虞乡县东亭谷窟及薛集窟中，有块如鸡卵者为真。今南方医人多使之。又着其
说云∶石胆最上出蒲州，大者如拳，小者如桃、栗，击之纵横解皆成叠纹，色青，见风久则
绿，击破其中亦青也。其次出上饶曲江铜坑间者，粒细有廉棱，如钗股米粒。本草注言，伪
者以醋揉青矾为之。今不然，但取粗恶石胆合硝石销溜而成。今块大色浅，浑浑无脉理，击
之则碎无廉棱者，是也。亦有挟石者，乃削取石胆床，溜造时投消汁中，及凝则相着也。
唐本余∶下血赤白，面黄，女子脏寒。外台秘要∶疗齿痛及落尽。细研石胆，以人乳汁
和
擦所痛齿上或孔中，日三、四度。止痛，复生齿，百日后复故齿。每日以新汲水漱令净。梅
师方∶治甲疽。以石胆一两，于火上烧令烟尽，碎研末，敷疮上。不过四、五度立瘥。胜金
方∶治一切毒。以胆子矾为末，用糯米糊丸如鸡头实大，以朱砂衣，常以朱砂养之，冷水化
一丸
，立瘥。又方∶治口疮众疗不效，胆矾半两，入银埚子内，火 通赤，置于地上，出火毒一
夜
，细研。每取少许敷疮上，吐酸水清涎，甚者，一两上便瘥。谭氏小儿方∶治国中风瘫缓。
一
日内，细研胆矾如面，每使一字许，用温醋汤下，立吐出涎，渐轻。太清伏炼灵砂法∶石胆
所
出嵩岳蒲州，禀灵石异气，形如瑟瑟。沈存中笔谈∶信州铅山有苦泉，流以为涧，挹其水熬
之，则成胆矾，烹胆矾即成铜，熬胆矾铁釜久之亦化为铜。
石胆
味酸、辛，性寒，有毒。主治明目、目痛，金疮（金属利器造成的创伤），各种癫痫痉挛，女子阴部蚀烂疼痛，石淋（尿路结石伴寒热症状），崩中下血（妇女非经期大量出血或淋漓不尽），各种邪气毒瓦斯，使人能够生育，消散症积（腹内结块），咳逆上气（咳嗽气喘），以及鼠瘘恶疮。经过炼制后服用，可以延缓衰老，长期服用能增加寿命，甚至成仙。能够化铁为铜，生成金银。又名毕石，又名黑石，又名棋石，又名铜勒。产于羌道山谷、羌里句青山。在二月庚子日、辛丑日采集。（水英作为其引经药/辅助药，畏惧牡桂、菌桂、芫花、辛夷、白薇。）
陶隐居说：《仙经》中有使用此药的地方，但民间方剂很少用，这种药几乎绝迹了。现在的人偶尔有采集的，它的颜色青绿，形状像琉璃但有白色纹理，容易破碎折断。梁州、信都两地不再有，民间常用青色矾石来代替，完全不像真的。《仙经》中又称它为立制石。《唐本草》注解说：这种物产在铜矿产地，形状像曾青，兼有绿色相间，味道极酸、苦，磨擦铁器会呈现铜色，这才是真品。陶隐居说颜色像琉璃，那是绛矾。近来也有人用绛矾冒充石胆，又有用醋揉搓青矾制成的，都是伪品。真品出产于蒲州虞乡县东亭谷窟及薛集窟中，有像鸡蛋大小的块状才是真品。臣禹锡等人谨按吴氏所说：石胆，神农认为味酸，小寒；季氏认为性寒；桐君认为味辛，有毒；扁鹊认为味苦，无毒。《药性论》说：石胆，属君药，有大毒。能破除热毒，陆英作为其辅助药。日华子说：味酸、涩，无毒。治疗龋齿，鼻内息肉。通透清亮的，以蒲州出产的为上品。
《图经》说：石胆，产于羌道山谷、羌里句青山，现在只有信州铅山县有。生长在铜坑中，采集后煎炼而成，也有自然生成的，尤为珍贵，呈深碧色。用于吐出风痰的药物中见效最快。在二月庚子日、辛丑日采集。苏恭说：真品出产于蒲州虞乡县东亭谷窟及薛集窟中，有像鸡蛋大小的块状才是真品。现在南方医生多使用它。他又详细论述说：石胆最好的产自蒲州，大的像拳头，小的像桃、栗，敲击时纵横裂纹都形成层叠纹理，颜色青，见风久了变绿，敲破中间也是青色的。其次产自上饶曲江铜坑间的，颗粒细且有棱角，像钗股和米粒。本草注说，伪品是用醋揉搓青矾制成的。现在不是这样，只是取粗糙劣质的石胆混合硝石熔化而成。现在的块大颜色浅，浑浊没有纹理，敲击则碎且无棱角的，就是伪品。也有夹杂石头的，是削取石胆床（矿脉底座），在熔化铸造时投入消汁中，凝固后就粘在一起了。
《唐本草》补充：治疗下血赤白，面色黄，女子脏寒。《外台秘要》：治疗牙痛及牙齿脱落。将石胆细细研磨，用人乳汁调和，擦拭疼痛的牙齿或牙孔中，每天三、四次。止痛，使牙齿再生，一百天后恢复原来的牙齿。每天用新汲水漱口使其洁净。《梅师方》：治疗甲疽（指甲周围脓肿）。用石胆一两，在火上烧至烟尽，捣碎研末，敷在疮上。不超过四、五次即可立即痊愈。《胜金方》：治疗一切毒。将胆子矾研成末，用糯米糊做成如鸡头实大小的丸药，用朱砂包裹，经常用朱砂养护，冷水化开一丸，立即痊愈。另一个方子：治疗口疮各种疗法无效，胆矾半两，放入银锅中，用火烧至通红，放在地上，去除火毒一夜，细细研磨。每次取少许敷在疮上，吐出酸水和清涎，严重的，一两后即可痊愈。《谭氏小儿方》：治疗中风瘫缓。一天内，将胆矾细细研磨如面粉，每次用一字许（约1-2克），用温醋汤送服，立即吐出涎液，逐渐减轻。《太清伏炼灵砂法》：石胆出产于嵩山、蒲州，禀受灵石异气，形状像瑟瑟（宝石）。沈存中《笔谈》：信州铅山有苦泉，水流成为溪涧，汲取其水熬煮，则成为胆矾，烹煮胆矾就能得到铜，熬煮胆矾的铁锅久了也会化为铜。
Shidan (Chalcanthite)
Taste: Sour, acrid; Nature: Cold; Toxicity: Toxic. Indications: Improves vision, treats eye pain, metallic wounds (injuries caused by metal weapons), various types of epilepsy and spasms, erosion and pain in the female genitalia, lithiasis with cold and fever sensations, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis (heavy or prolonged uterine bleeding unrelated to menstruation), various pathogenic qi and toxic vapors, promotes fertility, dissipates accumulations and masses (abdominal lumps), cough with rebellious Qi, and rat-sores (scrofula) and malignant ulcers. After refining and taking it orally, it prevents aging; long-term use increases longevity and may lead to immortality. It can transform iron into copper, and produce gold and silver. Alternative names: Bishi (Bishi Stone), Heishi (Black Stone), Qishi (Chess Stone), Tongle (Copper Le). Habitat: Valleys in Qiandao, Qing Mountain in Qiangliju. Harvest time: Gengzi day and Xinchou day in the second lunar month. (Shuiying [Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides] serves as its guiding herb; it is incompatible with Mugui [Cinnamomi Ramulus], Jungui [Cinnamomi Cortex], Yuanhua [Genkwa Flos], Xinyi [Magnoliae Flos], and Baiwei [Clerodendri Rhizoma].)
Tao Hongjing stated: The "Immortal Classics" mention the use of this substance here, but it is rarely used in folk prescriptions, and this drug is almost extinct. People occasionally collect it nowadays; its color is greenish-blue, resembling liuli (colored glaze) but with white veins, and it breaks easily. It is no longer found in Liangzhou and Xindu. Folk medicine uses green alum instead, which bears no resemblance to the genuine article. In the "Immortal Classics," it is also called Lizhishi (Lizhi Stone). The Commentary of the Tang Materia Medica states: This substance is found near copper deposits, resembling Cengqing (Azurite), mixed with green hues, with a very sour and bitter taste, and turns iron copper-colored when rubbed against it; this is the genuine product. Tao's description of a color resembling liuli refers to Jiangfan (Red Alum). Recently, some have used Jiangfan to substitute Shidan, or made fake products by kneading Qingfan (Green Alum) with vinegar; both are counterfeit. Genuine Shidan comes from Dongting Valley caves and Xueji Cave in Yuxiang County, Puzhou; pieces the size of a chicken egg are considered genuine. Minister Yuxi and others, according to Wu Shi: Shidan - Shen Nong: Sour, slightly cold; Ji Shi: Cold; Tong Jun: Acrid, toxic; Bian Que: Bitter, non-toxic. *Materia Medica on Properties* states: Shidan is a Sovereign herb, highly toxic. It breaks down heat toxins; Luying [Euphorbia humifusa] serves as its assistant herb. Ri Huazi stated: Sour, astringent, non-toxic. Treats dental caries and nasal polyps. Transparent and clear, those from Puzhou are superior.
The *Illustrated Classic* states: Shidan grows in valleys of Qiandao and Qing Mountain of Qiangliju; currently, only found in Yanshan County, Xinzhou. It grows in copper pits, obtained through collection and refining, though naturally occurring ones are especially precious and deep green in color. It acts most rapidly in emetics for wind-phlegm. Harvested on Gengzi and Xinchou days in the second lunar month. Su Gong stated: Genuine Shidan comes from Dongting Valley caves and Xueji Cave in Yuxiang County, Puzhou; pieces the size of a chicken egg are genuine. Physicians in the south often use it. He further elaborated: The best Shidan comes from Puzhou, large pieces like fists, small ones like peaches or chestnuts. When struck, cracks form layered patterns纵横ly; the color is green, turning greener upon long exposure to air, and the interior is also green. The next best grade comes from copper pits in Qujiang, Shangrao; grains are fine with sharp edges, resembling hairpins or rice grains. The Materia Medica commentary notes that counterfeits were made by kneading Qingfan with vinegar. This is no longer the case; now, coarse inferior Shidan is mixed with Nixiao (Saltpeter) and melted together. Current counterfeits are large, pale, opaque without grain structure, shatter easily without edges when struck. Some contain embedded stones, formed by shaving off the Shidan bed and adding slurry during casting, causing them to adhere upon solidification.
*Tang Ben Cao* supplements: Treats bloody dysentery (red and white discharge), sallow complexion, and cold uterus in women. *Waitai Miyao*: Treats toothache and tooth loss. Finely powder Shidan, mix with human breast milk, and apply to the painful tooth or socket three to four times daily. Relieves pain, promotes regrowth of teeth, restoring them to their original state after 100 days. Rinse thoroughly with fresh water daily. *Mei Shi Fang*: Treats Onychia (paronychia). Burn 1 liang of Shidan until smoke ceases, grind into powder, and apply to the wound. Healing occurs within four or five applications. *Shengjin Fang*: Treats all toxins. Powder Danzi Fan (Alum), form pills the size of a cockspur ginger using glutinous rice paste, coat with Zhusha (Cinnabar), and store with Cinnabar. Dissolve one pill in cold water for immediate cure. Another prescription: For mouth ulcers unresponsive to other treatments, take 0.5 liang of Danfan (Alum), place in a crucible, heat until red hot, remove fire toxicity by placing on ground overnight, grind finely. Apply a small amount to the ulcer daily, inducing vomiting of acid fluid and clear saliva; severe cases heal with one dose. *Tan Shi Xiao'er Fang*: Treats stroke-induced flaccid paralysis. Grind Danfan into flour-like powder within one day. Administer approximately 1 zi (approx. 1-2g) with warm vinegar water, inducing immediate expectoration of phlegm, leading to gradual improvement. *Taiqing Fuliian Lingsha Fa*: Shidan originates from Songshan and Puzhou, imbued with spiritual stone energy, resembling sese (gemstones). Shen Cunzhong's *Pen Tan*: Yanshan County, Xinzhou has bitter springs flowing into streams. Boiling the water yields Danfan (Alum); cooking Danfan produces copper; boiling Danfan in an iron pot over time transforms the pot into copper.