味甘，大寒，无毒。能除五脏积热伏气。末筛点眼及点眼药中用，甚去赤肿障翳涩
泪痛。（新补 见《药性论》并日华子。）
图经文已具朴硝条中。
经验方∶治食物过饱不消遂成痞鬲。马牙硝一两，碎之，吴茱萸半升陈者，煎取茱萸浓
汁投硝，乘热服，良久未转，更进一服，立愈。窦群在常州，此方得效。又方∶退翳明目白
龙散∶马
牙硝光净者，用浓纸裹令按实，安在怀内着肉处。养一百二十日取出研如粉，入少龙脑同研
细，不计年岁深远，眼内生翳膜，渐渐昏暗，远视不明，但瞳仁不破散并医得，每点用药末
两米许，点目中。简要济众∶治小儿鹅口。细研马牙硝，于舌上掺之，日三、五度。姚和众
∶治
小儿重舌。马牙硝涂舌下，日三度。太清伏炼灵砂法∶马牙硝，阴极之精，能制伏阳精，消
化火石之气。丹房镜源∶养丹砂，制 砂。
味苦，大寒，无毒。主风热癫痫，小儿惊邪螈 ，风眩头痛，肺壅，耳聋，口疮，喉
痹咽塞，牙颔肿痛，目赤热痛，多眵泪。生茂州西山岩石间。其形块大小不定，色青白。采
无时。（恶麦句姜。今附）
图经文附朴硝条下。
\r滑石\pd10.bmp\r
味甘，寒、大寒，无毒。主身热、泄 ，女子乳难，癃闭，利小便，荡胃中积聚寒
热，益精气，通九窍六腑津液，去留结，止渴，令人利中。久服轻身，耐饥，长年。一名液
石，一名共石，一名脱石，一名番石。生赭阳山谷及泰山之阴，或掖北白山，或卷山。采无
时。（石韦为之使，恶曾青。）
陶隐居云∶滑石，色正白，《仙经》用之以为泥。又有冷石，小青黄，性并冷利，亦能
熨油
污衣物。今出湘州、始安郡诸处。初取软如泥，久渐坚强，人多以作冢中明器物，并散热人
用之，不正入方药。赭阳县先属南阳，汉哀帝置，明《本经》所注郡县，必是后汉时也。掖
县，属青州东莱；卷县，属司州荣阳。唐本注云∶此石所在皆有。岭南始安出者，白如凝脂
，极软滑。其出掖县者，理粗质青白黑点，唯可为器，不堪入药。齐州南山神通寺南谷亦大
有
，色青白不佳，至于滑腻，犹胜掖县者。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶滑石，臣。一名夕冷。
能
疗五淋，主难产。服其末，又末与丹参、蜜、猪脂为膏，入其月即空心酒下弹丸大。临产倍
服，令滑胎易生。除烦热心躁，偏主石淋。陈藏器云∶按始安及掖县所出二石，形质既异，
所用又殊。陶云∶不知今北方有之否。当陶之时北方阻绝，不知之者，曷足怪焉。苏恭引
为一物，深可嗟讶。其始安者，软滑而白，是滑石。东莱者，硬涩而青，乃作器石也。南越
志云∶ 城县出 石， 石即滑石也。土人以为烧器以烹鱼。日华子云∶滑石治乳痈，利津
液。
图经曰∶滑石，生赭阳山谷及泰山之阴、或掖北白山、或卷山，今道、永、莱、濠州皆
有之。此有二种，道、永州出者，白滑如凝脂。《南越志》云∶ 城县出 石， 石即滑石
也。土
人以为烧器，用以烹鱼是也。莱、濠州出者，理粗质青，有白黑点，亦谓之斑石。二种皆可
作器用，甚精好。初出软烂如泥，久渐坚强，彼人皆就穴中乘其软时制作，用力殊少，不然
坚
《雷 炮炙方》滑石有五色，当用白色如方解石者。其绿色者，性寒有毒，不入药。又云∶
凡滑石似冰，白青色，画石上有白腻文者为真。如此说，则与今南中来者又皆相类，用之无
疑矣。然雷 虽名隋人，观其书乃有言唐以后药名者，或者后人增损之欤。或云∶沂州出一
种
滑石，甚佳，与《本经》所云泰山之阴相合。然彼土不取为药，故医人亦鲜知用之。今濠州
医
人所供青滑石，云性微寒，无毒。主心气涩滞。与《本经》大同小异。又吴录《地理志》及
《太康地记》云∶郁林州布山县多虺，其毒杀人，有冷石可以解之，石色赤黑，味苦，屑之
着疮中，并以切齿立苏。一名切齿石。今人多用冷石作粉，治痱疮，或云即滑石也，但味之
甘苦不同耳。按古方利小便，治淋涩，多单使滑石。又与石韦同捣末，饮服刀圭更快。又主
石淋发烦闷，取滑石十二分，研粉，分两服，以水和搅令散，顿服之。烦热定，即停后服。
未已，尽服必瘥。
雷公云∶凡使有多般，勿误使之。有白滑石、绿滑石、乌滑石、冷滑石、黄滑石。其白
滑石
方解石，色白，于石上画有白腻纹，方使得。滑石绿者，性寒，有毒，不入药中用。乌滑石
似色，画石上有青白腻纹，入用妙也。黄滑石色似金，颗颗圆。画石上有青黑色者，勿用
，杀人。冷滑石青苍色，画石上作白腻文，亦勿用。若滑石色似冰，白青色，画石上有白腻
文者，真也。凡使，先以刀刮，研如粉，以牡丹皮同煮一伏时，出，去牡丹皮取滑石，却用
东流水淘过，于日中晒干方用。圣惠方∶治乳石发动，躁热烦渴不止。滑石半两，细研如粉
以水一中盏，绞如白饮，顿服之，未瘥再服。又方∶治妇人过忍小便致胞转。滑石末，葱汤
调
下二钱匕。又方∶治膈上烦热多渴，通利九窍。滑石二两捣碎，以水三大盏，煎取二盏，去
滓
，下粳米二合煮粥，温温食之效。外台秘要∶疗妊娠不得小便，滑石末水和泥脐下二寸。广
利
方∶治气壅，关格不通，小便淋结，脐下妨闷兼痛。以滑石八分研如面，以水五大合，和搅
顿
服。杨氏产乳∶疗小便不通。滑石末一升，以车前汁和涂脐四畔，方四寸，热即易之，冬月
水
和亦得。丹房镜源∶滑石能制雄、雌黄为外匮。周礼∶以滑养窍。注云∶滑石也。凡诸物通
利，往来似窍。
衍义曰∶滑石，今谓之画石，以其软滑可写画，淋家多用。若暴得吐逆不下食，以生细
末贰
钱匕，温水服；仍急以热面半盏，押定。
【马牙硝】
味甘，性大寒，无毒。能清除五脏积热和伏气。研成细末筛过后点眼，或加入眼药中使用，能有效去除赤肿、障翳、涩痛和流泪。（新补充内容，见于《药性论》及日华子记载。）
图经文字已在朴硝条目中详述。
经验方：治疗因饮食过饱不消化而形成的痞块隔塞。取马牙硝一两，捣碎；陈年吴茱萸半升，煎煮提取浓汁，倒入硝中，趁热服用。若长时间未排便，再服一次，立即痊愈。窦群在常州时，此方见效。
又一方：退翳明目白龙散。选用光亮洁净的马牙硝，用厚纸包裹并按实，放置在贴身衣物内侧（怀中肉处）。养护一百二十天后取出，研磨成粉，加入少量龙脑共同研细。无论患病时间长短，只要眼睛内生翳膜，逐渐昏暗，视远物不清，但瞳仁未破裂散开的情况均可治愈。每次取米粒大小的药末点入眼中。
《简要济众方》：治疗小儿鹅口疮。将马牙硝细细研磨，撒在舌上，每日三至五次。
姚和众方：治疗小儿重舌。将马牙硝涂抹于舌下，每日三次。
《太清伏炼灵砂法》：马牙硝是阴极之精，能制约阳精，消化火石之气。
《丹房镜源》：用于养丹砂，制作砂剂。
【生硝】
味苦，性大寒，无毒。主治风热引起的癫痫、小儿惊邪抽搐、风眩头痛、肺壅、耳聋、口疮、喉痹咽塞、牙颌肿痛、目赤热痛、多眵泪。生于茂州西山岩石间。其形状块大小不定，颜色青白。随时可采。（畏麦句姜。今附注）
图经文字附在朴硝条目下。
【滑石】
味甘，性寒、大寒，无毒。主治身热、泄泻、女子乳汁不通、小便癃闭，通利小便，荡涤胃中积聚的寒热，补益精气，通利九窍六腑津液，去除留结，止渴，使人身体轻便。长期服用可轻身、耐饥、延年益寿。又名液石、共石、脱石、番石。生于赭阳山谷及泰山北坡，或掖县北面的白山，或卷山。随时可采。（石韦为其使药，畏曾青。）
陶隐居说：滑石颜色正白，《仙经》用它来做泥。又有冷石，颜色小青黄，性质也都冷利，也能用来熨烫油污衣物。现在出产于湘州、始安郡等地。刚开采时软如泥，久放后逐渐变硬，人们多将其制成墓穴中的照明器物，并供散热人使用，并不正规入药方。赭阳县先前属南阳郡，汉哀帝时设置，说明《本经》所注的郡县名称，必定是后汉时期的。掖县属青州东莱郡；卷县属司州荥阳郡。《唐本注》说：这种石头各地都有。岭南始安出产的，白如凝脂，极软滑。出产自掖县的，纹理粗糙，质地青白带黑点，只能做器物，不能入药。齐州南山神通寺南谷也大量出产，颜色青白不佳，至于滑腻程度，仍胜过掖县产的。臣禹锡等谨按《药性论》说：滑石，臣药。又名夕冷。能治疗五淋，主治难产。服用其粉末，或将粉末与丹参、蜂蜜、猪脂做成膏状，在预产期前空腹用酒送服弹丸大小。临产时加倍服用，使胎滑易生。除烦热心躁，主要治疗石淋。陈藏器说：按始安和掖县出产的两种石头，形态质地既不同，用途也不同。陶隐居说：不知道现在北方是否有。当陶隐居那个时代北方阻隔不通，不知道也不足为怪。苏恭将其引为一物，深可惊讶。始安出产的，软滑而白，是滑石。东莱出产的，硬涩而青，乃是制作器物的石头。《南越志》说：城县出产䃮石，䃮石就是滑石。当地人用来烧制器皿烹鱼。日华子说：滑石治疗乳痈，通利津液。
《图经》说：滑石，生于赭阳山谷及泰山北坡、或掖县北面白山、或卷山，现在道州、永州、莱州、濠州都有出产。这有两种，道州、永州出产的，白滑如凝脂。《南越志》说：城县出产䃮石，䃮石就是滑石。当地人用来烧制器皿，用以烹鱼，说的就是这个。莱州、濠州出产的，纹理粗糙质地青，有黑白斑点，也称为斑石。两种都可以做器物用，非常精良。刚出土时软烂如泥，久了逐渐变硬，当地人都在洞穴中趁其软时制作，用力很少，否则坚硬……
《雷公炮炙方》说：滑石有五色，应当使用白色如方解石的。绿色的，性寒有毒，不入药。又说：凡是滑石像冰，白青色，画石上有白腻纹的是真品。如此说来，则与现在从南方来的又都相似，使用没有疑问了。然而雷斅虽名为隋代人，看他的书却有提到唐代以后的药名，或许是后人增删修改的吧？有人说：沂州出产一种滑石，很好，与《本经》所说的泰山北坡相合。然而当地人不将其作为药物采集，所以医生也很少知道使用它。现在濠州医生所提供的青滑石，说性微寒，无毒。主治心气涩滞。与《本经》大同小异。又吴录《地理志》及《太康地记》说：郁林州布山县多毒蛇，其毒杀人，有冷石可以解毒，石头颜色赤黑，味苦，磨碎敷在疮口中，咬紧牙关立刻苏醒。一名切齿石。现在人多用冷石做粉，治疗痱疮，有人说就是滑石，只是味道甘苦不同罢了。按古方利小便，治疗淋涩，多单用滑石。又与石韦同捣成末，用水冲服刀圭量更快。又主治石淋发烦闷，取滑石十二分，研成粉，分两次服用，用水调和搅散，一次性服下。烦热定，就停止后续服药。如果没好，全部服完必痊愈。
雷公说：凡使用有多种，不要误用。有白滑石、绿滑石、乌滑石、冷滑石、黄滑石。其中白滑石即方解石，色白，在石头上画有白腻纹，才可以使用。绿色的滑石，性寒，有毒，不入药用。乌滑石似黑色，画石上有青白腻纹，入用妙。黄滑石色似金，颗颗圆。画石上有青黑色的，不要用，会杀人。冷滑石青苍色，画石上作白腻纹，也不用。如果滑石色似冰，白青色，画石上有白腻纹的是真品。凡使用，先用刀刮，研磨成粉，用牡丹皮同煮一个时辰，取出，去掉牡丹皮取滑石，再用东流水淘洗，在太阳下晒干才使用。《圣惠方》：治疗乳石发动，躁热烦渴不止。滑石半两，细研成粉，用水一中盏，绞出如白饮样的汁，一次性服下，未愈再服。又一方：治疗妇人强忍小便导致胞转。滑石末，葱汤调下二钱匕。又一方：治疗膈上烦热多渴，通利九窍。滑石二两捣碎，用水三大盏，煎取二盏，去渣，下粳米二合煮粥，温温食之有效。《外台秘要》：治疗妊娠不得小便，滑石末和水涂在脐下二寸。《广利方》：治疗气壅，关格不通，小便淋结，脐下妨闷兼痛。以滑石八分研如面粉，用水五大合，和匀搅散一次性服下。《杨氏产乳》：治疗小便不通。滑石末一升，用车前汁调和涂在脐四周，方圆四寸，热了就换，冬天用水和也可以。《丹房镜源》：滑石能制作雄黄、雌黄的外匮。《周礼》：以滑养窍。注解说：滑石也。凡诸物通利，往来似窍。
《衍义》说：滑石，现在称为画石，因为它软滑可写字画画，淋家多用。如果突然发生呕吐逆阻不能进食，用生细末二钱匕，温水服；同时急用热面半盏，按压固定。
[Mayaxiao (Horse-Tooth Nitre)]
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Very Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. It can eliminate accumulated heat and latent qi in the five zang organs. When sifted into fine powder for eye application or added to eye medicines, it is very effective in removing redness, swelling, nebula, astringency, tearing, and pain. (Newly supplemented content, found in *Yaoxing Lun* and recorded by Ri Huazi.)
The text from *Tu Jing* is detailed under the entry for Puxiao (Mirabilite).
Empirical Formula: For treating epigastric fullness and obstruction caused by overeating and indigestion. Take 1 liang of Mayaxiao, crush it; take half sheng of aged Evodia fruit (Wuzhuyu), decoct to extract a concentrated juice, pour it into the nitre, and drink while hot. If there is no bowel movement after a long time, administer another dose, and recovery will be immediate. This formula proved effective when Dou Qun was in Changzhou.
Another Formula: Bai Long San (White Dragon Powder) for reducing nebula and improving vision. Select bright and clean Mayaxiao, wrap it tightly in thick paper, and place it against the skin inside clothing. Maintain this for 120 days, then take it out and grind it into powder. Add a small amount of Borneol (Longnao) and grind finely together. Regardless of how long the disease has persisted, as long as the pupil is not ruptured or scattered, any nebula formed inside the eye, gradual dimness, and blurred distance vision can be cured. Apply approximately the size of a rice grain of the powder into the eye each time.
*Jian Yao Ji Zhong Fang*: For treating infant thrush. Finely grind Mayaxiao and sprinkle it on the tongue, three to five times daily.
Formula by Yao Hezhong: For treating infant double tongue. Apply Mayaxiao to the sublingual area, three times daily.
*Tai Qing Fu Lian Ling Sha Fa*: Mayaxiao is the essence of extreme Yin; it can restrain Yang essence and dissipate the qi of fire stones.
*Dan Fang Jing Yuan*: Used for nurturing cinnabar and processing sulfur compounds.
[Shengxiao (Raw Nitre)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Very Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. It primarily treats epilepsy due to wind-heat, pediatric convulsions and spasms due to fright, wind-dizziness and headache, lung congestion, deafness, mouth ulcers, throat bi with swallowing difficulty, swelling and pain of the jaw, red and hot painful eyes, excessive discharge and tearing. It grows on the rocks of West Mountain in Maozhou. The lumps vary in size, and the color is greenish-white. It can be harvested at any time. (It is incompatible with Maijujiang. Added note.)
The text from *Tu Jing* is appended under the entry for Puxiao.
[Hua Shi (Talcum)]
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Cold, Very Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. It treats fever, diarrhea, lactation difficulties in women, strangury and urinary retention, promotes urination, sweeps away accumulated cold and heat in the stomach, benefits essence and qi, unblocks the nine orifices and six fu organs' fluids, removes stagnation and accumulation, stops thirst, and makes the body feel light. Long-term use leads to a light body, resistance to hunger, and longevity. Also known as Yeshi, Gongshi, Tuoshi, and Fanshi. It grows in the valleys of Zheyang and on the north slope of Mount Tai, or in Baishan north of Yexian, or in Juan Mountain. It can be harvested at any time. (Pyrrosiae Folium is its assistant herb; it is incompatible with Tsengqing.)
Tao Hongjing stated: Hua Shi is pure white; *Xian Jing* uses it as mud. There is also Leng Shi, which is pale greenish-yellow, and both have cold and purgative properties; they can also be used to iron oil stains on clothes. Currently, it is produced in Xiangzhou, Shian Commandery, and other places. When first extracted, it is soft like mud, but gradually hardens over time. People often use it to make lighting vessels for tombs and for cooling purposes, but it is not formally used in prescriptions. Zheyang County previously belonged to Nanyang Commandery and was established during the reign of Emperor Ai of Han; thus, the commanderies and counties noted in *Ben Jing* must refer to those of the Later Han dynasty. Yexian belongs to Donglai Commandery, Qingzhou; Juan County belongs to Rongyang, Sizhou. *Tang Ben Zhu* states: This stone is available everywhere. Those from Shian in Lingnan are white like congealed fat and extremely smooth. Those from Yexian have coarse texture, are greenish-white with black spots, and can only be used for vessels, not for medicine. There is also a large production in the South Valley of Shentong Temple, South Mountain of Qizhou; the color is greenish-white but inferior, though its smoothness still surpasses that from Yexian.臣 Yuxi et al. carefully followed *Yaoxing Lun*, stating: Hua Shi is a minister herb. Also known as Xileng. It treats the five stranguries and difficult labor. Taking its powder, or making a paste with powder, Danshen, honey, and pig fat, and taking it orally with wine in the morning before eating when the delivery month arrives, helps. Double the dose at childbirth to facilitate easy delivery. It relieves vexation, heart heat, and restlessness, primarily treating stone strangury. Chen Cangqi stated: According to the two types from Shian and Yexian, their shapes and qualities differ, and their uses are distinct. Tao said: I do not know if it exists in the North now. During Tao's time, the North was blocked off, so ignorance is not surprising. Su Gong grouped them as one substance, which is deeply astonishing. The Shian variety is soft, smooth, and white, which is Hua Shi. The Donglai variety is hard, astringent, and green, which is a vessel-making stone. *Nan Yue Zhi* states: Cheng County produces Tan Shi, and Tan Shi is Hua Shi. Locals use it to fire vessels for cooking fish. Ri Huazi stated: Hua Shi treats breast abscesses and promotes fluid secretion.
*Tu Jing* states: Hua Shi grows in the valleys of Zheyang, the north slope of Mount Tai, Baishan north of Yexian, or Juan Mountain. Currently, it is found in Daozhou, Yongzhou, Laizhou, and Haozhou. There are two types. Those from Daozhou and Yongzhou are white and smooth like congealed fat. *Nan Yue Zhi* states: Cheng County produces Tan Shi, and Tan Shi is Hua Shi. Locals use it to fire vessels for cooking fish, referring to this. Those from Laizhou and Haozhou have coarse texture, are green with black and white spots, and are also called Ban Shi. Both types can be used for vessels and are of high quality. Initially soft and rotten like mud, they gradually harden. Locals carve them while soft in caves, requiring little effort; otherwise, they are hard...
*Lei Gong Pao Zhi Fang* states: Hua Shi comes in five colors; one should use the white type resembling Calcitum (Fangjie Shi). The green type is cold in nature and toxic, and is not used in medicine. It further states: Genuine Hua Shi resembles ice, is white-greenish, and has white greasy patterns when drawn on stone. With this description, it aligns with those coming from the South, leaving no doubt in usage. However, although Lei Xiao is named as a Sui dynasty person, his book mentions post-Tang medicinal names, suggesting later additions or modifications. Some say: Yizhou produces a superior type of Hua Shi, consistent with the north slope of Mount Tai mentioned in *Ben Jing*. However, locals do not harvest it for medicine, so physicians rarely know to use it. The green Hua Shi supplied by physicians in Haozhou is described as slightly cold and non-toxic, treating stagnant heart qi. This is largely similar to *Ben Jing* with minor differences. *Wu Lu Di Li Zhi* and *Tai Kang Di Ji* state: Bushan County in Yulin Prefecture has many vipers whose venom kills; Leng Shi can antidote it. The stone is reddish-black, bitter in taste, and when ground and applied to wounds, biting teeth brings immediate relief. Also known as Qichi Shi. Now, people often use Leng Shi powder to treat prickly heat, saying it is Hua Shi, differing only in bitter vs. sweet taste. Ancient formulas for promoting urination and treating strangury often used Hua Shi alone. Combined with Pyrrosiae Folium, ground to powder, and taken with water in the measure of Dao Gui, it acts faster. It also treats stone strangury with vexation and stuffiness: take 12 fen of Hua Shi, grind to powder, divide into two doses, mix with water, stir until dissolved, and take all at once. Once vexation and heat settle, stop subsequent doses. If not resolved, completing the dose ensures cure.
Lei Gong said: There are various types; do not mistake them. There are White Hua Shi, Green Hua Shi, Black Hua Shi, Cold Hua Shi, and Yellow Hua Shi. Among them, White Hua Shi is Fangjie Shi, white in color, with white greasy patterns on the stone, which is usable. Green Hua Shi is cold and toxic, not for medicinal use. Black Hua Shi is dark-colored, with blue-white greasy patterns on the stone, suitable for use. Yellow Hua Shi is gold-colored and round; those with blue-black patterns on the stone should not be used as they are poisonous. Cold Hua Shi is cyan-green, with white greasy patterns on the stone, also not to be used. Genuine Hua Shi resembles ice, is white-greenish, and has white greasy patterns when drawn on stone. To process: scrape with a knife, grind to powder, boil with Cortex Moutan for one shichen (two hours), remove, discard Moutan, take the Hua Shi, wash with flowing water from the east, and dry in the sun before use. *Sheng Hui Fang*: For treating "milk stone" activation causing restless heat, vexation, and unquenchable thirst. Grind 0.5 liang of Hua Shi to fine powder, add one zhong of water, squeeze to obtain a white liquid-like juice, and take in one dose. If not cured, take again. Another formula: For treating bladder torsion caused by holding urine too long. Take Hua Shi powder, mix with scallion soup, and swallow with two qianbi. Another formula: For upper diaphragm vexation, heat, and excessive thirst, unblocking the nine orifices. Crush 2 liang of Hua Shi, decoct in three zhong of water to reduce to two zhong, remove dregs, add two he of japonica rice, cook into porridge, and eat warm for efficacy. *Wai Tai Mi Yao*: For pregnancy with inability to urinate, mix Hua Shi powder with water to form mud, apply to two cun below the navel. *Guang Li Fang*: For qi congestion, guan-ge obstruction, strangury with結 (knotting), and lower abdominal discomfort/pain. Grind 8 fen of Hua Shi to flour consistency, mix with five he of water, stir well, and take in one dose. *Yang Shi Chan Ru*: For urinary obstruction. Take one sheng of Hua Shi powder, mix with juice of Plantago seed (Cheqian), apply around the navel in a four-cun square area; change when hot; using water in winter is also acceptable. *Dan Fang Jing Yuan*: Hua Shi can be used to prepare external containers for Realgar and Orpiment. *Zhou Li*: "Nourish orifices with slipperiness." Commentary states: Hua Shi. All things that promote flow and movement resemble orifices.
*Yan Yi* states: Hua Shi is now called Hua Shi (Drawing Stone) because it is soft and slippery for writing/drawing; it is frequently used by patients with strangury. If sudden vomiting occurs preventing food intake, take two qianbi of raw fine powder with warm water; simultaneously, press firmly with half a bowl of hot dough.