\r石蟹\pd41.bmp\r
味咸，寒，无毒。主青盲、目淫、肤翳及丁翳，漆疮。生南海。又云∶是寻常蟹尔，
年月深
久，水沫相着，因化成石，每遇海潮即飘出。又一般入洞穴，年深者亦然。皆细研水飞过
，入诸药相佐用之，点目良。（今附）
臣禹锡等谨按日华子云∶石蟹，凉。解一切药毒并蛊毒，催生，落胎，疗血晕，消痈，
治
天行热疾等。并熟水磨服也。又云浮石，平，无毒。止渴，治淋，杀野兽毒。
图经曰∶石蟹，出南海，今岭南近海州郡皆有之。体质石也，而都与蟹相似。或云∶是
海蟹多年
水沫相着，化而为石，每海潮风飘出，为人所得。又一种入洞穴，年深者亦然。醋磨敷
痈肿，亦解金石毒。采无时。
衍义曰∶石蟹，直是今之生蟹，更无异处，但有泥与粗石相着。凡用，须去其泥并粗石，
只用
蟹，磨合他药，点目中，须水飞。又云∶浮石水飞，治目中翳。今皮作家用之，磨皮上垢，
无出此石。石蟹条中云∶浮石，平，无毒。止渴，治淋，杀野兽毒，合于此条收入。
\r长石\pd42.bmp\r
味辛、苦，寒，无毒。主身热，胃中结气，四肢寒厥，利小便，通血脉，明目，去翳
眇，下三虫，杀蛊毒，止消渴，下气，除胁肋肺间邪气。久服不饥。一名方石，一名土石，
一名直石，理如马齿，方而润泽，玉色。生长子山谷及太山、临淄。采无时。
陶隐居云∶长子县属上党郡，临淄县属青州。俗方及《仙经》并无用此者。唐本注云∶
此石
同石膏而浓大，纵理而长，纹似马齿，今均州辽 山有之，土人以为理石者，是长石也。
图经曰∶长石，生长子山谷及泰山、临淄，今唯潞州有之。纹如马齿，方而润泽，玉色。
此
颇似石膏，但浓大，纵理而长，为别耳。采无时。谨按《本经》理石、长石，二物二条，
其
味与攻效亦别。又云理石如石膏，顺理而细。陶隐居云∶理石亦呼为长理石。苏恭云∶理石
皮黄赤，肉白，作斜理，不似石膏，市人刮去皮，以代寒水石，并当 石。今灵宝丹用长、
理石为一物。医家相承用者，乃似石膏，与今潞州所出长石无异，而诸郡无复出理石，医方
亦不见单用，往往呼长石为长理石。又市中所货寒水石，亦有带黄赤皮者，不知果是理石
否？
石蟹
味咸，性寒，无毒。主治青盲（视力模糊或失明）、目淫（眼部分泌物过多）、肤翳（角膜云翳）及丁翳（角膜星状翳），漆疮。产于南海。又说：就是寻常的螃蟹，年代久远后，海水泡沫附着其上，因而化为石头，每当海潮涨落时便漂浮出海面。又有一种进入洞穴中，年代久远的也会如此。使用时都需细细研磨，用水飞法处理，与其他药物配合使用，点入眼中效果良好。（今附）
臣禹锡等人谨按：日华子说：石蟹，性凉。能解各种药毒和蛊毒，催产，堕胎，治疗血晕，消散痈肿，治疗天行热病等。都用熟水磨汁服用。又说浮石，性平，无毒。止渴，治疗淋证，杀灭野兽毒素。
《图经本草》说：石蟹，产于南海，如今岭南沿海各州郡都有。体质如石，但外形都与螃蟹相似。有人说：是海蟹多年后海水泡沫附着，化而为石，每遇海潮风飘出，被人所得。又一种进入洞穴，年代久远的也是如此。用醋磨敷痈肿，也能解金石毒。采集没有固定时间。
《衍义》说：石蟹，其实就是现在的活蟹，没有其他不同之处，只是有泥土和粗石附着。凡是用它，必须去掉泥土和粗石，只用蟹体，与其他药物磨合，点入眼中，必须用水飞法。又说：浮石用水飞法，治疗眼中翳障。现在皮匠用它来磨去皮上的污垢，没有比这更好的石头了。石蟹条中说：浮石，性平，无毒。止渴，治淋，杀野兽毒，合并于此条收入。
长石
味辛、苦，性寒，无毒。主治身体发热，胃中结气，四肢寒厥，通利小便，疏通血脉，明目，去除翳眇，下三虫，杀蛊毒，止消渴，下气，消除胁肋肺间的邪气。长期服用不感到饥饿。又名方石，又名土石，又名直石，纹理像马齿，方形而润泽，呈玉色。产于长子山谷以及泰山、临淄。采集没有固定时间。
陶隐居说：长子县属上党郡，临淄县属青州。民间方剂和《仙经》都没有使用此药的记载。《唐本注》说：这种石头与石膏相同但更厚实巨大，纵向纹理且长，纹路像马齿，如今均州辽山有出产，当地人认为理石就是长石。
《图经本草》说：长石，产于长子山谷及泰山、临淄，如今只有潞州有出产。纹路像马齿，方形而润泽，呈玉色。这种石头颇似石膏，只是更厚实巨大，纵向纹理且长，以此作为区别。采集没有固定时间。谨按《本经》，理石、长石，两种物品分列两条，其味道和功效也不同。又说理石像石膏，顺纹理而细。陶隐居说：理石也叫长理石。苏恭说：理石皮黄赤，肉白，呈斜纹，不像石膏，市人刮去皮，用来代替寒水石，并当作石。如今灵宝炼丹用长石、理石为一种物品。医家相传使用的，乃似石膏，与如今潞州所出的长石无异，而各郡不再有理石出土，医方中也未见单独使用，往往称长石为长理石。又市中售卖的寒水石，也有带黄赤皮的，不知果真是理石吗？
Shixie (Stone Crab)
Salty in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats Qingmang (blindness or blurred vision), Muyin (excessive ocular discharge), Fuyi (corneal nebula), and Dingyi (stellate corneal opacity), as well as Qichuang (lacquer dermatitis). Produced in the South Sea. It is also said to be ordinary crabs; after a long period, sea foam adheres to them, transforming into stone. They float out whenever there is a sea tide. Another type enters caves, and those of long duration undergo similar transformation. All are finely ground and processed by water levigation (Shuifei), used in combination with other herbs, and applied to the eyes for good effect. (Currently appended)
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note: Rihua Zi states that Shixie is cool in nature. It resolves all kinds of herbal toxicity and Gu poison (parasitic disease/toxin), induces labor, aborts fetuses, treats Xueyun (blood syncope), dissipates abscesses, and treats Tianxing Reji (epidemic febrile diseases). It is taken by grinding with warm water. It is also stated that Fusshi (Floating Stone) is neutral in nature and non-toxic. It relieves thirst, treats Lin syndrome (dysuria), and kills wild beast toxins.
Tu Jing Ben Cao states: Shixie is produced in the South Sea, and is now found in coastal prefectures of Lingnan. Its texture is stony, yet its shape resembles a crab. Some say it is sea crabs that, over many years, have had sea foam adhere to them, turning into stone, floating out with the tide, and being collected by people. Another type enters caves, undergoing the same process over time. Ground with vinegar and applied externally, it can also resolve metal and stone toxicity. There is no fixed time for collection.
Yan Yi states: Shixie is simply the living crab of today, with no other differences, except for the mud and coarse stones adhering to it. When used, one must remove the mud and coarse stones, using only the crab body. It is ground with other medicines and applied to the eyes, requiring water levigation. It is also said that Fusshi, when water-levigated, treats ocular opacities. Currently, leather workers use it to grind off dirt from leather; no stone is better for this purpose. In the Shixie entry, it is mentioned: Fusshi is neutral and non-toxic, relieves thirst, treats Lin syndrome, and kills wild beast toxins; this should be merged into this entry.
Changshi (Long Stone)
Pungent and bitter in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats Shenre (body heat), Weizhong Jieqi (stagnant Qi in the stomach), Sizhi Hanjue (cold extremities), promotes urination, unblocks blood vessels, brightens the eyes, removes opacities, expels three types of parasites, kills Gu poison, relieves Xiaoke (wasting-thirst), directs Qi downward, and eliminates pathogenic factors in the hypochondrium and lungs. Long-term consumption prevents hunger. Also known as Fangshi, Tushi, and Zhishi. The texture resembles horse teeth, square and moist, with a jade-like color. Produced in Changzi Valley, Mount Tai, and Linzi. There is no fixed time for collection.
Tao Hongjing states: Changzi County belongs to Shangdang Commandery, and Linzi County belongs to Qingzhou. Neither folk prescriptions nor the "Xian Jing" (Scripture of Immortals) mention the use of this stone. Tang Ben Zhu states: This stone is similar to Gypsum but thicker and larger, with longitudinal grain and length, and patterns resembling horse teeth. It is currently produced in Liao Mountain, Junzhou. Locals consider Lizhi (Rational Stone) to be Changshi.
Tu Jing Ben Cao states: Changshi is produced in Changzi Valley, Mount Tai, and Linzi, and is now only found in Luzhou. The pattern resembles horse teeth, square and moist, with a jade-like color. This stone is quite similar to Gypsum, differing only in being thicker, larger, and having longitudinal grain and length. There is no fixed time for collection. Respectfully noting the Ben Jing, Lizhi and Changshi are listed as two separate items with different flavors and effects. It is also stated that Lizhi resembles Gypsum, with fine longitudinal grain. Tao Hongjing says Lizhi is also called Changlizhi. Su Gong says Lizhi has yellow-red skin and white flesh, with oblique grain, unlike Gypsum. Merchants scrape off the skin and use it to substitute Hanshui Shi (Cold Water Stone) and Dangshi. Currently, Lingbao alchemists treat Changshi and Lizhi as one substance. Physicians traditionally use a substance resembling Gypsum, which is indistinguishable from the Changshi produced in Luzhou. However, Lizhi is no longer found in various commanderies, and medical formulas rarely show its single use; often, Changshi is referred to as Changlizhi. Furthermore, the Hanshui Shi sold in markets sometimes has yellow-red skin; it is unknown if this is truly Lizhi.