\r秦龟\pd420.bmp\r
味苦，无毒。主除湿痹气，身重，四肢关节不可动摇。生山之阴土中。二月、八月取
。
陶隐居云∶此即山中龟不入水者。形大小无定，方药不甚用。龟类虽多，入药正有两种
尔
。又有鸯龟，小狭长尾，乃言疗蛇毒，以其食蛇故也。用以卜则吉凶正反，带秦龟前 （乃
到
切）骨，令人入山不迷。广州有 （子夷切） （以规切），其血甚疗俚人毒箭伤。唐本注
云∶
龟腹折，见蛇则呷而食之。荆楚之间谓之呷蛇龟也。秦龟即 是，更无别也。今按∶陈
藏器本草云∶龟溺，主耳聋，滴耳中瘥。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经云∶今江南、岭南并有。冬
月藏土中，春夏秋即游溪谷。今据《尔雅》，摄龟，即小龟也。腹下曲折，能自开闭，好食
蛇
，江东呼为陵龟，即夹蛇龟也。又灵龟出涪陵郡，大甲可以卜，似玳瑁，即 龟也。一名
灵
。能鸣，今苏言秦龟即 ，非为通论。且陶注∶ 但疗箭毒，则与《本经》主治不同。
入水者，而云秦龟应以地名为别故也。陈藏器云∶苏云秦龟即是
。按 生海水中，生山阴者非 矣。今秦龟是山中大龟，如碑下者。食草根、竹笋，
深山谷有之，卜人取以占山泽。汉书十朋有山龟，即是此也。揭取甲，亦如 堪饰器物。
陈土良云∶ 龟腹下横折，秦人呼 ，山龟是也。肉寒，有毒。主筋脉。凡扑损，便取血
作酒食。肉生研浓涂，立效。日华子云∶ ，平，微毒。治中刀箭闷绝，刺血饮便瘥。皮
甲名 皮，治血疾，若无生血，煎汁代之，亦可宝装饰物。又云∶夹蛇龟，小，黑，中心折
者无用，不可食。肉可生捣 敷蛇毒。
图经曰∶秦龟，山中龟，不入水者是也，生山之阴土中。或云秦以地称，云生山之阴者
是，
秦
山
中龟，其形大小无定，大者有如碑跌，食草根、竹萌，冬月藏土中，至春而出，游山谷中。
今市肆间人或畜养为玩，至冬而埋土穴中。然药中稀用，卜人亦取以占山泽，揭取其甲，亦
堪饰器物。《尔雅》所谓山龟者，岂是此欤。水中龟，其骨白而浓，色至分明，所以供卜人
及入药用，以长一尺二寸为善。《尔雅》亦有水龟，又一种 龟，小狭长尾，腹下有横折，
见蛇则呷而食之，江东人谓之陵龟，即《尔雅》所谓小龟也，亦入药用，能疗蛇毒。又一种
（子夷切） （以规切），大甲，可以卜，即《尔雅》所谓灵龟也。陶、苏以此为秦龟。
按∶
《岭表录异》云∶ ，俗谓之兹夷，盖山龟之大者，人立背上，可负而行。潮、循间甚多，
乡人取壳，以生得全者为贵。初用木楔其肉，龟被楚毒，鸣吼如牛，声动山谷，工人以其甲
通明黄色者，煮拍陷玳瑁为器，今所谓龟筒者是也。据此乃别是一种山龟，未必是此秦龟也
。其入药亦以生脱者为上。凡龟之类甚多，而时人罕复遍识，盖近世货币所不用，而知卜术
者亦稀，唯医方∶时用龟甲，故尔弗贵矣。方∶书中又多用败龟，取钻灼之多者，一名漏天
机。一说，入药须用神龟，神龟底壳当心前，有一处四方透明如琥珀色者是矣。其头方，壳
圆，脚
分别也
。又，药中用龟尿，最难得。孙光宪《北梦琐言》载其说云∶道士陈钊，言龟之性妒，而与
蛇交，或雌蛇至，有相趁斗噬，力小者或至毙。采时取雄龟，于瓷碗中，或小盘中置之，于
后
以鉴照，龟既见鉴中影，往往淫发而失尿，急以物收取。又以纸炷火上 热，以点其尻，亦
致失尿，然不及鉴照之快也。
陈藏器 ，秦龟注∶陶云广州有 ，其血主俚人毒箭。按 ，人被毒箭伤，烦闷
欲死
者。剖取血敷伤处，此是焦铜及螯汁毒，南人多养用之，似龟，生海边。有甲纹，堪为物饰
。海药云谨按《正经》云∶生在广州山谷。其壳，味带苦，治妇人赤白漏下，破积症，
顽风冷痹，关节气壅，或经卜者更妙。凡甲炙令黄，然后入药中。抱朴子， 龟啖蛇，南从
皆带
龟之尾以辟蛇。蛇中人，刮此物以敷之，其疮亦使愈。
衍义曰∶秦龟，即生于秦者。秦地山中多老龟，极大而寿。龟甲即非只秦地有，四方∶
皆有
之，但取秦地所出，大者为胜。今河北独流钓台甚多。取龟筒治疗，亦入众药。只此二种，
各逐
本条，以其灵于物，方∶家故用以补心，然甚有验。
秦龟
味苦，无毒。主治湿痹之气，身体沉重，四肢关节不能动摇。生长在山的背阴处土壤中。二月、八月采集。
陶隐居说：这就是山中不进入水的龟。形体大小不定，方药中不常用。龟类虽然多，入药的只有两种罢了。又有鸯龟，小且狭长尾，据说能治疗蛇毒，因为它吃蛇的缘故。用来占卜则吉凶正反相反，佩戴秦龟前（乃到切）骨，让人进山不迷路。广州有一种（子夷切）（以规切），其血很能治疗俚人毒箭伤。《唐本草》注解说：龟腹折断，见到蛇就吞食它。荆楚之间叫它呷蛇龟。秦龟就是这种，没有别的区别了。现在考证：陈藏器《本草》说：龟尿，主治耳聋，滴入耳中痊愈。臣禹锡等谨按《蜀本图经》说：现在江南、岭南都有。冬月在土中藏匿，春夏秋就在溪谷中游动。现在根据《尔雅》，摄龟，就是小龟。腹下曲折，能自己开闭，喜欢吃蛇，江东叫它陵龟，就是夹蛇龟。又有灵龟出在涪陵郡，大甲可以用来占卜，像玳瑁，就是灵龟。一名灵。能鸣叫，现在苏颂说秦龟就是灵龟，不是通论。而且陶弘景注：只治疗箭毒，则与《本经》主治不同。入水的，而说秦龟应以地名为区别的原因。陈藏器说：苏颂说秦龟就是灵龟。按灵龟生在海水中，生在山的背阴处的就不是灵龟了。现在的秦龟是山中的大龟，像碑座那样的。吃草根、竹笋，深山谷中有，占卜的人取来占测山泽。《汉书》十朋有山龟，就是这种。揭开取其甲，也可以装饰器物。陈士良说：龟腹下横折，秦人叫它，山龟就是这种。肉寒，有毒。主治筋脉。凡是扑打损伤，就取血做成酒食。肉生研浓涂，立即见效。日华子说：平，微毒。治疗中刀箭闷绝，刺血饮用就痊愈。皮甲名叫皮，治血疾，如果没有生血，煎汁代替，也可以宝贵地装饰物品。又说：夹蛇龟，小，黑，中心折的无用，不可吃。肉可生捣敷蛇毒。
《图经》说：秦龟，山中龟，不进入水的就是，生长在山的背阴处土壤中。有人说秦以地名称呼，说生在山的背阴处的是，秦山中龟，其形大小不定，大的有如碑跌，吃草根、竹萌，冬月在土中藏匿，到春天而出，游在山谷中。现在市肆间有人畜养作为玩赏，到冬天就埋在土穴中。然而药中很少用，占卜的人也取来占测山泽，揭开取其甲，也可以装饰器物。《尔雅》所说的山龟，难道是这个吗？水中的龟，其骨白而浓，色至分明，所以供占卜的人和入药用，以长一尺二寸为好。《尔雅》也有水龟，又一种龟，小狭长尾，腹下有横折，见到蛇就吞食它，江东人叫它陵龟，就是《尔雅》所说的小龟，也入药用，能治疗蛇毒。又一种（子夷切）（以规切），大甲，可以占卜，就是《尔雅》所说的灵龟。陶弘景、苏颂把它当作秦龟。
按：《岭表录异》说：，俗称为兹夷，大概是山龟中大的，人站在背上，可以背负而行。潮、循间很多，乡人取壳，以生得全者为贵。初时用木楔其肉，龟被痛苦，鸣吼如牛，声动山谷，工人以其甲通明黄色者，煮拍陷玳瑁为器，现在所谓的龟筒就是这种。据此乃是另一种山龟，未必是此秦龟。其入药也以生脱的为上。凡龟之类很多，而时人很少再遍识，大概近世货币所不用，而知卜术的人也少，只有医方时常使用龟甲，所以就不贵重了。方：书中又多使用败龟，取钻灼次数多的，一名漏天机。一说，入药须用神龟，神龟底壳当心前，有一处四方透明如琥珀色的是了。其头方，壳圆，脚分别也。又，药中用龟尿，最难得。孙光宪《北梦琐言》记载其说法说：道士陈钊，说龟的性格嫉妒，而与蛇交配，或雌蛇至，有相互追逐斗噬，力气小的甚至致死。采时取雄龟，在瓷碗中，或小盘中放置，在后面以镜照，龟既看见镜中影，往往淫发而失尿，急以物收取。又以纸炷火上加热，以点其尻，也导致失尿，然而不及镜照之快。
陈藏器，秦龟注：陶弘景说广州有，其血主治俚人毒箭。按，人被毒箭伤，烦闷欲死者。剖取血敷伤处，这是焦铜及螫汁毒，南人多养用它，似龟，生海边。有甲纹，可以作为物品装饰。海药云谨按《正经》说：生在广州山谷。其壳，味带苦，治妇人赤白漏下，破积症，顽风冷痹，关节气壅，或者经过占卜者更妙。凡甲炙令黄，然后入药中。抱朴子，龟啖蛇，南从皆带龟之尾以辟蛇。蛇中人，刮此物以敷之，其疮也使愈。
衍义说：秦龟，即生于秦地的。秦地山中多老龟，极大而寿。龟甲即不只秦地有，四方都有，但取秦地所出的，大的为胜。现在河北独流钓台很多。取龟筒治疗，也入众药。只此二种，各逐本条，因其灵于物，方家故用以补心，然而甚有效验。
Qin Gui (Shan Gui, Mountain Turtle)
Bitter in taste, non-toxic. Primarily treats damp-bi syndrome (painful obstruction due to dampness), heaviness of the body, and immobility of the limbs and joints. Grows in the soil on the shady side of mountains. Harvested in the second and eighth lunar months.
Tao Hongjing stated: This is the turtle that lives in the mountains and does not enter water. Its size varies, and it is not commonly used in prescriptions. Although there are many types of turtles, only two are used medicinally. There is also the Yang Gui (Yuan Gui, a type of turtle), which is small with a narrow, long tail; it is said to treat snake venom because it eats snakes. It is used for divination where the results are opposite to those expected. Wearing the anterior bone of Qin Gui (pronounced 'nai dao') prevents one from getting lost in the mountains. In Guangzhou, there is a species (pronounced 'zi yi' and 'yi gui'); its blood effectively treats wounds from poisonous arrows inflicted by the Li people. The *Tang Bencao* commentary notes: When the turtle's plastron is broken, it swallows and eats snakes. In Jingchu, it is called Xi She Gui (Swallowing Snake Turtle). Qin Gui is this species, with no other distinction. Current research indicates: Chen Cangqi's *Bencao* states: Turtle urine treats deafness; dripping it into the ear cures the condition. Ministers Yu Xi et al., according to the *Shu Ben Tu Jing*, state: It is now found in Jiangnan and Lingnan. It hides in the soil during winter and swims in streams and valleys during spring, summer, and autumn. According to the *Erya*, She Gui (Capturing Turtle) is a small turtle. Its plastron is folded and can open and close itself; it likes eating snakes. In Jiangdong, it is called Ling Gui (Hill Turtle), which is the Jia She Gui (Clamping Snake Turtle). Another species, Ling Gui (Spirit Turtle), comes from Fuling Commandery; its large carapace is used for divination, resembling the hawksbill sea turtle (*Eretmochelys imbricata*). Also known as Ling. It can make sounds. Su Song currently claims Qin Gui is Ling Gui, which is not a comprehensive theory. Moreover, Tao's commentary mentions treating arrow poison, which differs from the *Shennong Bencao Jing*'s indications. For aquatic turtles, Qin Gui should be distinguished by place name. Chen Cangqi stated: Su Song claimed Qin Gui is Ling Gui. However, Ling Gui lives in seawater; those living on the shady side of mountains are not Ling Gui. Current Qin Gui refers to large mountain turtles, similar to stone stele bases. They eat grass roots and bamboo shoots and are found in deep valleys. Diviners use them to predict fortune in mountains and marshes. The *Book of Han* mentions "mountain turtles," referring to this species. Their shells can be harvested and used to decorate objects. Chen Shiliang stated: The turtle has a transverse fold on the plastron; Qin people call it [Name missing], and mountain turtles are this type. The meat is cold in nature and toxic. It treats tendon and vessel conditions. For any blunt trauma or injury, the blood is taken and made into wine or food. Raw meat ground into a thick paste applied topically yields immediate results. Ri Hua Zi stated: [It is] neutral, slightly toxic. It treats coma caused by knife or arrow wounds; pricking the skin and drinking the blood cures the condition. The skin and shell are named Pi (Skin/Turtle Shell), treating blood disorders. If fresh blood is unavailable, decocted juice can be substituted, which is also valuable for decoration. Furthermore, Jia She Gui is small, black, and useless if the center is folded; it cannot be eaten. The meat can be ground raw and applied to treat snake venom.
The *Tu Jing* states: Qin Gui is the mountain turtle that does not enter water, growing in the soil on the shady side of mountains. Some say "Qin" refers to a place name, claiming those living on the shady side of Qin Mountains are the true ones. These mountain turtles vary in size, with some as large as stele bases. They eat grass roots and bamboo sprouts, hide in the soil in winter, emerge in spring, and roam in valleys. Currently, some keep them in markets for amusement, burying them in soil holes in winter. However, they are rarely used in medicine. Diviners also use them for prediction, harvesting their shells for decoration. Is the "mountain turtle" mentioned in the *Erya* this species? Aquatic turtles have white, dense bones with clear colors, making them suitable for diviners and medicinal use; those one chi and two cun long are considered best. The *Erya* also mentions aquatic turtles and another species of turtle with a small, narrow, long tail and a transverse fold on the plastron; it eats snakes upon sight. People in Jiangdong call it Ling Gui, corresponding to the "small turtle" in the *Erya*. It is also used medicinally to treat snake venom. Another species (pronounced 'zi yi' and 'yi gui') has a large carapace used for divination, corresponding to the "Ling Gui" in the *Erya*. Tao Hongjing and Su Song identified this as Qin Gui.
According to analysis: The *Lingbiao Luyi* states: [Name missing], commonly called Zi Yi, is likely a large mountain turtle. A person can stand on its back, and it can carry them. They are abundant in Chao and Xun regions. Locals harvest the shells, valuing complete ones obtained alive. Initially, wooden wedges are driven into the flesh, causing the turtle great pain; it screams and roars like an ox, shaking the valley. Workers take the transparent yellowish shells, boil and flatten them against tortoiseshell to make vessels, known today as "Gui Tong" (Turtle Tube). Based on this, it seems to be a different kind of mountain turtle, not necessarily this Qin Gui. For medicinal use, naturally shed shells are superior. There are many types of turtles, but contemporary people rarely recognize them all. Since they are no longer used as currency and few know divination techniques, only medical prescriptions frequently use turtle shells, hence their low value. Prescriptions often use "broken turtles" (old/damaged shells), specifically those with many drilling/burning marks, also known as Lou Tian Ji. One view holds that for medicinal use, "Divine Turtles" must be used; these have a square, amber-transparent spot on the front center of the plastron. Their heads are square, shells round, and legs distinct. Furthermore, turtle urine is hardest to obtain. Sun Guangxian's *Beimeng Suoyan* records a method: Daoist Chen Zhao stated that turtles are jealous and mate with snakes. If a female snake approaches, they may fight and bite, sometimes killing the weaker one. To collect urine, take a male turtle, place it in a porcelain bowl or small plate, and hold a mirror behind it. Seeing its reflection, the turtle often becomes aroused and releases urine, which is quickly collected. Alternatively, heat a paper wick over fire and touch the cloaca; this also induces urination but is less effective than using a mirror.
Chen Cangqi, note on Qin Gui: Tao stated that in Guangzhou there is [Species], whose blood treats Li people's arrow poison. Analysis: When a person is wounded by a poisoned arrow, feeling suffocated and near death, the blood is extracted and applied to the wound. This treats poison from scorched copper and stinging juices. Southerners raise them; they resemble turtles and live by the sea. They have patterned shells suitable for decoration. *Haiyao* states: According to the "Zhengjing," it grows in the mountains and valleys of Guangzhou. Its shell, bitter in taste, treats leukorrhea (red and white discharge) in women, breaks up accumulations and masses, treats stubborn wind-cold bi syndrome, and qi stagnation in joints. It is even better if obtained from diviners. Generally, the shell is roasted until yellow before being added to prescriptions. *Baopuzi* states: Turtles eat snakes. Southerners always carry turtle tails to repel snakes. For snakebites, scraping this material and applying it heals the wound.
*Yanyi* states: Qin Gui refers to those born in Qin. Qin mountains have many old turtles, extremely large and long-lived. Turtle shells are not exclusive to Qin; they are found everywhere, but those from Qin, especially large ones, are superior. Currently, there are many in Duli Diaotai, Hebei. Turtle tubes are used for treatment and included in various prescriptions. Only these two types are listed separately in their respective sections. Because they are spiritually potent among creatures, medical practitioners use them to tonify the heart, and they are indeed effective.