\r紫菀\pd154.bmp\r
味苦、辛，温，无毒。主咳逆上气，胸中寒热结气，去蛊毒，痿蹶，安五脏，疗咳唾
脓血，止喘悸，五劳体虚，补不足，小儿惊痫。一名紫茜，一名青苑。生房陵山谷及真定、
邯郸。二月、三月采根，阴干。款冬为之使，恶天雄、瞿麦、雷丸、远志，畏茵陈蒿。陶隐
居云∶近道处处有，生布地，花亦紫，本有白毛，根甚柔细。有白者名白菀，不复用。唐本
注云∶白菀即女菀也。疗体与紫菀同。无紫菀时亦用白菀。陶云不复用，或者未悉。臣禹锡
等谨按药性论云∶紫菀，臣，味苦，平。能治尸疰，补虚，下气及胸胁逆气，治百邪鬼魅
，
劳气虚热。日华子云∶调中及肺痿吐血，消痰止渴，润肌肤，添骨髓。形似重台，根作节，
紫色，润软者佳。
图经曰∶紫菀，生房陵山谷及真定、邯郸，今耀、成、泗、寿、台、孟州，兴国军皆有
之。
三
月内布地生苗叶，其叶三、四相连，五月、六月内开黄、紫、白花，结黑子。本有白毛，根
甚柔细。二月、三月内取根阴干用。又有一种白者名白菀。苏恭云∶白菀即女菀也。疗体并
同，无紫菀时，亦可通用。女菀下自有条，今人亦稀用。《古今传信方》∶用之最要，近医
疗
久嗽不瘥，此方甚佳。紫菀去芦头、款冬花各一两，百部半两，三物捣罗为散，每服三钱匕
。生姜三片，乌梅一个，同煎汤调下，食后、欲卧各一服。
唐本余∶治气喘，阴痿。雷公云∶凡使，先去髭，有白如练色者，号曰羊须草，自然不
同。
采得
后，去头土了，用东流水淘洗令净，用蜜浸一宿。至明于火上焙干用。凡修一两，用蜜二分
。千金方∶治妇人卒不得小便。紫菀末，以井花水服三撮，便通。小便血，服五撮立止。斗
门方治缠喉风，喉闭饮食不通欲死者。用返魂草根一茎，净洗纳入喉中，待取恶涎出即瘥，
神效。更以马牙硝津咽之，即绝根本。一名紫菀，又南中呼为液牵牛是也。
衍义曰∶紫菀，用根。其根柔细，紫色，益肺气，《经》具言之。《唐本》注言无紫菀时，
亦用白菀。白菀即女菀也。今本草无白菀之名，盖唐修本草时已删去。
味苦、辛，性温，无毒。主治咳嗽气逆，胸中寒热郁结之气，去除蛊毒，治疗痿证足弱，安定五脏，治疗咳嗽吐脓血，平息喘息心悸，调理五劳体虚，补益不足，治疗小儿惊痫。又名紫茜，又名青苑。产于房陵山谷以及真定、邯郸等地。二月、三月采集根部，阴干。款冬花为其引经药（使药），忌与天雄、瞿麦、雷丸、远志同用，畏惧茵陈蒿。陶隐居说：附近各地都有生长，贴地而生，花也是紫色的，根茎有白色绒毛，根部非常柔细。白色的称为白菀，不再使用。《唐本草》注解说：白菀就是女菀。疗效与紫菀相同。没有紫菀时也可以用白菀。陶隐居说不再使用，或许是他未曾详尽考察。臣禹锡等谨按《药性论》记载：紫菀，属臣药，味苦，性平。能治疗尸疰（一种慢性消耗性疾病），补虚，降气及胸胁逆气，治疗各种邪气鬼魅所致之病，劳气虚热。日华子说：调和中焦及肺痿吐血，消痰止渴，滋润肌肤，填补骨髓。形状像重台草，根部呈节状，紫色，质地润软者为佳。
《图经本草》说：紫菀，产于房陵山谷以及真定、邯郸，如今耀州、成州、泗州、寿州、台州、孟州、兴国军都有出产。三月内在地上生出苗叶，其叶三、四片相连，五月、六月内开出黄、紫、白花，结黑色种子。根茎有白色绒毛，根部非常柔细。二月、三月内取根阴干使用。又有一种白色的称为白菀。苏恭说：白菀就是女菀。疗效完全相同，没有紫菀时，也可以通用。女菀在下文自有条目，现在人也很少使用。《古今传信方》：此方最为重要，近世医生治疗久咳不愈，此方甚好。紫菀去芦头、款冬花各一两，百部半两，将这三味药捣碎过筛为散剂，每次服用三钱匕。生姜三片，乌梅一个，同煎汤送服，饭后、临睡前各服一次。
《唐本草》补充：治疗气喘，阳痿。雷公说：凡是使用，先去掉须根，那些白色如绢丝颜色的，号称羊须草，自然不同。采得后，去掉头部泥土，用东流水淘洗干净，用蜂蜜浸泡一夜。第二天在火上焙干使用。凡修整一两药材，需用二分蜂蜜。《千金方》：治疗妇人突然小便不通。紫菀末，用井花水送服三撮，小便即通。尿血者，服五撮立即停止。《斗门方》治疗缠喉风，喉闭饮食不通欲死者。用返魂草根一茎，洗净纳入喉中，待吐出恶涎后即痊愈，神效。再用马牙硝含化咽下，即可断绝病根。又名紫菀，南方又称之为液牵牛。
《衍义》说：紫菀，使用根部。其根柔细，紫色，有益肺气，《神农本草经》已有详述。《唐本草》注解说没有紫菀时，也用白菀。白菀就是女菀。现在的本草中没有白菀之名，大概是在唐代修订本草时已经删去了。
Asteris Radix (Ziwan)
Bitter, pungent, warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats cough with rebellious Qi (Ke Ni Shang Qi), cold-heat knotted Qi in the chest, removes gu poison (Gu Du), ataxia and weakness of legs (Wei Jue), calms the five Zang organs, treats coughing up pus and blood, stops wheezing and palpitations, addresses five labors and physical deficiency, tonifies insufficiency, and treats pediatric convulsions and epilepsy. Also known as Zi Qian, or Qing Yuan. Grows in the valleys of Fangling, as well as Zhending and Handan. Roots are harvested in February and March and dried in the shade. Adenophorae Radix (Kuantong) acts as its guiding herb (Shi). It is contraindicated with Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Tianxiong), Dianthi Herba (Qumai), Polypori Sclerotium (Leiwan), and Polygalae Radix (Yuanzhi); it fears Artemisiae Scopariae Herba (Yinchen Hao). Tao Hongjing stated: It grows everywhere near the roads, spreading on the ground; the flowers are also purple, the base has white hairs, and the roots are very soft and fine. The white variety is named Bai Wan and is no longer used. The annotation of *Xin Xiu Ben Cao* states: Bai Wan is Nü Wan. Its therapeutic properties are the same as Zi Wan. When Zi Wan is unavailable, Bai Wan can be used. Tao said it is no longer used, perhaps because he did not examine it thoroughly. Chen Yuxi et al., according to *Yao Xing Lun*, recorded: Zi Wan, a minister herb, bitter, neutral. It can treat shi zhu (a chronic wasting disease), tonify deficiency, descend Qi and rebellious Qi in the chest and hypochondrium, treat diseases caused by various evils and ghosts, and labor-Qi deficiency heat. Ri Huazi stated: It harmonizes the middle jiao and lung abscess with hemoptysis, resolves phlegm, stops thirst, moistens skin and muscles, and replenishes marrow. It resembles Chongtai grass, the root has nodes, is purple, and those that are moist and soft are superior.
*Tujing Bencao* states: Zi Wan grows in the valleys of Fangling, as well as Zhending and Handan. Currently, it is produced in Yaozhou, Chengzhou, Sizhou, Shouzhou, Taizhou, Mengzhou, and Xingguo Jun. In March, seedlings and leaves sprout on the ground; the leaves grow in clusters of three or four. In May and June, yellow, purple, and white flowers bloom, bearing black seeds. The base has white hairs, and the roots are very soft and fine. Roots are taken in February and March and dried in the shade. There is another white variety called Bai Wan. Su Gong stated: Bai Wan is Nü Wan. Their therapeutic effects are identical; when Zi Wan is unavailable, they can be used interchangeably. Nü Wan has its own entry below, and people rarely use it now. *Gujin Chuanshin Fang*: This prescription is most essential. For recent physicians treating persistent coughs that do not heal, this formula is excellent. Remove the rhizome head from Asteris Radix (Ziwan) and Adenophorae Radix (Kuantong), each one liang, and Stemona Radix (Bubai) half a liang. Pound and sieve these three substances into a powder. Take three qianbi per dose. Simmer three slices of fresh ginger and one dark plum (Wumei) in water to make a decoction, take orally mixed with the powder, once after meals and once before bed.
*Supplements to Xin Xiu Ben Cao*: Treats asthma and impotence. Lei Gong stated: When using it, first remove the rootlets. Those with white hairs like silk are called Yangxu Grass, which is naturally different. After harvesting, remove the soil from the head, wash thoroughly with flowing water from the east, and soak in honey overnight. The next day, bake dry over fire for use. For every one liang of material processed, use two fen of honey. *Qianjin Fang*: Treats sudden urinary retention in women. Take Asteris Radix (Ziwan) powder, administer three cuo with well-water (Jinghua Shui), and urination will resume immediately. For hematuria, take five cuo to stop it instantly. *Doumen Fang* treats strangled throat wind (Chan Hou Feng) and throat obstruction where eating and drinking are impossible, nearing death. Use one stem of Panax Notoginseng Root (Fanhonggen Cao - note: text says Fanhonggen, likely referring to a specific local herb or error, but translated literally as returned soul root), wash clean, insert into the throat, wait until foul saliva is expelled, then the patient recovers; miraculous effect. Then swallow Magnesium Sulfate (Mayaxiao) dissolved in saliva to eradicate the root cause. Also known as Zi Wan, and in the south called Ye Qianniu.
*Yanyi* states: Zi Wan uses the root. The root is soft and fine, purple, and benefits Lung Qi, as detailed in the *Classic*. The *Tang Bencao* annotation mentions that when Zi Wan is unavailable, Bai Wan is also used. Bai Wan is Nü Wan. Current materia medica does not list Bai Wan, probably because it was deleted during the Tang dynasty revision of the Bencao.