典藏书目

[Background Information]
Book: Zhenglei Bencao (Compendium of Materia Medica Classified by Category)
Author: Tang Shenwei
Dynasty: Song
Chapter: Qiaoyao / ... / Liaoshi (Liao Seed) (Total 4 sections)
Category: Materia Medica

[Original Text Processing]

Taste: Pungent. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic.
Indications: Primarily treats blood stasis, stops bleeding, and generates flesh. It can also be eaten as a raw vegetable. For the five types of jaundice (Wuzhong Huangbing), squeeze out the juice and ingest it.
Habitat: Grows in plains and marshes. Flowers are purple. Vines grow like those of Lablab bean (Laodou).
Shiyi Shu (Commentary on the Book of Songs) states: "Tiaorao" is called "Qiaorao" by people in Youzhou.
Erya (Classic of Names) states: "Zhutian" is "Yaoche".

Shiliao (Dietary Therapy): Treats the five types of jaundice. Crush fresh plants to extract juice, take one sheng, twice daily, until recovery. It is very beneficial to humans, benefits the five zang organs, clarifies the eyes and ears, expels wind-heat, and makes the body light and vigorous. Long-term consumption is not tiresome; cooked is best. If eaten raw, it causes vomiting of water.

Nature: Neutral. Benefits bone marrow, facilitates the five zang and six fu organs, benefits joints, unblocks stagnant qi in meridians and collaterals, clarifies eyes and ears, strengthens the person, reduces sleep needs, enhances heart power, and strengthens sinews and bones. This refers to Western Blue (Xitu Lan), which has broad leaves and is edible. To treat yellow poison, make it into pickles (Zu); after overnight soaking, the color turns yellow. Eat with salt to remove stagnant qi under the heart.
Shiyi Xinjing (Mirror of Dietary Medicine for Physicians): Sweet cabbage made into relish or pickles can be boiled and eaten. Hu Jushi in Longxi grows and eats much of it; it is rare in Han regions. Excessive consumption reduces sleep.

(Added in Jiyou year from Yanyi)

[Liao Shi - Liao Seed]
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic.
Indications: Primarily brightens the eyes, warms the middle jiao, resists wind-cold, promotes urination for water retention, facial and ocular edema, and carbuncles and sores. Leaves: Enter the tongue channel. Expel pathogenic factors from the large and small intestines, benefit the middle jiao, and strengthen willpower.

Ma Liao (Polygonum perfoliatum): Removes leeches in the intestines, lightens the body. Grows in Leize rivers and marshes.

Tao Hongjing says: There are many such types, but three are commonly eaten: One is Zi Liao (Purple Smartweed), similar in appearance but purple; named Xiang Liao (Fragrant Smartweed), also similar but fragrant; neither is very pungent and both are good to eat. The other is Qing Liao (Green Smartweed), commonly found in households. Its leaves vary in round or pointed shapes, with round-leaved ones being superior; this is the type used. Dried for brewing wine, it primarily treats wind-cold, which is very effective. Ma Liao grows in damp lowlands, stems have spots, leaves are large with black dots. There are also two or three sub-types, the largest of which is called Long (pronounced Gu), which is Hong Cao (Persicaria hydropiper var. longiseta), already listed in the upper volume middle category. Tang Ben Zhu (Supplement to Tang Materia Medica) notes: Erya states that Hong is also called Long, and the large one is named [character missing/cut], so the largest is not called Long; Tao misnamed it. There is also Shui Liao (Water Smartweed), leaves large like Ma Liao but pungent in taste. Primarily treats snakebites: crush and apply externally; squeeze juice and ingest to stop snake venom from entering the abdomen and causing chest oppression. Also, boil in water, soak feet, and rub to reduce swelling of beriberi (Hongjiaojiao). Grows in wet watersides. Current analysis: Chen Cangqi's Bencao states: Liao primarily treats abdominal masses (Jiji). Take a handful daily, boil and ingest. For cholera with muscle cramps, often take hot decoction to rub feet. Leaves: Crush and apply to fox-thorn sores, also treats infant head sores. Also states: Liao and Jie both have weak yang properties. Soaking snail shells in them cures immediately. Do not bring near yin areas, as it causes weakness. All Liao species die in winter, except Xiang Liao whose old roots regenerate. As a raw vegetable, it is most effective for waist and legs. Minister Yu Xi et al. carefully note according to Shu Ben Tu Jing: There are many types of Liao, including Zi Liao, Chi Liao, Qing Liao, Ma Liao, Shui Liao, Xiang Liao, Mu Liao, totaling seven types. Zi and Chi Liao have small, narrow, thick leaves; Qing and Xiang Liao have similarly broad leaves with black dots. Mu Liao is also called Tian Liao, vines grow, leaves resemble Mulberry leaves. Flowers of all Liao are red and white, seeds are red and black; Mu Liao flowers are yellow and white, seed skin is green and smooth. Erya states: Qiang is Yuliao. Explanation: Qiang is also called Yuliao, which is Liao growing in water marshes. Zhou Song · Liang Gong states: "To weed, Cha Liao." Mao Zhuan says: Liao is aquatic grass. Yaoxing Lun states: Liaoshi (Liao seeds) are guiding herbs, enter the nose. Remove kidney qi, and can also remove yang deficiency. Leaves treat pathogenic factors. Also states: Excessive consumption causes heart pain, induces chills and fever, damages bone marrow. For infant head sores, crush into powder, mix with white honey (or egg white), apply topically; worms come out without scarring. For cholera with muscle cramps, take one handful of seeds, one sheng of fermented soybeans (Xiangchi), first cut leaves, add three sheng of water, boil to obtain two sheng, add chi juice, boil again to obtain one and a half sheng, divide into three doses. Also compatible with barley flour. Meng Shen says: Liao seeds, excessive consumption causes vomiting of water. Also unblocks stagnant qi in five zang organs, damages yang qi. Rihua Zi says: Shui Liao is cold in nature, non-toxic. For snake bites, crush and apply, using roots and stems. Also states: Chi Liao is warm. For sudden softness of legs, burn to ash, leach juice to soak, hold mulberry leaves steamed over it, cures immediately.

Tu Jing states: Liaoshi grows in Leize rivers and marshes, now available everywhere. There are many types of Liao, including Zi Liao, Chi Liao (also called Hong Liao), Qing Liao, Xiang Liao, Ma Liao, Shui Liao, Mu Liao, totaling seven types. Zi and Chi types have small, narrow, thick leaves; Qing and Xiang types have similar broad leaves with black dots. These six types have yellow-white flowers and green-black seeds. Mu Liao is also called Tian Liao, has large and small varieties, vines grow, leaves resemble Mulberry leaves, flowers yellow-white, seed skin green-smooth. Tao Hongjing uses Qing Liao in medicine, but all these Liao are edible. He also identifies Ma Liao as Hong Cao, already seen above; the rest are useless. Su Gong includes Shui Liao in medicine, boiling and rubbing feet, mostly grows in water marshes. Zhou Song mentions "To weed (Da Lao qie), Cha Liao." Erya mentions "Qiang, Yuliao." Also, Sanmao Jun Zhuan has a recipe for White Liao sauce. Bai Liao is unheard of in Yaopu, suspected to be Qing Liao. Or some say Hong Liao can also make sauce.

Shenghui Fang: Treats liver deficiency with muscle cramps. Use three he of Chi Liao stems and leaves, one cup of water, three he of wine, decoct to four he, strain, warm and divide into two doses. Another formula: Treats heat oppression in the chest. Use concentrated boiled Liao juice, one large cup, divide into two doses to drink. Waitai Miyao: Treats summer death (heat stroke), take concentrated boiled juice... [text fragment] ...painful sores. First chop Jiang Liao, boil soup, make moderately warm, frequently wash, wait for sores to dry and heal naturally. Sun Taizhen [states]: Eating it damages kidneys. Eating with fish sashimi causes cold pain in the yin area, qi nearly ceases. Doumen Fang: Treats blood and qi attacking the heart... [text fragment]. Jinlu Yan: Treats cholera with muscle cramps. Take a handful of Liao, remove ends, use two [units]... [text fragment].

Yanyi states: Liaoshi is the seed of Shui Liao in Volume 11 of Shennong Benjing. When it speaks of Liao, stems are used; when speaking of Shi (seed), seeds are used. Therefore, this discusses the efficacy of the seed separately, hence divided into two entries. In early spring, fill a gourd with water, moisten, hang high over fire, keep warm day and night, then red buds sprout. Take to plant in water red [plant], similar to this, but seedlings and stems reach one zhang high. Take seeds, slightly stir-fry, grind to fine powder, mix with thin wine, take two or three qian to treat scrofula (Luoli). Effective over time, once effective, it stops.