\r胡麻油\pd506.bmp\r
微寒，利大肠，胞衣不落，生者摩疮肿，生秃发。
陶隐居云∶麻油生笮者，若蒸炒正可供作食及燃尔，不入药用也。药性论云∶胡麻生油，
涂
头生毛发。陈藏器云∶胡麻油，大寒，主天行热秘，肠内结热。服一合，取利为度。食油损
声，令体重。生油杀虫，摩恶疮。
图经文具胡麻条下。
食疗云∶主喑哑，涂之生毛发。野人闲话杜天师升遐篇∶以麻油敷两足，缯帛裹之，可
日行
万里。
大寒，无毒。治虚劳，滑肠胃，行风气，通血脉，去头浮风，润肌。食后生啖一合
，终身不辍。与乳母食，其孩子永不病生。若客热，可作饮汁服之。停久者，发霍乱。又生
嚼敷小儿头上诸疮良。久食抽人肌肉。生则寒，炒则热。又叶，捣和浆水，绞去滓，沐发，
去风润发。其油冷，常食所用也。无毒，发冷疾，滑骨髓，发脏腑渴，困脾脏，杀五黄，下
三焦热毒瓦斯，通大小肠，治蛔心痛，敷一切疮疥癣，杀一切虫。取油一合，鸡子两颗，芒硝
一两，搅服之，少时即泻，治热毒甚良。治饮食物，须逐日熬熟用，经宿即动气。有牙齿并
脾胃疾人，切不可吃。陈者煎膏，生肌长肉，止痛，消痈肿，补皮裂。〔（新补） 见孟诜及
陈藏器、陈士良、日华子。〕
图经曰∶油麻，《本经》旧不着条。然古医方∶多用之，无毒，滑肠胃，行风气，久食
消人
肌肉，生则寒，炒熟则热。仙方∶蒸以辟谷，压笮为油，大寒，发冷疾，滑精髓，发脏腑渴，
令
病。《近效方》婆罗门僧疗大风疾，并压丹石热毒，热风，手脚不遂
麻油二大升，合纳铛中，以土
墼盖口，以纸泥固济，勿令气出，细进火
麻油二大升和合，又微火煎
之，以意斟量
得所，即纳不津器中。服法∶患大风者，用火为使，在室中看作小纸屋子，外燃火，令患人
在纸屋中发汗，日服一大合，病患力壮，日二服，服之三七日，头面 疮皆灭。若服诸丹石
药，热发不得食热物，着浓衣，卧浓床者，即两人共服一剂。服法同前，不用火为使，忌风
二七日。若丹石发，即不用此法，但取一匙纳口中，待消咽汁，热除，忌如药法。刘禹锡《
传信方》∶蚰蜒入耳，以油麻油作煎饼枕卧，须臾蚰蜒自出而瘥。李元淳尚书在河阳日，
蚰蜒入耳，无计可为，半月后脑中洪洪有声，脑闷不可彻，至以头自击门柱，奏疾状危极，
因
其为受苦不念生存，忽有人献此方，乃愈。
外台秘要∶治胸喉间觉有症虫上下，偏闻葱、豉食香，此是发虫。油煎葱、豉令香，二
日不
食，开口而卧，将油、葱、豉致口边。虫当渐出，徐徐以物引去之。又方∶治伤寒。三五日
麻油一盏，水半盏，鸡子白一枚和之，熟搅令相匀，一服令尽。又方
麻一大合，清酒半升，煎取三
合，看冷热得所，去油麻顿服之。又方∶
欲得饮油一升，香泽煎之。
大沙锣贮，安
必当疲极眠睡，发症
出。煎油人等守视之，并锻石一裹，见症出，以灰粉手捉取症抽出，须臾抽尽，即是
发也。初从腹出，形如不流水中浓菜，随发长短，形亦如之，无忌。肘后方∶治卒心痛。
生油半合，温服瘥。又方治豌豆疮。服油麻一升，须利，即不生百浆，大效。经验后方治蚰
蜒、蜘蛛子咬人。用油麻研
敷之瘥。孙真人同。孙真人《枕中记》云∶麻油一升，薤白三斤，切
令薤黑，去滓，合酒服之半升三合，百脉血气充盛。服金石人，先宜服
后脱肠不收。用油五斤炼熟，
以盆盛后温却，令产妇坐油盆中，约
一顿饭久。用皂角炙令脆，去粗皮为末。少许吹入鼻中令作嚏，立瘥，神效。博物志∶积油
满百石
武库火灾积油所致。塞上方∶治心痛，无问冷热。一合生麻服。谭氏
焦炒油麻，从铫子中取，乘
热嚼吐敷之止。宋明帝宫人患腰痛牵心，发
如发，引之长三尺，头已成
蛇，能动摇，悬之滴
衍义曰∶白油麻，与胡麻一等，但以其色言之，此胡麻差淡，亦不全白。今人只谓之脂
麻，
前条已具。炒熟乘热压出油，而谓之生油，但可点照。须再煎炼，方∶谓之熟油，始可食，
复
铁自火中出而谓之生铁，亦此义耳。
胡麻油
性微寒，能通利大肠。对于胞衣不下，可用生胡麻油涂抹疮肿处，或用于促进脱发部位重新长出发来。
陶隐居说：用压榨法直接取出的生麻油，如果经过蒸炒后，只可供食用和燃烧使用，不能入药。《药性论》说：胡麻生油，涂抹头部可促使毛发生长。陈藏器说：胡麻油性大寒，主治时行热秘（因外感热邪导致的肠道燥结便秘），清除肠内积热。服用一合（容量单位），以通便为度。食用熟油会损伤声音，使人身体沉重。生油能杀虫，涂抹恶疮。
《图经本草》在胡麻条目下已有详细记载。
《食疗本草》说：主治失音哑巴，涂抹可生发。野人闲话中杜天师升遐篇记载：用麻油敷贴双足，用丝织品包裹，可以日行万里。
性大寒，无毒。治疗虚劳，滑利肠胃，运行风气，通畅血脉，去除头面部的浮风（风邪），滋润肌肤。饭后生服一合，终身坚持不辍。给乳母食用，其孩子永不生病。若有客热（外感热邪），可将其作为饮汁服用。存放过久的油，会引起霍乱。另外，生嚼后敷贴小儿头部的各种疮疡效果良好。长期食用会消耗人的肌肉。生油性寒，炒熟后性热。还有胡麻叶，捣碎后与浆水混合，绞去渣滓，用来洗头，可祛风润发。这种油性质冷，是日常食用的油。无毒，但会引发冷疾，滑利骨髓，引发脏腑口渴，困顿脾脏，消除五黄（黄疸等病症），下行三焦热毒之气，通畅大小肠，治疗蛔虫心痛，敷贴一切疮疥癣，杀灭一切寄生虫。取油一合，鸡蛋两颗，芒硝一两，搅拌后服用，不久即腹泻，治疗热毒效果极佳。治疗饮食积滞，必须每天熬熟后使用，隔夜就会动气。有牙齿疾病和脾胃虚弱的人，千万不可食用。陈年的油煎制成膏，可生肌长肉，止痛，消散痈肿，修补皮肤裂口。（新补内容）参见孟诜、陈藏器、陈士良、日华子的记载。
《图经本草》说：油麻，《本经》旧版中没有单独列条。然而古代医方中多用之，无毒，滑利肠胃，运行风气，长期食用会消减人的肌肉，生油性寒，炒熟后性热。仙方记载：蒸食可辟谷，压榨成油，性大寒，引发冷疾，滑利精髓，引发脏腑口渴，导致疾病。《近效方》记载婆罗门僧人治疗大风疾（麻风病），以及丹石热毒、热风导致的手脚不遂。用麻油两大升，放入锅中，用土砖盖住口，用纸泥密封固定，不让气体逸出，慢慢加热煎煮麻油两大升，调和均匀，再用微火煎煮，酌情掌握火候，得到适宜状态后，装入不透水的容器中。服用方法：患大风病者，用火辅助发汗，在室内搭建小纸屋，外面燃火，让患者在纸屋中发汗，每日服用一大合，患者体力壮实者，每日服用两次，连续服用三七二十一天，头面部的疮疡都会消失。如果服用各种丹石药物后，热发作时不得吃热物，穿厚衣，睡厚床，则两人共服一剂。服用方法同上，不用火辅助发汗，忌风两天两夜。如果是丹石毒性发作，就不采用此法，只需取一匙放入口中，等待融化咽下汁液，热除即可，禁忌同服药法。刘禹锡《传信方》记载：蚰蜒进入耳朵，用油麻油制作煎饼垫着枕头睡觉，一会儿蚰蜒自己爬出来就好了。李元淳尚书在河阳任职时，蚰蜒进入耳朵，没有办法处理，半个月后脑中嗡嗡作响，头脑闷胀无法忍受，甚至用头撞击门柱，奏报病情危急至极，因为他受苦而不想生存，忽然有人献上此方，于是痊愈。
《外台秘要》记载：治疗胸喉间感觉有蛲虫上下移动，特别闻到葱、豆豉的香味，这是发虫（寄生虫病）。用油煎葱、豆豉至香，两天不进食，张开嘴躺着，将油、葱、豆豉放在嘴边。虫子会逐渐爬出，慢慢用物体引导出去。又一方：治疗伤寒。三五天时，麻油一盏，水半盏，鸡蛋清一枚，混合均匀，一次服完。又一方：麻一大合，清酒半升，煎取三合，看冷热适宜，去掉麻渣，一次性服下。又一方：想要饮用一升油，用香油煎制。用大沙锣盛装，安顿好必定会极度疲劳睡眠，诱发蛲虫排出。煎油的人等守护观察，并准备一袋煅石，见蛲虫出来，用手蘸灰粉抓住蛲虫抽出，一会儿就抽尽了，这就是发病。初从腹部出来，形状像流水中的浓菜，随着发病长短，形状也类似，无禁忌。《肘后方》记载：治疗突发心痛。生油半合，温服即愈。又一方治疗豌豆疮（天花）。服用油麻一升，必须通便，就不会生出百种脓疮，效果显著。经验后方治疗蚰蜒、蜘蛛子咬人。用油麻研磨后敷贴患处即愈。孙真人相同。孙真人《枕中记》说：麻油一升，薤白三斤，切碎令薤变黑，去渣，配合酒服用半升到三合，可使百脉血气充盛。服用金石类药物的人，先宜服用……后脱肛不收。用油五斤炼熟，用盆盛装冷却后，让产妇坐在油盆中，约一顿饭的时间。用皂角烤脆，去掉粗皮研成末。少许吹入鼻中引起喷嚏，立即痊愈，神效。《博物志》记载：积存油满百石，武库火灾是由积油引起的。塞上方：治疗心痛，无论冷热。一合生麻油服用。谭氏焦炒油麻，从铫子中取出，趁热嚼吐敷贴患处止血。宋明帝宫人患腰痛牵连心脏，头发长出如发丝，牵引长达三尺，头已变成蛇，能动摇，悬挂起来滴血。
《衍义》说：白油麻，与胡麻同类，只是从颜色上说，这种胡麻颜色较淡，也不全白。现在人只叫它脂麻，前文条目已具备。炒熟趁热压榨出油，称为生油，只能点灯照明。必须再煎炼，才称为熟油，才可以食用，这也如同铁从火中取出称为生铁，也是这个意思罢了。
Hu Ma Oil (Sesame Oil)
Nature is slightly cold; it benefits the Large Intestine. For retained placenta, raw Hu Ma Oil can be applied to swellings and sores, or used to promote hair growth in areas of baldness.
Tao Hongjing stated: Raw sesame oil obtained by direct pressing, if steamed or stir-fried, is only suitable for food and fuel consumption, not for medicinal use. *Yao Xing Lun* states: Raw Hu Ma Oil applied to the head promotes hair growth. Chen Cangqi stated: Hu Ma Oil is extremely cold in nature; it treats epidemic heat constipation (constipation due to exogenous heat pathogens) and clears internal intestinal heat. Take one he (a unit of volume), stopping when bowel movement occurs. Consumed cooked oil damages the voice and causes heaviness in the body. Raw oil kills parasites and is applied to malignant sores.
*Tujing Bencao* details are recorded under the Sesame entry.
*Shiliao Bencao* states: It treats aphonia (loss of voice); application promotes hair growth. In *Yeren Xianhua*, the chapter on Master Du's Ascension: Applying sesame oil to both feet, wrapped in silk cloth, allows walking ten thousand li per day.
Nature is extremely cold, non-toxic. Treats deficiency exhaustion, lubricates the intestines and stomach, moves wind qi, unblocks blood vessels, removes floating wind from the head and face, and moistens the skin. Consume one he of raw oil after meals, persistently throughout life. If consumed by a nursing mother, her child will never fall ill. For external heat pathogens, it can be taken as a juice drink. Old stored oil may induce cholera. Additionally, chewing raw oil and applying it to various sores on a child's head is effective. Long-term consumption depletes muscle mass. Raw oil is cold; roasted oil is hot. The leaves, crushed and mixed with fermented grain water, strained, and used for washing hair, remove wind and nourish hair. This oil is cold-natured and commonly used for cooking. Non-toxic, but it may induce cold diseases, lubricate bone marrow, cause thirst in the zang-fu organs, impair the Spleen, eliminate the Five Yellows (jaundice syndromes), drain heat toxins from the Triple Burner, unblock the Large and Small Intestines, treat heart pain caused by roundworms, apply to all sores, tinea, and scabies, and kill all parasites. Take one he of oil, two chicken eggs, and one qian of Mang Xiao (Mirabilite), mix and ingest; diarrhea will occur shortly after, which is excellent for treating severe heat toxins. For treating food stagnation, it must be boiled fresh daily; overnight oil induces gas. Those with dental issues or Spleen-Stomach weakness must absolutely avoid eating it. Aged oil fried into ointment generates flesh, stops pain, reduces abscesses, and repairs cracked skin. [Newly supplemented content] See Meng Shen, Chen Cangqi, Chen Shiliang, Ri Hua Zi.
*Tujing Bencao* states: You Ma (Oil Sesame) was not listed in the old *Ben Jing*. However, ancient medical formulas often use it. Non-toxic, lubricates intestines and stomach, moves wind qi, long-term consumption reduces muscle mass, raw is cold, roasted is hot. Immortal formula: Steaming prevents fasting (abstaining from grains); pressing yields oil, extremely cold, induces cold diseases, lubricates essence and marrow, causes thirst in zang-fu, leading to illness. *Jin Xiao Fang* records a Brahmin monk treating Feng Da Ji (Leprosy/Morbid Wind), Dan Shi Re Du (Heat toxicity from mineral pills), and Re Feng causing limb paralysis. Use two large sheng of Hu Ma Oil, place in a pot, cover mouth with earth bricks, seal with paper mud to prevent gas escape, slowly heat. Combine two large sheng of Hu Ma Oil, simmer gently, adjust heat as needed, store in a non-porous vessel. Administration: For patients with Feng Da Ji, use fire to induce sweating. Build a small paper house indoors, burn fire outside, let the patient sweat inside. Take one large he daily; if the patient is strong, take twice daily. Continue for 21 days (3x7 days); head and facial sores will vanish. If taking mineral pills and heat flares up, do not eat hot foods, wear thick clothes, or sleep on thick mats; two people share one dose. Administration same as above, no fire induction, avoid wind for 48 hours. If mineral toxicity flares, do not use this method; take one spoonful, let melt and swallow juice, heat subsides, follow medication taboos. Liu Yuxi's *Chuan Xin Fang*: For centipedes entering the ear, make pancakes with sesame oil and sleep on them; the centipede will exit spontaneously. When Li Yuan Chun served as Shangshu in Heyang, a centipede entered his ear. After half a month, loud buzzing in the brain, unbearable mental stuffiness, he even hit his head against doorposts, reporting critical condition. Due to suffering and despair, someone offered this prescription, and he recovered.
*Waitai Miyao*: Treats sensation of worms moving in chest and throat, specifically craving green onion and fermented soybean aroma, indicating parasitic disease. Fry green onions and fermented soybeans in oil until fragrant. Fast for two days, lie with mouth open, place oil, onions, and beans near the mouth. Worms will gradually emerge; slowly guide them out with an object. Another formula: Treats Shang Han (Cold Damage). On days 3-5, take one zhan of Hu Ma Oil, half zhan of water, one egg white, mix well, consume at once. Another formula: One da he of Hu Ma Oil, half sheng of clear wine, boil to three he, check temperature, remove seeds, drink in one go. Another formula: To drink one sheng of oil, fry with aromatic泽 (likely referring to a specific preparation or ingredient, context implies frying oil). Store in a large brass basin. Patient will likely fall into deep sleep, inducing worm expulsion. Attendants watch, prepare calcined stone powder. When worms appear, grasp with ash-dusted hand and pull out until finished. Initially expelled from abdomen, shape like thick vegetable soup in flowing water, varying length, no taboo. *Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*: Treats sudden heart pain. Warm and take half he of raw oil; cures. Another formula treats Dou Wang Chuang (Smallpox/Chickenpox). Take one sheng of sesame oil; must have bowel movement to prevent pus formation; highly effective. Jing Yan Hou Fang treats bites from centipedes and spiders. Grind sesame oil and apply; cures. Sun Simiao agrees. Sun Simiao's *Zhen Zhong Ji*: One sheng of Hu Ma Oil, three jin of Scallion Bulb (Xie Bai), cut until black, strain, mix with wine, take half to three he; fills meridians with blood and qi. Those taking mineral stones should first take... for prolapsed rectum. Use five jin of refined oil, cool in a basin, let the puerperal sit in the oil basin for the duration of a meal. Roast Gleditsia sinensis (Zao Jiao) until crisp, remove coarse skin, powder. Blow a small amount into nose to induce sneezing; immediate cure, miraculous effect. *Bowuzhi*: Accumulated oil reaching hundred dan contributed to the armory fire. Sai Shang Fang: Treats heart pain, regardless of cold or heat. Take one he of raw sesame oil. Tan Shi: Charred sesame oil, taken from the pot while hot, chewed and spat onto the wound to stop bleeding. Empress of Emperor Ming of Song suffered back pain radiating to the heart, hair grew like threads, three chi long, head resembling a snake, moving, dripping blood.
*Yanyi* states: Bai You Ma (White Oil Sesame) is identical to Hu Ma, differing only in color; this variety is paler, not purely white. Now called Zhi Ma (Sesame), detailed in previous entries. Roasted and pressed while hot yields "raw oil," suitable only for lamps. Must be re-boiled/refined to become "cooked oil" for consumption. Similarly, iron removed from fire is called "raw iron."