味苦、辛，寒、微寒，有毒。主伤寒温疟，下十二水，破积聚大坚症瘕，荡涤
肠胃中
留癖饮食，寒热邪气，利水道，疗痰饮咳嗽。生咸阳川谷及河南中牟。六月采花，阴干。
陶隐居云∶中牟者，平时唯从河上来。形似芜花而极细，白色。比来隔绝，殆不可得。
唐本
注云∶此药苗似胡荽，茎无刺，花细，黄色，四月、五月收，与芜花全不相似也。臣禹锡等
谨按蜀本图经云∶苗高二尺许，生岗原上，今所在有之，见用雍州者好。药性论云∶荛花
，使。治咳逆上气，喉中肿满，疰气蛊毒， 癖气块，下水肿等。
衍义曰∶荛花，今京、洛间甚多。张仲景《伤寒论》以荛花治利者，以其行水也。水去
则利
止，其意如此。然今人用时，当以意斟酌，不可使过与不及也。仍须是有是证者方可用。
\r牙子\pd243.bmp\r
味苦、酸，寒，有毒。主邪气热气，疥瘙恶疡，疮痔，去白虫。一名野狼牙，一名野狼齿
，一名野狼子，一名犬牙。生淮南川谷及冤句。八月采根，曝干。中湿腐烂生衣者，杀人。（
芜荑为之使，恶地榆、枣肌。）
陶隐居云∶近道处处有之，其根牙亦似根兽之牙齿也。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经云∶苗似
蛇
莓
而浓大，深绿色。根萌芽若兽之牙。今所在有之。二月、三月采牙，日干。药性论云∶野狼牙
，使，味苦，能治浮风瘙痒，杀寸白虫，煎汁洗恶疮。日华子云∶杀腹脏一切虫，止赤白痢
，煎服。
图经曰∶牙子，即野狼牙子。生淮南川谷及冤句，今江东、京东州郡多有之。苗似蛇莓而
浓大
，
深绿色。根黑若兽之齿牙，故以名之。三月、八月采根，日干。古方多用治蛇毒。其法∶取
独茎野狼牙捣，腊月猪脂和以敷上，立瘥。又杨炎《南行方》云∶六月以前用叶，以后用根，
生咀，以木叶裹之， 火炮令热，用熨疮上，冷即止。张仲景治妇人阴疮亦单用之。
圣惠方∶治阴疮洗方∶用野狼牙五两细锉，水五升煮至三升，温洗之。外台秘要∶范汪治
寸白
虫方
∶野狼牙五两，捣末，蜜丸如麻子，宿不食，明旦以浆水下一合，服尽瘥。又方∶治金疮。野狼
牙
草茎叶熟捣敷贴之，兼止血。又方∶治妇人阴蚀，若中烂伤。野狼牙三两 咀，以水四升煮，
去
滓，纳苦酒如鸡子一杯。以绵濡汤沥患处，日四、五即愈。千金方∶治小儿阴疮，浓煮野狼牙
草洗之。又治射工，即水弩子也。以野狼牙叶冬取根，捣令熟敷之。
荛花（音饶）
味苦、辛，性寒或微寒，有毒。主治伤寒和温疟，能通利十二经的水湿，破除体内积聚形成的坚硬症瘕肿块，清除肠胃中滞留的癖积和饮食停滞，驱除寒热邪气，通利水道，治疗痰饮引起的咳嗽。生于咸阳川谷及河南中牟地区。六月采集花朵，阴干保存。
陶隐居说：中牟产的荛花，过去通常从黄河上游运来。其形状类似芜花但极其细小，花色白色。近来交通隔绝，几乎难以得到。
《唐本草》注解说：这种药的幼苗像胡荽（香菜），茎上没有刺，花细小，呈黄色，四月、五月采收，与芜花完全不同相似。臣禹锡等人谨按《蜀本图经》记载：植株高约二尺左右，生长在岗原之上，现在各地都有出产，其中雍州产的质量较好。《药性论》记载：荛花为使药。治疗咳逆上气，喉咙肿胀满闷，疰气和蛊毒，癖气形成的肿块，消除水肿等。
《衍义》说：荛花，如今在京城、洛阳之间非常多见。张仲景《伤寒论》用荛花治疗下利，是因为它能行水。水湿去除则下利停止，其意旨如此。然而现在人使用时，应当斟酌考量，不可过量或不足。必须是有相应证候者方可使用。
牙子
味苦、酸，性寒，有毒。主治邪气热气，疥疮瘙痒恶疡，疮痔，去除白虫。又名野狼牙，又名野狼齿，又名野狼子，又名犬牙。生于淮南川谷及冤句地区。八月采集根部，晒干。如果因潮湿腐烂生出菌衣的，会致人死亡。（芜荑为其使药，畏地榆、枣肌。）
陶隐居说：近处道路处处都有，其根部的牙状物也像野兽的牙齿一样。臣禹锡等人谨按《蜀本图经》记载：幼苗像蛇莓但更浓密粗大，深绿色。根部萌芽若野兽的牙齿。现在各地都有。二月、三月采集根部，晒干。《药性论》记载：野狼牙为使药，味苦，能治疗风邪引起的皮肤瘙痒，杀死寸白虫，煎汁洗涤恶疮。日华子说：能杀死腹脏所有寄生虫，止赤白痢，煎服。
《图经》说：牙子，就是野狼牙子。生于淮南川谷及冤句，如今江东、京东各州郡多有出产。幼苗像蛇莓但更浓密粗大，深绿色。根部黑色如同野兽的齿牙，因此以此命名。三月、八月采集根部，晒干。古方多用于治疗蛇毒。其方法：取单独的茎叶野狼牙捣烂，腊月猪脂调和敷在上面，立即痊愈。又杨炎《南行方》记载：六月以前用叶，以后用根，生嚼，用木叶包裹，火烤令热，熨烫疮口上，冷了就停止。张仲景治疗妇人阴疮也单用此药。
《圣惠方》：治疗阴疮洗方：用野狼牙五两细锉，水五升煮至三升，温热清洗患处。《外台秘要》：范汪治疗寸白虫方：野狼牙五两，捣末，蜜丸如麻子大小，隔夜不进食，次日早晨用浆水送下一合，服完即愈。又一方：治疗金疮。野狼牙草茎叶熟捣敷贴，兼能止血。又一方：治疗妇人阴蚀，若中间烂伤。野狼牙三两切碎，用水四升煮，去渣，加入醋如鸡蛋大一杯。用棉蘸药汤滴沥患处，每天四、五次即可痊愈。《千金方》：治疗小儿阴疮，浓煮野狼牙草清洗。又治疗射工，即水弩子。用野狼牙叶冬天取根，捣烂敷之。
Rao Hua (Adonis Flower)
Bitter, acrid, cold or slightly cold, toxic. Mainly treats Shanghan (Cold Damage) and Wen Nue (Warm Malaria), promotes the drainage of water-dampness from the twelve meridians, breaks up accumulations and hard masses (Zheng Jia), clears retained pathogenic factors and food stagnation in the intestines and stomach, dispels cold-heat pathogenic factors, benefits the water passages, and treats cough due to Phlegm-Rheum (Tan Yin). Grows in the valleys of Xianyang and Zhongmu, Henan. Flowers are harvested in June and dried in the shade.
Tao Hongjing stated: Rao Hua from Zhongmu was previously transported down from the Yellow River. Its shape resembles Wuhua (Genkwa Flos) but is extremely fine, with white flowers. Due to recent isolation of transport routes, it has become nearly unobtainable.
The Annotation of Tang Bencao noted: The seedling of this herb resembles Hu Sui (Coriandrum sativum L.), the stem has no thorns, the flowers are small and yellow, harvested in April and May, and bears no resemblance to Wuhua. Ministers Yu Xi et al., according to the Shu Ben Tu Jing, recorded: The plant grows about two chi tall, on hilltops; it is now available everywhere, with those from Yongzhou being of good quality. Yao Xing Lun recorded: Rao Hua serves as an assistant drug. It treats rebellious Qi causing cough and shortness of breath, swelling and fullness in the throat, Zhu Qi (infectious diseases) and Gu Du (poisoning), masses caused by Pi Qi (accumulated gas/phlegm), and reduces edema.
Yan Yi stated: Rao Hua is very common in the capital region and Luoyang today. Zhang Zhongjing used Rao Hua in the Shanghan Lun to treat diarrhea because it promotes water metabolism. Once the water is eliminated, the diarrhea stops; this is its rationale. However, when used today, one must exercise judgment to avoid excess or deficiency. It should only be used when the corresponding syndrome is present.
Ya Zi
Bitter, sour, cold, toxic. Mainly treats pathogenic heat and hot pathogens, scabies, itching, malignant sores, ulcers, hemorrhoids, and expels white roundworms. Also known as Ye Lang Ya (Wild Wolf Tooth), Ye Lang Chi, Ye Lang Zi, and Quan Ya. Grows in the valleys of Huainan and Yuanju. Roots are harvested in August and sun-dried. Those that have rotted due to dampness and developed fungal growth are lethal. (Wuyi (Carpesium abrotanoides) acts as its assistant; it is incompatible with Diyu (Sanguisorbae Radix) and Zao Ji (Ziziphus spinosa flesh).)
Tao Hongjing stated: It is found everywhere along nearby roads. Its root teeth resemble the teeth of beasts. Ministers Yu Xi et al., according to the Shu Ben Tu Jing, recorded: The seedling resembles She Mei (Duchesnea indica) but is denser and larger, with a deep green color. The root sprouts resemble beast teeth. It is now available everywhere. The roots are harvested in February and March and sun-dried. Yao Xing Lun recorded: Ye Lang Ya acts as an assistant drug, is bitter in taste, can treat wind-induced skin itching, kills Ascaris lumbricoides (Cun Bai Chong), and decocted juice can wash malignant sores. Ri Hua Zi stated: It kills all internal parasites, stops bloody and non-bloody dysentery, and is taken as a decoction.
Tu Jing stated: Ya Zi is Ye Lang Ya Zi. It grows in the valleys of Huainan and Yuanju and is now abundant in Jiangdong and Jiangdong prefectures. The seedling resembles She Mei but is denser and larger, with a deep green color. The roots are black like beast teeth, hence the name. Roots are harvested in March and August and sun-dried. Ancient formulas often used it to treat snake venom. The method: Take the single-stemmed Ye Lang Ya, pound it into a paste, mix with lard from the twelfth lunar month, and apply topically for immediate recovery. Yang Yan's Nan Xing Fang stated: Use leaves before June, and roots after June. Chew raw, wrap in wooden leaves, roast over fire until hot, and apply as a compress to the sore; stop when cool. Zhang Zhongjing also used it alone to treat female yin sores.
Sheng Hui Fang: A wash formula for yin sores: Use five liang of finely chopped Ye Lang Ya, boil in five sheng of water until reduced to three sheng, and wash the area while warm. Waitai Miyao: Fan Wang's formula for Ascaris lumbricoides: Five liang of Ye Lang Ya, pounded into powder, formed into pills the size of hemp seeds with honey. Fast overnight, and the next morning swallow one he of the pill with grain water. Take until cured. Another formula for traumatic injuries: Pound fresh stems and leaves of Ye Lang Ya grass and apply as a poultice; it also stops bleeding. Another formula for female yin erosion or ulceration: Cut three liang of Ye Lang Ya, boil in four sheng of water, strain, add vinegar equivalent to one chicken egg. Soak cotton in the decoction and drip onto the affected area four to five times daily until healed. Qianjin Fang: For pediatric yin sores, wash with a strong decoction of Ye Lang Ya grass. To treat She Gong (also known as Shui Nu Zi, likely referring to Schistosomiasis or similar parasitic infection caused by water exposure): Use Ye Lang Ya leaves or winter roots, pound thoroughly, and apply as a poultice.