\r荜茇\pd193.bmp\r
味辛，大温，无毒。主温中下气，补腰脚，杀腥气，消食，除胃冷，阴疝 癖。其根
名荜茇没，主五劳七伤，阴汗核肿。生波斯国。此药丛生，茎、叶似 酱，子紧细，味辛烈
于酱。（今附）
臣禹锡等谨按日华子云∶治霍乱冷气，心痛血气。陈藏器云∶毕勃没，味辛，温，无毒
。主
冷气呕逆，心腹胀满，食不消，寒疝核肿，妇人内冷无子，治腰肾冷，除血气。生波斯国，
似柴胡黑硬。荜茇根也。
图经曰∶荜茇，出波斯国，今岭南有之，多生竹林内。正月发苗作丛，高三、四尺，其
茎如
箸，
叶青圆，阔二、三寸如桑，面光而浓。三月开花白色在表。七月结子如小指大，长二寸以来
，青黑色，类椹子，九月收采，灰杀曝干。南人爱其辛香，或取叶生茹之。黄牛乳煎其子治
气痢
神良。谨按唐太宗实录云∶贞观中，上以气痢久未痊，服它名医药不应，因诏访求其方
。有卫士进乳煎荜茇法，御用有效。刘禹锡亦记其事云，后累试年长而虚冷者必效。
海药云∶谨按《徐表南州记》，本出南海，长一指，赤褐色为上。复有荜茇，短小黑，
味
不堪
。舶上者味辛，温。又主老冷心痛，水泻虚痢，呕逆醋心，产后泄痢，与阿魏和合良。亦滋
食味。得诃子、人参、桂心、干姜，治脏腑虚冷，肠鸣泄痢，神效。陈藏器云∶ 酱，注苏
云∶荜茇丛生，子细味辛，烈于 酱。按荜茇温中下气，补腰脚，煞腥气，消食，除胃冷，
阴疝 癣。根名荜茇没。主五劳七伤，阴汗核肿。已出《拾遗》。生波斯国，胡人将来此，
调
食用之。唐本注∶今人以调食味。雷公云∶凡使，先去挺，用头醋浸一宿，焙干，以刀刮去
皮粟
子令净方用，免伤人肺，令人上气。圣惠方∶治冷痰饮恶心。用荜茇一两，捣为末，于食前
清粥
饮调半钱服。经验后方∶治偏头疼绝妙。荜茇为末，令患者口中含温水，左边疼，令左鼻吸
一字。右边疼，令右鼻吸一字。效。
衍义曰∶荜茇，走肠胃中冷气、呕吐、心腹满痛。多服走泄真气，令人肠虚下重。
荜茇
味辛，性大温，无毒。主治温中下气，补益腰脚，消除腥气，帮助消化，去除胃寒，治疗阴疝和癖块。其根部名为荜茇没，主治五劳七伤、阴部出汗及睾丸肿胀。产于波斯国。这种药丛生，茎和叶类似酱草（荜拨），果实紧实细小，味道比酱草更辛辣猛烈。（今附）
臣禹锡等人谨按：日华子说：治疗霍乱冷气、心痛及气血病。陈藏器说：毕勃没（即荜茇根），味辛，性温，无毒。主治冷气引起的呕吐逆气、心腹胀满、食物不消化、寒疝及睾丸肿胀，妇女因内冷导致的不孕，治疗腰肾寒冷，消除气血阻滞。产于波斯国，形状像柴胡但黑硬。这是荜茇的根。
《图经》说：荜茇，出自波斯国，现在岭南地区也有，多生长在竹林内。正月发芽成丛生长，高三四尺，茎像筷子一样，叶子青圆，宽二三寸如桑叶，表面光滑且浓绿。三月开白花，位于植株表面。七月结子如小指粗细，长约两寸以上，青黑色，类似桑葚，九月采收，用灰覆盖后晒干。南方人喜爱其辛辣香气，有的取叶子生吃。用黄牛乳煎煮其果实治疗气痢效果极佳。谨按《唐太宗实录》记载：贞观年间，皇上因气痢久治不愈，服用其他名医的药物无效，于是下诏寻求良方。有卫士进献牛乳煎荜茇的方法，御用有效。刘禹锡也记录了这件事，说后来多次尝试，对年长而虚寒的人必定有效。
《海药本草》说：谨按《徐表南州记》，本出南海，长度一指，赤褐色为上乘。另有荜茇，短小黑，味道不佳。从海上运来的荜茇味辛，性温。又主治老年的冷心痛、水样腹泻和虚性痢疾、呕吐反酸、产后泄痢，与阿魏配合使用效果好。也能增加食物的风味。得到诃子、人参、桂心、干姜，可治疗脏腑虚冷、肠鸣泄痢，效果神奇。陈藏器说：荜茇，注苏云：荜茇丛生，果实细小味辛，比荜拨更烈。按荜茇温中下气，补益腰脚，消除腥气，帮助消化，去除胃寒，治疗阴疝和癣。根部名为荜茇没。主治五劳七伤，阴汗睾丸肿胀。已见于《拾遗》。产于波斯国，胡人将其带来此地，调和食用。《唐本草注》说：现在人们用它来调味。雷公说：凡使用，先去掉梗，用头醋浸泡一夜，焙干，用刀刮去表面的皮粟子使其干净才可使用，以免伤害人的肺，引起上气。《圣惠方》：治疗冷痰饮恶心。用荜茇一两，捣为末，在饭前用清粥送服半钱。经验后方：治疗偏头痛绝妙。将荜茇研为末，让患者口中含温水，左边疼，从左鼻孔吸入一字量；右边疼，从右鼻孔吸入一字量。有效。
Bibo (Long Pepper)
Pungent in flavor, greatly warm in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats warming the middle and descending adverse Qi, tonifying the waist and feet, eliminating fishy odors, promoting digestion, removing stomach cold, and treating Yin hernia and masses. Its root is named Bibo Mo, which treats five exhaustions and seven injuries, sweating in the genital area, and testicular swelling. It originates from Persia. This herb grows in clusters; its stems and leaves resemble Bi Bo (Long Pepper Vine), and its fruits are tight and slender, with a pungent and fierce taste stronger than that of Bi Bo. (Added later)
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note: Rihua Zi states that it treats Huoluan (cholera-like syndrome) with cold Qi, heart pain, and blood-Qi disorders. Chen Cangqi states that Bibomo (the root of Long Pepper) is pungent, warm, and non-toxic. It treats vomiting and reflux caused by cold Qi, abdominal distension and fullness, indigestion, cold hernia and testicular swelling, female infertility due to internal cold, coldness of the waist and kidneys, and stagnation of blood and Qi. It originates from Persia, resembling Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) but black and hard. This is the root of Long Pepper.
Tu Jing states: Long Pepper comes from Persia, but is now found in Lingnan, often growing within bamboo forests. In the first lunar month, shoots emerge and grow in clusters, reaching three or four chi in height. The stems are like chopsticks, the leaves are green and round, two to three cun wide like mulberry leaves, smooth and dark green on the surface. In the third month, white flowers appear on the exterior. In the seventh month, fruits form, about the size of a little finger, over two cun long, dark green-black, resembling mulberries. They are harvested in the ninth month, covered with ash, and dried in the sun. Southerners love its pungent aroma and sometimes eat the leaves raw. Decocting the fruits with yellow cow's milk is highly effective for treating Qi dysentery. Respectfully noting the Veritable Records of Emperor Taizong of Tang: During the Zhen Guan era, the Emperor suffered from chronic Qi dysentery. After other famous physicians' remedies failed, an edict was issued to seek prescriptions. A guard presented a method of decocting Long Pepper with milk, which proved effective for the Emperor. Liu Yuxi also recorded this event, stating that subsequent trials showed it was certainly effective for elderly individuals with deficiency-cold.
Hai Yao Ben Cao states: According to Xu Biao's Nan Zhou Ji, it originally came from the South Sea, about one finger-length long, with reddish-brown being the superior grade. There is another type of Long Pepper that is short and black, with inferior taste. Those imported by sea are pungent and warm. It additionally treats old-age cold heart pain, watery diarrhea and deficiency-type dysentery, vomiting with acid regurgitation, postpartum diarrhea and dysentery. It works well when combined with Asafoetida (Asafetidae Resina). It can also enhance food flavors. When combined with Cheqie (Terminalia Chebulae Fructus), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus), and Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), it treats deficiency-cold of the Zang-Fu organs, borborygmus, and diarrhea/dysentery with divine efficacy. Chen Cangqi states: Long Pepper. Zhu Su notes: Long Pepper grows in clusters, with small, pungent fruits, fiercer than Bi Bo. According to records, Long Pepper warms the middle, descends adverse Qi, tonifies the waist and feet, eliminates fishy odors, promotes digestion, removes stomach cold, and treats Yin hernia and tinea. The root is named Bibo Mo, treating five exhaustions and seven injuries, genital sweating, and testicular swelling. This was previously cited in Shi Yi. It originates from Persia, brought here by Hu people for culinary use. Tang Ben Zhu states: Currently, people use it for seasoning. Lei Gong states: For preparation, remove the stalks first, soak in the first vinegar overnight, bake dry, and scrape off the skin and seeds with a knife until clean before use, to avoid damaging the lungs and causing upward rushing of Qi. Sheng Hui Fang: Treats nausea from cold-phlegm-fluid retention. Use one liang of Long Pepper, grind into powder, and take half a qian mixed with clear rice porridge before meals. Jing Yan Hou Fang: Excellent for treating hemianalgesia (hemicrania). Grind Long Pepper into powder. Have the patient hold warm water in their mouth. If the pain is on the left, inhale one zi amount through the left nostril; if on the right, inhale through the right nostril. Effective.
Yan Yi states: Long Pepper disperses cold Qi in the intestines and stomach, treats vomiting, and abdominal fullness and pain. Excessive consumption dissipates true Qi, leading to intestinal emptiness and a sensation of heaviness and bearing down.