\r荭（音红）草\pd206.bmp\r
味咸，微寒，无毒。主消渴，去热，明目，益气。一名鸿 （音缬）。如马蓼而
大，生水旁，五月采实。
陶隐居云∶此类甚多，今生下湿地，极似马蓼，甚长大。《诗》称隰有游龙，注云∶荭
草，
郭景纯云∶即笼古也。今按别本注云∶此即水红也。以为汤，浸疗香港脚。臣禹锡等谨按尔
雅
云∶红，笼古。其大者 。疏引陆机云∶一名马蓼，叶大而赤白色，生水泽中，高丈余。郭
云∶俗呼荭草为笼鼓，语转耳。
图经曰∶荭草，即水红也。旧不着所出州郡，云生水旁，今所在下湿地皆有之。似蓼而
叶大
，
赤白色，高丈余。《尔雅》云∶红，笼古。其大者 （丘追切）。郑诗云∶隰有游龙是也。陆
机云∶一名马蓼。《本经》云∶似马蓼而大。若然，马蓼自是一种也。五月采实，今亦稀用
。但取根、茎作汤，捋香港脚耳。
陈藏器云∶作汤浸水气，恶疮肿，佳。唐本注云∶有毛，花红白，除恶疮肿，香港脚，煮
浓
汁渍之，多瘥。
衍义文具水蓼条下。
\r沙草根\pd207.bmp\r
味甘，微寒，无毒。主除胸中热，充皮毛。久服利人，益气，长须眉。一名 （音
号），一名侯莎。其实名缇。生田野，二月、八月采。
陶隐居云∶方药亦不复用。《离骚》云∶青莎杂树，繁草 （音髓）靡（音美）。古人为
诗多
用
之，而无识者。乃有鼠 ，疗体异此。唐本注云∶此草，根名香子，一名雀头香。大下气，
除胸腹中热，所在有之。茎、叶都似三棱，根若附子，周匝多毛。交州者最胜。大者如枣，
近道者如杏仁许。荆襄人谓之莎草根，合和香用之。
图经曰∶莎草根，又名香附子。旧不着所出州土，但云生田野，今处处有之。或云交州
者胜
大如枣，近道者如杏仁许。苗、茎、叶都似三棱，根若附子，周匝多毛。今近道生者，苗、
叶如薤而瘦，根如箸头大。二月、八月采。谨按《天宝单方图》载水香棱，功状与此颇相
类，但味差不同。其方云∶水香棱，味辛，微寒，无毒，性涩。元生博平郡池泽中，苗名香
棱，根名莎结，亦名草附子。河南及淮南下湿地即有，名水莎，陇西谓之地 根，蜀郡名续
根草，亦名水巴戟。今涪都最饶，名三棱草。用茎作鞋履，所在皆有。单服治肺风。又云∶
其药疗丈夫心肺中虚风及客热，膀胱间连胁下时有气妨，皮肤瘙痒瘾疹，饮食不多，日渐瘦
损，常有忧愁，心忪少气等。并春收苗及花，阴干。入冬采根，切，贮于风凉处。有患前病
者，取苗二十余斤，锉，以水二石五斗，煮取一石五斗。于浴斛中浸身，令汗出五、六度。
浸兼浴，其肺中风，皮肤痒即止。每载四时常用，则瘾疹风永瘥。其心中客热，膀胱间连胁
下气妨，常日忧愁不乐，兼心忪者，取根二大斤，切，熬令香，以生绢袋盛贮，于三大斗无
灰清酒中浸之。春三月浸一日即堪服，冬十月后即七日，近暖处乃佳。每空腹服一盏，日夜
三、四服之，常令酒气相续，以知为度。若不饮酒，即取根十两，加桂心五两，芜荑三两，
和捣为散，以蜜和为丸，捣一千杵，丸如梧子大。每空腹，以酒及姜蜜汤饮汁等，下二十丸
，日再服，渐加至三十丸，以瘥为度。
雷公云∶凡采得后，阴干，于石臼中捣，勿令犯铁，用之切忌尔。
衍义曰∶莎草，其根上如枣核者，又谓之香附子。亦入印香中，亦能走气，今人多用。
虽生
于莎草根，然根上或有或无。有薄皲皮，紫黑色，非多毛也。刮去皮则色白。若便以根为，
则误矣。其味苦。
荭草（音红）
味道咸，性微寒，无毒。主治消渴病，清除热邪，明目，补气。又名鸿草（音缬）。形状像马蓼但更大，生长在水边，五月采集果实。
陶隐居说：这类植物很多，现在生长在低湿之地，极像马蓼，非常高大。《诗经》中说“隰有游龙”，注解说：荭草。郭景纯说：就是笼古。现在查看其他版本的注解说：这就是水红。煮成汤剂，浸泡治疗香港脚（足部湿疹或真菌感染）。臣禹锡等人谨按《尔雅》说：红，即笼古。其中大的叫（丘追切）。疏引陆机说：又名马蓼，叶子大而呈赤白色，生长在水泽中，高一丈多。郭说：俗呼荭草为笼鼓，是语音转变罢了。
《图经》说：荭草，就是水红。旧籍不记载出产的州郡，说生长在水边，现在各地低湿处都有。像蓼草但叶子大，赤白色，高一丈多。《尔雅》说：红，即笼古。其中大的叫（丘追切）。郑玄诗注说：隰有游龙就是指的这个。陆机说：又名马蓼。《本经》说：像马蓼但更大。如果这样，马蓼自然是一种独立的植物。五月采集果实，现在也很少使用。只是取根、茎煮汤，浸泡治疗香港脚罢了。
陈藏器说：煮汤浸泡水气引起的恶疮肿，效果佳。唐本注说：有毛，花红白，除恶疮肿，香港脚，煮浓汁浸泡，大多痊愈。
《衍义》在“水蓼”条下详细记载。
莎草根
味道甘，性微寒，无毒。主治清除胸中热，滋养皮毛。久服对人有益，补气，使胡须眉毛生长。又名（音号），又名侯莎。它的果实名叫缇。生长在田野，二月、八月采集。
陶隐居说：方药中也不再使用。《离骚》说：青莎杂树，繁草（音髓）靡（音美）。古人写诗多用它，但没有认识的人。甚至有鼠（某种鼠类），疗效与此不同。唐本注说：这种草，根名叫香子，又名雀头香。大能下气，清除胸腹中热，各地都有。茎、叶都像三棱草，根像附子，周围多毛。交州的最好。大的像枣，近道处的像杏仁大小。荆襄人叫它莎草根，配合香料使用。
《图经》说：莎草根，又名香附子。旧籍不记载出产的地方，只说生长在田野，现在到处都有。有人说交州的最好，大的像枣，近道处的像杏仁大小。苗、茎、叶都像三棱草，根像附子，周围多毛。现在近道生长的，苗、叶像薤而瘦，根像筷子头大。二月、八月采集。谨按《天宝单方图》记载水香棱，功效状况与此很相似，但味道略有不同。那个方子说：水香棱，味辛，微寒，无毒，性涩。原本生长在博平郡池泽中，苗名叫香棱，根名叫莎结，也叫草附子。河南及淮南低湿地就有，名叫水莎，陇西叫地（某字）根，蜀郡叫续根草，也叫水巴戟。现在涪都最丰富，名叫三棱草。用茎做鞋履，各地都有。单用治疗肺风。又说：其药治疗男子心肺虚风和客热，膀胱间连胁下时有气阻碍，皮肤瘙痒瘾疹，饮食不多，日渐消瘦，常有忧愁，心悸少气等。都在春季收苗和花，阴干。入冬采根，切片，储存在通风凉爽处。患有前病的人，取苗二十多斤，切碎，用水二石五斗，煮取一石五斗。在浴桶中浸泡身体，令出汗五六次。浸泡兼洗浴，肺中风，皮肤痒就停止。每次载四时常用，则瘾疹风永远痊愈。心中客热，膀胱间连胁下气阻碍，常日忧愁不乐，兼有心悸的，取根两大斤，切片，炒至香，用生绢袋盛装，在三斗无灰清酒中浸泡。春三月浸一天就可以服用，冬十月后七天，靠近暖处更好。每空腹服一盏，日夜三、四次服用，常令酒气相续，以感觉有效为度。如果不饮酒，就取根十两，加桂心五两，芜荑三两，混合捣碎为散，用蜜和成丸，捣一千杵，丸如梧桐子大。每空腹，用酒及姜蜜汤送服，每次二十丸，每天两次，逐渐加到三十丸，以痊愈为度。
雷公说：凡是采集后，阴干，在石臼中捣，不要让铁接触，使用时切忌这一点。
《衍义》说：莎草，其根上像枣核的，又叫香附子。也加入印香中，也能行气，现在人多用。虽然生于莎草根，但根上或有或无。有薄皲皮，紫黑色，不是多毛。刮去皮则色白。如果直接把根当作（某物），那就错了。其味苦。
Hong Cao (Polygonum hydropiper var. chinense)
Taste: Salty. Nature: Slightly cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Treats Xiao Ke (wasting and thirsting syndrome), clears heat, brightens the eyes, and tonifies Qi. Also known as Hong Cao (Xie). It resembles Ma Liao (Persicaria maculosa) but is larger, grows by the water, and its fruits are harvested in May.
Tao Hongjing stated: There are many such plants; those currently found in low, wet areas closely resemble Ma Liao and are very tall. The *Classic of Poetry* mentions "You Long in the marshes," with annotations stating that You Long refers to Hong Cao. Guo Jingchun said it is also called Long Gu. According to notes in other editions, this is Shui Hong (Water Smartweed). Decocted into a soup and used for soaking, it treats Hong Jiao Foot (podagra or tinea pedis). Ministers Yu Xi et al. respectfully consulted the *Erya*, which states: "Hong" is Long Gu. The larger ones are called [Qiu Zhui]. The commentary cites Lu Ji, saying it is also named Ma Liao, with large leaves that are red and white, growing in marshes, reaching over one zhang in height. Guo noted that colloquially Hong Cao is called Long Gu, due to phonetic shift.
The *Illustrated Classic* states: Hong Cao is Shui Hong. Old texts do not specify the provinces where it originates, only that it grows by the water; now it is found in low, wet areas everywhere. It resembles Polygonum but has larger leaves, is red and white, and grows over one zhang high. The *Erya* says: "Hong" is Long Gu. The larger ones are called [Qiu Zhui]. Zheng Xuan's commentary on the *Shi Jing* says: "You Long in the marshes" refers to this. Lu Ji said it is also named Ma Liao. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* says it resembles Ma Liao but is larger. If so, Ma Liao is naturally a distinct species. Fruits are harvested in May, though they are rarely used nowadays. Only the roots and stems are taken, decocted into soup, and used for soaking to treat Hong Jiao Foot.
Chen Cangqi said: Decocted into soup and soaked, it treats water-dampness-induced severe sores and swelling, with good efficacy. The *Tang Bencao Zhu* noted: It has hairs, flowers are red and white, removes severe sores and swelling, and Hong Jiao Foot; boiling a concentrated juice for soaking cures most cases.
*Yanyi* details this under the entry for Shui Liao (Water Pepper).
Sha Cao Gen (Cyperus rotundus Root)
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Slightly cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Clears heat in the chest, nourishes skin and hair. Long-term use benefits the body, tonifies Qi, and promotes the growth of beard and eyebrows. Also known as [Hao], and Hou Sha. Its fruit is named Ti. Grows in fields, harvested in February and August.
Tao Hongjing stated: It is no longer used in prescriptions. The *Li Sao* says: "Green Sha mixed with trees, lush grass [Sui] sways [Mei]." Ancient poets often used it, but few recognized it. Some confuse it with Mouse [Something], which has different therapeutic effects. The *Tang Bencao Zhu* noted: The root of this herb is named Xiang Zi, also known as Que Tou Xiang. It strongly directs Qi downward and clears heat in the chest and abdomen; it is found everywhere. The stems and leaves resemble San Leng (Burreed Rhizome), and the root resembles Fu Zi (Aconite Root), surrounded by many hairs. Those from Jiaozhou are the best. Large ones are like dates, while those near roads are like apricot kernels. People in Jingxiang call it Sha Cao Gen and use it blended with incense.
The *Illustrated Classic* states: Sha Cao Gen is also called Xiang Fu Zi. Old texts do not record its origin, only that it grows in fields; now it is ubiquitous. Some say those from Jiaozhou are superior, large as dates, while nearby ones are like apricot kernels. The seedling, stem, and leaves all resemble San Leng; the root resembles Fu Zi, covered in hairs. Those growing near roads have seedlings and leaves like Xie (Scallion) but thinner, with roots the size of chopstick heads. Harvested in February and August. Respectfully consulting the *Tianbao Danfang Tu*, it records Shui Xiang Leng, whose functions are quite similar to this, though the taste differs slightly. That text states: Shui Xiang Leng tastes pungent, is slightly cold, non-toxic, and astringent. It originally grew in the ponds of Bobing Commandery; the seedling is named Xiang Leng, the root is named Sha Jie, also called Cao Fu Zi. It exists in the low wetlands of Henan and Huainan, named Shui Sha; in Longxi, it is called Di [Gen]; in Shu Commandery, it is Xu Gen Cao, also Shui Ba Ji. Currently, Fudu has the most abundance, named San Leng Cao. The stems are used to make shoes, available everywhere. Used alone to treat Fei Feng (Wind affecting the lungs). It also states: This medicine treats men's deficiency wind and external heat in the heart and lungs, qi obstruction connecting the bladder area to the hypochondrium, skin itching and urticaria, poor appetite, gradual emaciation, constant sorrow, palpitations, and shortness of Qi. All seedlings and flowers are collected in spring and dried in shade. Roots are harvested in winter, sliced, and stored in cool, ventilated places. For those suffering from the aforementioned ailments, take over twenty jin of seedlings, chop them, boil in two dan five dou of water until reduced to one dan five dou. Soak the body in a bathtub until sweating occurs five or six times. Soaking combined with bathing stops lung wind and skin itching. Regular use throughout the four seasons ensures permanent cure of urticaria and wind. For internal heat, qi obstruction in the bladder/hypochondrium, chronic sorrow, and palpitations, take two large jin of roots, slice, stir-fry until fragrant, place in a raw silk bag, and soak in three dou of clear wine without ash. In spring, soak for one day before consumption; in winter (after the tenth month), soak for seven days, preferably in a warm place. Take one cup on an empty stomach, three to four times daily, maintaining a continuous mild alcohol sensation, stopping when effective. If abstaining from alcohol, take ten liang of root, add five liang of Gui Xin (Cinnamon Twig Heart), three liang of Wu Yi (Myrobalan), grind into powder, mix with honey to form pills the size of wutong seeds. On an empty stomach, swallow twenty pills with wine or ginger-honey tea, twice daily, gradually increasing to thirty pills until cured.
Lei Gong said: After harvesting, dry in shade, pound in a stone mortar, avoiding iron contact; this must be strictly observed.
*Yanyi* stated: Sha Cao, specifically the root resembling a date pit, is also called Xiang Fu Zi. It is also added to Indian incense and can move Qi; it is widely used today. Although derived from Sha Cao Gen, the presence of the specific root part varies. It has thin cracked skin, purple-black in color, not hairy. Scraping off the skin reveals white flesh. Mistaking the whole root for the specific medicinal part is erroneous. Its taste is bitter.