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味苦、辛，温、微寒，无毒。主恶血，破症结积聚，喉痹，乳难，身体风痒，头痛
，咳逆伤肺，肺痿，止烦下气，小儿头疮，痈肿阴 ，可作摩粉。其叶主风痒，可煮以浴。
久服长肌肉，明目，轻身。一名旁通，一名屈人，一名止行，一名豺羽，一名升推，一名即
藜，一名茨。生冯翊平泽或道旁。七月、八月采实，曝干。（乌头为之使。）
陶隐居云∶多生道上，而叶布地，子有刺，状如菱而小。长安最饶，人行多着木屐。今
军家
乃铸铁作之，以布敌路，亦呼蒺藜。《易》云∶据于蒺藜。言其凶伤。《诗》云∶墙有茨，
不可扫也。以刺梗秽也。方用甚稀尔。今按别本注云∶《本经》云温，《别录》云寒。此
药性宣通，久服不冷而无壅热，则其温也。臣禹锡等谨按尔雅云∶茨，蒺藜。注∶布地蔓
生
，细叶，子有三角刺人。药性论云∶白蒺藜子，君，味甘，有小毒。治诸风 疡，破宿血，
疗吐脓，主难产，去躁热，不入汤用。日华子云∶治奔豚，肾气，肺气，胸膈满，催生并堕
胎，益精，疗肿毒及水脏冷，小便多，止遗沥泄精，溺血。入药不计丸散，并炒去刺用。
图经曰∶蒺藜子，生冯翊平泽或道旁。七月、八月采实，曝干。又冬采。黄白色，类军
家铁
蒺藜
。此《诗》所谓墙有茨者。郭璞注《尔雅》云∶布地蔓生，细叶，子有三角刺人是也。又一
种白蒺藜，今生同州沙苑，牧马草地最多，而近道亦有之。绿叶细蔓，绵布沙上，七月开花
，黄紫色，如豌豆花而小。九月结实，作荚子，便可采。其实味甘而微腥，褐绿色，与蚕种
子相类而差大。又与马 子酷相类，但马 子微大，不堪入药，须细辨之。今人多用。然古
方云∶蒺藜子皆用有刺者，治风明目最良。神仙方亦有单饵蒺藜，云不问黑白，但取坚实者
，舂去刺用。兼主痔漏，阴汗及妇人发乳，带下。葛洪治卒中五尸，捣蒺藜子，蜜丸，服如
胡豆二枚。日三，愈。
雷公云∶凡使，采后净拣，择了蒸，从午至酉，出，日干。于木臼中舂，令皮上刺尽，
用酒
拌
再蒸，从午至酉，出，日干用。圣惠方∶治鼻塞多年，不闻香臭，水出不止。以蒺藜二握
，
当道车碾过，以水一大盏，煮取半盏。仰卧，先满口含饭，以汁一合灌鼻中。不过再灌之，
嚏出一两个息肉，似赤蛹虫，即瘥。外台秘要∶治急引腰脊痛。捣末蜜和丸，酒服如胡豆大
二
丸，日三服。又方∶补肝散∶治三十年失明。蒺藜子七月七日收，阴干捣散。食后水服方寸
匕
。又方∶治肿。蒺藜子一升熬令黄，捣筛，以麻油和如泥，炒令焦黑，以涂故布上，剪如肿
大
，勿开头 上。又方∶治蛔虫攻心如刺，吐清汁。七月七日采蒺藜子，阴干作灰。先食服方
寸
匕，日三。又方∶治一切疔肿。蒺藜子一升作灰，以酽酢和封头上，如破，涂之佳。又方∶
备急
小儿蠼 疮，绕身匝即死。以蒺藜捣叶敷之，无叶用子亦可。千金方∶涂疮肿。蒺藜蔓洗，
三
寸截之，以水五升，煮取二升，去滓，纳铜器中，又煮取一升，纳小器中，如稠糖下，取敷
疮肿上。又方∶治遍身风痒，生疮疥。以蒺藜子苗煮汤洗之，立瘥。《千金翼》同。梅师方
∶治
难产碍胎在腹中，如已见儿，并胞衣不出，胎死。蒺藜子、贝母各四两，为末。米汤下一匙
，相去四、五里不下，再服。孙真人食忌∶治白癜风。以白蒺藜子生捣为末，作汤服之。神
仙
秘旨云∶服蒺藜子一硕，当七、八月熟时收，日干，舂去刺，然后杵为末。每服二钱，新汲
水
调下，日三服，勿令中绝，断谷长生。服之一年以后，冬不寒，夏不热。服之二年，老者复
少，发白复黑，齿落重生。服之三年，身轻长生。
衍义曰∶蒺藜有两等∶一等杜蒺藜，即今之道旁布地而生。或生墙上，有小黄花，结芒
刺，
此
正是墙有茨者。花收摘，荫干为末，每服三、二钱，饭后以温酒调服，治白癜风。又一种白
蒺藜，出同州沙苑收马处。黄紫花，作荚，结子如羊内肾。补肾药，今人多用。风家唯用刺
蒺藜。
味苦、辛，性温、微寒，无毒。主治恶血（瘀血），破除症结积聚（腹内肿块），喉痹（咽喉肿痛闭塞），乳难（乳汁不通），身体风痒，头痛，咳逆伤肺（咳嗽气逆损伤肺脏），肺痿（肺叶枯萎萎缩之病），止烦下气，小儿头疮，痈肿阴部湿疮，可制成摩粉（外用按摩用的粉末）。其叶主治风痒，可煮水洗澡。长期服用能长肌肉，明目，轻身（使身体轻盈）。又名旁通，又名屈人，又名止行，又名豺羽，又名升推，又名即藜，又名茨。产于冯翊平泽或道路两旁。七月、八月采集果实，晒干。（乌头为其使药。）
陶隐居说：多生长在道路上，叶子铺在地上，果实有刺，形状像菱角但较小。长安最丰富，行人多穿木屐。现在军队则铸造铁制的来布在敌路上，也称蒺藜。《易经》说：“据于蒺藜。”指其凶险受伤。《诗经》说：“墙有茨，不可扫也。”因为刺梗杂乱污秽。药用很少。现在参考其他版本注解说：《本经》说性温，《别录》说性寒。此药性宣通，久服不冷且无壅滞发热，所以说是温的。臣禹锡等谨按《尔雅》说：茨，就是蒺藜。注解说：铺地蔓生，细叶，果实有三角刺人。《药性论》说：白蒺藜子，为君药，味甘，有小毒。治各种风疡，破宿血，疗吐脓，主难产，去躁热，不入汤剂使用。日华子说：治奔豚（气从少腹上冲心胸），肾气，肺气，胸膈满，催生并堕胎，益精，疗肿毒及水脏冷，小便多，止遗沥泄精，溺血。入药不论丸散，都炒去刺使用。
《图经》说：蒺藜子，产于冯翊平泽或道路两旁。七月、八月采集果实，晒干。又冬季采集。黄白色，类似军队用的铁蒺藜。这就是《诗经》所说的“墙有茨”。郭璞注《尔雅》说：铺地蔓生，细叶，果实有三角刺人，就是这个。另一种白蒺藜，现在同州沙苑，牧马草地最多，近道也有。绿叶细蔓，绵布沙上，七月开花，黄紫色，像豌豆花但较小。九月结实，作荚果，便可采集。其实味甘而微腥，褐绿色，与蚕种子相似但稍大。又与马蔺子酷相类似，只是马蔺子稍大，不堪入药，须仔细辨别。现在人多用这种。然而古方说：蒺藜子都用有刺的，治风明目最好。神仙方也有单服蒺藜，说不问黑白，只要取坚实的，舂去刺使用。兼治痔漏，阴汗及妇人发乳，带下。葛洪治卒中五尸，捣蒺藜子，蜜丸，服如胡豆大小两枚。一天三次，痊愈。
雷公说：凡是使用，采集后净拣，择好蒸，从午时到酉时，取出，晒干。在木臼中舂，让皮上的刺尽除，用酒拌再蒸，从午时到酉时，取出，晒干使用。《圣惠方》：治鼻塞多年，不闻香臭，水出不止。用蒺藜二把，被道路车辆碾过，用水一大盏，煮取半盏。仰卧，先满口含饭，以汁一合灌鼻中。不超过两次灌入，嚏出一两个息肉，似赤蛹虫，即愈。《外台秘要》：治急引腰脊痛。捣末蜜和丸，酒服如胡豆大小二丸，一天三次服。又一方：补肝散：治三十年失明。蒺藜子七月七日收，阴干捣散。食后水服方寸匕。又一方：治肿。蒺藜子一升熬令黄，捣筛，以麻油和如泥，炒令焦黑，涂在旧布上，剪如肿大小，不要开头上。又一方：治蛔虫攻心如刺，吐清汁。七月七日采蒺藜子，阴干作灰。先食服方寸匕，一天三次。又一方：治一切疔肿。蒺藜子一升作灰，以浓醋和封头上，如果破了，涂之佳。又一方：备急小儿蠼螋疮，绕身匝即死。用蒺藜捣叶敷之，无叶用子亦可。《千金方》：涂疮肿。蒺藜蔓洗，三寸截之，用水五升，煮取二升，去滓，纳铜器中，又煮取一升，纳小器中，如稠糖下，取敷疮肿上。又一方：治遍身风痒，生疮疥。用蒺藜子苗煮汤洗之，立愈。《千金翼》相同。梅师方：治难产碍胎在腹中，如已见儿，并胞衣不出，胎死。蒺藜子、贝母各四两，为末。米汤下一匙，相距四五里不下，再服。孙真人食忌：治白癜风。用白蒺藜子生捣为末，作汤服之。《神仙秘旨》说：服蒺藜子一硕，当七、八月熟时收，晒干，舂去刺，然后杵为末。每服二钱，新汲水调下，一天三次服，勿令中断，断谷长生。服之一年以后，冬不寒，夏不热。服之二年，老者复少，发白复黑，齿落重生。服之三年，身轻长生。
《衍义》说：蒺藜有两等：一等杜蒺藜，就是现在的道路旁铺地而生。或生在墙上，有小黄花，结芒刺，这正是“墙有茨”者。花收摘，荫干为末，每服三、二钱，饭后以温酒调服，治白癜风。又一种白蒺藜，出同州沙苑收马处。黄紫花，作荚，结子如羊内肾。补肾药，现在人多用。风家唯用刺蒺藜。
Jili Zi (Tribuli Fructus)
Bitter, pungent, warm, slightly cold, non-toxic. It primarily treats evil blood (stasis), breaks up masses and accumulations (abdominal lumps), relieves throat bi (swelling and obstruction of the throat), facilitates lactation (difficult milk secretion), alleviates body wind-itching, headache, cough with qi rebellion injuring the lung, lung萎 (withering of the lung tissue), stops irritability and directs qi downward, treats infant head sores, carbuncles, and damp sores in the yin region; it can be made into a powder for external massage. Its leaves treat wind-itching and can be boiled for bathing. Long-term consumption promotes muscle growth, brightens the eyes, and lightens the body. It is also known as Pangtong, Quren, Zhixing, Chaiyu, Shengtui, Jili, and Ci. It grows in Pingze of Fengyi or by the roadside. The fruits are harvested in July and August and dried in the sun. (Aconitum carmichaelii root is its assistant herb.)
Tao Hongjing stated: It grows abundantly on roadsides, with leaves spreading on the ground. The fruits have thorns, resembling water caltrops but smaller. Chang'an has the most abundant supply, and pedestrians often wear wooden clogs. Nowadays, the military casts iron ones to scatter on enemy paths, also called Jili. The *Book of Changes* says: "Resting on Jili," indicating danger and injury. The *Classic of Poetry* says: "There are weeds on the wall, which cannot be swept away," referring to the tangled thorny stems. It is rarely used in prescriptions. Now, consulting other editions' notes: The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states it is warm, while the *Bencao Jing Jiuzhu* states it is cold. This drug's nature is unblocking and circulating; long-term use does not cause coldness nor stagnation with heat, thus it is considered warm. Ministers Yuxi et al. respectfully note that according to the *Erya*: "Ci is Jili." The annotation states: "Spreading on the ground via vines, with fine leaves, fruits having triangular thorns piercing people." The *Yaoxing Lun* states: White Jili Zi is the sovereign herb, sweet in taste, slightly toxic. It treats various wind-related ulcers, breaks old blood stasis, treats vomiting of pus, manages difficult labor, removes restlessness and heat, and is not used in decoctions. Ri Huazi stated: It treats running piglet syndrome (Qi rushing from lower abdomen to chest), kidney Qi issues, lung Qi issues, chest and diaphragm fullness, induces labor and causes abortion, benefits essence, treats swellings and toxins, coldness of the water organ, frequent urination, stops dribbling urine and seminal emission, and hematuria. For medicinal use, whether in pills or powders, it must be stir-fried to remove thorns.
The *Tujing* states: Jili Zi grows in Pingze of Fengyi or by the roadside. Fruits are harvested in July and August and dried in the sun. Winter harvesting is also practiced. They are yellowish-white, resembling the military's iron Jili. This is what the *Classic of Poetry* refers to as "weeds on the wall." Guo Pu's annotation of the *Erya* states: "Spreading on the ground via vines, with fine leaves, fruits having triangular thorns piercing people," which is correct. Another type, white Jili Zi, now grows in Shayuan of Tongzhou, where horse pastures are most abundant, and also near roads. It has green leaves and fine vines, spreading densely on sand. It flowers in July, with yellow-purple flowers, similar to pea flowers but smaller. It bears fruit in September, forming pods, ready for harvest. The fruit tastes sweet and slightly fishy, brownish-green, resembling silkworm seeds but slightly larger. It closely resembles Ma Lin Zi (Iris tectori seed), but Ma Lin Zi is slightly larger and unsuitable for medicine; careful distinction is required. Nowadays, people mostly use this type. However, ancient formulas state: Jili Zi should always be the thorny variety, which is best for treating wind and brightening the eyes. Immortal formulas also include single-drug Jili consumption, stating that regardless of color, choose firm ones, pound to remove thorns, and use. It additionally treats hemorrhoids and fistulas, sweaty yin, and women's breast abscesses and leukorrhea. Ge Hong treated sudden stroke with five corpse pathogens by pounding Jili Zi, making honey pills, taking two pills the size of broad beans three times a day until cured.
Lei Gong stated: Whenever used, after harvesting, clean and select, then steam from Wu hour to You hour, take out, and dry in the sun. Pound in a wooden mortar until all thorns on the skin are removed. Mix with wine, steam again from Wu hour to You hour, take out, and dry in the sun for use. The *Shenghui Fang* treats chronic nasal congestion, inability to smell, and continuous watery discharge. Take two handfuls of Jili Zi, run over by carts on the road, boil one large cup of water until half remains. Lie supine, fill mouth with rice, and pour one heaping spoonful of juice into the nose. After no more than two instillations, sneeze out one or two polyps resembling red pupae worms, and the condition will heal. The *Waitai Miyao* treats acute pulling pain in the waist and spine. Pound into powder, mix with honey to make pills, take two pills the size of broad beans with wine, three times a day. Another formula: Bu Gan San (Liver-Nourishing Powder) treats thirty years of blindness. Harvest Jili Zi on the seventh day of the seventh month, dry in shade, pound into powder. Take one fangcun bi (measure) with water after meals. Another formula: Treats swelling. Roast one sheng of Jili Zi until yellow, pound and sieve, mix with sesame oil into a paste, stir-fry until charred black, spread on old cloth, cut to match the size of the swelling, do not cover the center. Another formula: Treats roundworm attacking the heart like stabbing, vomiting clear fluid. Harvest Jili Zi on the seventh day of the seventh month, dry in shade, turn to ash. Take one fangcun bi before meals, three times a day. Another formula: Treats all types of ding sores. Turn one sheng of Jili Zi to ash, mix with strong vinegar to seal the top; if broken, apply externally. Another formula: Emergency treatment for children's qusu sores (ulcerative lesions); if encircling the body, death ensues. Pound Jili leaves and apply; if no leaves, use seeds. The *Qianjin Fang* treats sores and swellings. Wash Jili vines, cut into three-cun pieces, boil five sheng of water until two sheng remain, strain, put in a copper vessel, boil again until one sheng remains, cool into a thick syrup consistency, and apply to sores and swellings. Another formula: Treats generalized wind-itching and scabies. Boil Jili Zi and seedlings in water and wash; immediate cure. The *Qianjin Yifang* agrees. Mei Shi Fang treats difficult labor with fetus obstructing in the abdomen, visible fetus, retained placenta, or dead fetus. Use four liang each of Jili Zi and Beimu, pound into powder. Take one spoonful with rice soup; if not delivered after traveling four or five li, take another dose. Sun Simiao's Food Taboos treats vitiligo. Pound raw white Jili Zi into powder, make into a decoction and drink. The *Shenxian Mizhi* states: Consume one shuo of Jili Zi, harvested when ripe in July and August, dried in the sun, pounded to remove thorns, then processed into powder. Take two qian each time, mixed with fresh drawn water, three times a day, without interruption, to achieve grain avoidance and longevity. After one year of consumption, one feels neither cold in winter nor hot in summer. After two years, the elderly appear youthful, white hair turns black, and fallen teeth regrow. After three years, the body becomes light and one achieves longevity.
The *Yanyi* states: There are two types of Jili: One is Du Jili, which grows spreading on the ground by roadsides or on walls, producing small yellow flowers and sharp thorns; this is exactly the "weed on the wall" mentioned. The flowers are harvested, shaded-dried, and powdered. Take two or three qian each time, mixed with warm wine after meals, to treat vitiligo. The other type is white Jili Zi, sourced from the horse collection areas in Shayuan, Tongzhou. It has yellow-purple flowers, forms pods, and bears seeds resembling sheep kidneys. It is used in kidney-tonifying medicines and is widely used nowadays. Practitioners treating wind disorders exclusively use the thorny Jili.