味咸，寒，有毒。主血瘀症坚，寒热，破积聚，喉咽闭内塞，无子，通利血脉
。生晋阳川泽及人家屋间，立秋采。
陶隐居云∶形亦似 虫而轻小能飞，本在草中。八月、九月知寒，多入人家屋里逃尔。
有两、三种，以作廉姜气者为真，南人亦啖之。唐本注云∶此虫，味辛辣而臭，汉中人食之，
言
月、八
谓之
图经文具木虻条下。
\r （音拓）虫\pd445.bmp\r
味咸，寒，有毒。主心腹寒热洗洗，血积症瘕，破坚，下血闭，生子大良。一
一名土鳖。生河东川泽及沙中、人家墙壁下土中湿处。十月曝干。（畏皂荚、菖蒲
陶隐居云∶形扁扁如鳖，故名土鳖，而有甲，不能飞，小有臭气，今人家亦有之。唐本
注云
臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶ 虫，使，畏屋游，味苦、咸。治月水不通，破留血积聚。
图经曰∶ 虫，生河东川泽及沙中、人家墙壁下土中湿处，状似鼠妇，而大者寸余，形
扁如
病方∶
下血之
衍义曰∶ 虫，今人谓之簸箕虫，为其像形也。乳脉不行，研一枚，水半合，滤清，服，
勿
\r鲛鱼皮\pd446.bmp\r
主蛊气，蛊疰方∶用之。即装刀靶（音霸） （音鹊）鱼皮也。
唐本注云∶出南海，形似鳖，无脚而有尾。今按陈藏器本草云∶一名沙鱼，一名鳆鱼。
皮
惟无
图经曰∶鲛鱼皮，旧不着所出州土。苏恭云出南海。形似鳖无脚而有尾。《山海经》云∶
鲛
，沙鱼，其皮可以饰剑是也。今南人但谓之沙鱼。然有二种∶其最大而长喙如锯者，谓之胡
沙
，性善而肉美；小而皮粗者曰白沙，肉强而有小毒。二种彼人皆盐为修脯，其皮刮治去沙，
翦为脍，皆食品之美者，食之益人。然皆不类鳖，盖其种类之别耳。胡洽治五尸鬼疰，百毒
恶气等，鲛鱼皮散主之。鲛鱼皮（炙）、朱砂、雄黄、金牙、椒、天雄、细辛、鬼臼、麝香、
干姜、鸡舌香、桂心、莽草各一两，贝母半两，蜈蚣（炙）、蜴蜥（炙）各二枚，凡十六物，
治
，下筛，温清酒服半钱匕，日三，渐增至五分匕，亦可带之。中用蜈蚣、蜴蜥，皆此品类中
，故并载方。
陈藏器云∶皮主食鱼中毒，烧末服之。鳆鱼皮，是装刀靶者，正是沙鱼也。石决明，又
名鳆
鱼甲，一边着石，光明可爱，此虫族，非鱼类，乃是同名耳。沙鱼，一名鲛鱼，子随母行，
惊即从口入母腹也，其鱼状貌非一，皮上有沙，堪揩木，如木贼也。食疗云∶平。补五脏。
作脍食之，亚于鲫鱼。作 食之并同。又，如有大患喉闭，取胆汁和白矾灰，丸之如豆颗，
绵裹纳喉中。良久吐恶涎沫，即喉咙开。腊月取之。海药谨按《名医别录》云∶生南海
。味甘，咸，无毒。主心气鬼疰，蛊毒，吐血，皮上有珍珠斑。
衍义曰∶鲛鱼、沙鱼皮，一等形稍异，今人取皮饰鞍、剑。余如《经》。
【蜚蠊】
味咸，性寒，有毒。主治血瘀证导致的坚硬肿块，寒热往来，破除积聚，治疗喉咽闭塞不通，以及无子（不孕），通利血脉。
生长在晋阳的川泽及人家屋檐间，立秋时采收。
陶隐居说：形状也像虻虫但轻小能飞，本来在草丛中。八月、九月感知到寒冷，多进入人家屋里躲避。有两三种，以带有姜气的是真品，南方人也食用它。唐本注说：这种虫，味道辛辣且臭，汉中人吃它，（原文此处有缺漏，据上下文推测可能指特定月份或名称，如“谓之...”）。图经的内容详细记载在木虻条下。
【土鳖虫】
味咸，性寒，有毒。主治心腹寒战发抖，血积症瘕，破除坚硬，通下血闭，对生子很有好处。
又名土鳖。生长在河东的川泽及沙中、人家墙壁下的潮湿土壤中。十月晒干。（畏忌皂荚、菖蒲）
陶隐居说：形状扁扁像鳖，所以叫土鳖，但有甲壳，不能飞，有轻微臭味，现在人家也有。唐本注说...
臣禹锡等人按药性论说：土鳖虫，使药，畏屋游（一种害虫），味苦、咸。治疗月经不通，破除留滞的血积。
图经说：土鳖虫，生长在河东的川泽及沙中、人家墙壁下的潮湿土壤中，形状像鼠妇，大的有一寸多长，形状扁平像鳖。
病方：治疗下血的...
衍义说：土鳖虫，现在人叫它簸箕虫，因为它的形状像簸箕。乳汁不通，研磨一枚，用水半合，过滤澄清后服用，不要...
【鲛鱼皮】
主治蛊气，蛊疰方中使用它。就是装饰刀靶的沙鱼皮。
唐本注说：出产于南海，形状像鳖，没有脚而有尾巴。现在考证陈藏器本草说：一名沙鱼，一名鳆鱼。
皮...只有没有...
图经说：鲛鱼皮，旧籍不记载出产州土。苏恭说出产于南海。形状像鳖没有脚而有尾巴。《山海经》说：鲛...沙鱼，它的皮可以装饰剑。现在南方人只叫它沙鱼。然而有两种：最大而长嘴像锯子的，叫胡沙...，性情温和肉质鲜美；小而皮粗糙的叫白沙，肉质硬且有微毒。这两种当地人都用盐腌制做干粮，其皮刮去沙子处理干净，剪成薄片，都是美食，吃了对人有益。然而它们都不像鳖，大概是种类不同罢了。胡洽治疗五尸鬼疰、百毒恶气等，用鲛鱼皮散主治。鲛鱼皮（炙）、朱砂、雄黄、金牙、椒、天雄、细辛、鬼臼、麝香、干姜、鸡舌香、桂心、莽草各一两，贝母半两，蜈蚣（炙）、蜴蜥（炙）各二枚，共十六味药，研末过筛，温清酒送服半钱匕，每日三次，逐渐增加到五分匕，也可以佩戴在身上。其中用到蜈蚣、蜴蜥，都是这一类物品，所以一并记载方剂。
陈藏器说：皮主治食鱼中毒，烧成末服用。鳆鱼皮，是装饰刀靶的，正是沙鱼。石决明，又名鳆鱼甲，一边附着石头，光亮可爱，这是这类生物，不是鱼类，只是同名而已。沙鱼，一名鲛鱼，幼鱼跟随母亲行动，受惊就从口进入母腹。这种鱼状貌不一，皮上有沙，可以用来摩擦木头，像木贼一样。食疗说：性平。补五脏。做成脍食用，次于鲫鱼。做成...食用也一样。另外，如果有严重的喉闭症，取胆汁和白矾灰，制成豆大小的丸，用绵包裹纳入喉中。许久吐出恶涎沫，喉咙就开了。腊月采集。海药谨按《名医别录》说：生于南海。味甘，咸，无毒。主治心气鬼疰，蛊毒，吐血，皮上有珍珠斑。
衍义说：鲛鱼、沙鱼皮，外形稍异，现在人取皮装饰马鞍、剑。其余如《经》所述。
[Feilian (Blatta orientalis)]
Taste: Salty. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Toxic.
Indications: Mainly treats blood stasis syndromes characterized by hard masses, alternating chills and fever, breaks up accumulations and mass formations, treats obstruction and blockage in the throat and pharynx, infertility (Wu Zi), and promotes the free flow of vessels and collaterals.
Habitat: Grows in the rivers, marshes, and between eaves of houses in Jinyang. Harvested at Start of Autumn.
Commentary by Tao Hongjing: Its shape resembles that of a horsefly but is lighter and smaller, capable of flight; originally found in grass. In August and September, sensing the cold, it often enters human dwellings for shelter. There are two or three types; those with the aroma of ginger root are considered authentic, and people in the south also consume them.
Note from Tang Ben: This insect has a pungent, spicy taste and an odor; people in Hanzhong eat it. (Text fragment missing). The content of Tu Jing is detailed under the entry for Mu Meng.
[Tubiechong (Eupolyphaga sinensis)]
Taste: Salty. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Toxic.
Indications: Mainly treats chills and shivering in the heart and abdomen, blood accumulations and mass formations (Zheng Jia), breaks up hardness, resolves blood obstruction, and is highly beneficial for conception.
Alternative Name: Tubie (Earth Turtle).
Habitat: Grows in the rivers, marshes, sands of Hedong, and in moist soil under walls of houses. Dried in October.
Aversion: Averse to Saponaria officinalis (Zaojiao) and Acorus tatarinowii (Changpu).
Commentary by Tao Hongjing: Flat in shape like a turtle, hence the name Tubie; possesses a shell, cannot fly, has a slight odor, and is now commonly found in households.
Note from Tang Ben: ...
According to Yao Xing Lun by Chen Yuxi et al.: Tubiechong acts as an assistant drug, averse to Wuyou (a type of insect). Taste: Bitter, Salty. Treats amenorrhea (Yue Shui Bu Tong) and breaks up stagnant blood accumulations.
Tu Jing states: Tubiechong grows in the rivers, marshes, sands of Hedong, and moist soil under house walls. It resembles Centipede (Shufu), with larger specimens being over one cun long, flat in shape like a turtle.
Medical Formulas: For treating lower bleeding...
Yan Yi states: Tubiechong is now called Boji Chong (Winnowing Basket Insect) due to its shape. For lactation failure (Ru Mai Bu Xing), grind one specimen, add half he of water, filter the clear liquid, and administer. Do not...
[Jiaoyu Pi (Shark Skin)]
Indications: Mainly treats Gu Qi (parasitic disease/ghost qi); used in Gu Zhu formulas. It refers to the skin of the shark used to decorate sword hilts.
Note from Tang Ben: Produced in the South Sea. Shape resembles a turtle, without legs but with a tail.
Current verification based on Chen Cangqi's Ben Cao: Also known as Sha Yu (Sand Fish) and Fu Yu.
Skin... only lacks...
Tu Jing states: Jiaoyu Pi was not recorded in older texts regarding its place of origin. Su Gong stated it comes from the South Sea. Shape resembles a turtle, without legs but with a tail. Shan Hai Jing states: Jia... Sha Yu, whose skin can be used to decorate swords. Now, people in the south simply call it Sha Yu. However, there are two types: the largest with a long, saw-like snout is called Hu Sha..., possessing mild nature and delicious meat; the smaller one with rough skin is called Bai Sha, with tough meat and slight toxicity. Both types are salted and dried by locals for provisions. Their skins are scraped clean of sand, sliced into thin pieces, and are considered delicacies that benefit health. However, they do not resemble turtles; this is merely a difference in species.
Hu Qia treats Wu Shi Gui Zhu (Five Corpse Ghost Afflictions) and various toxic evil airs using Jiaoyu Pi Powder. Ingredients include: Jiaoyu Pi (roasted), Cinnabar (Zhusha), Realgar (Xionghuang), Jin Ya, Zanthoxylum (Jiao), Aconitum carmichaelii (Tianxiong), Asarum (Xixin), Podophyllum (Guijiu), Musk (Shexiang), Dried Ginger (Ganjiang), Clove (Jishe Xiang), Cinnamon Twig Heart (Guixin), and Aristolochia debilis (Mangcao), each 1 liang; Fritillaria (Beimu) 0.5 liang; Centipede (Wugong, roasted) and Geckos (Yixi, roasted) 2 each. Total sixteen substances. Grind into powder and sift. Take half a qian bi with warm clear wine, three times daily, gradually increasing to five fen bi. It may also be worn on the body. The inclusion of Centipede and Geckos belongs to this category of ingredients, hence the formula is recorded together.
Chen Cangqi states: The skin treats poisoning from eating fish; burn to ash and take orally. Fu Yu skin, used for sword hilts, is indeed Sha Yu. Shi Jueming (Haliotidis Concha) is also named Fu Yu Jia; it attaches to stones on one side, bright and lovely. This creature belongs to the mollusk family, not fish; it shares the same name. Sha Yu, also known as Jiaoyu, swims following its mother; if startled, the young enter the mother's mouth and then her abdomen. The appearance of this fish varies; its skin has sand, which can be used to polish wood, similar to Equisetum (Muzei).
Shi Liao states: Nature: Neutral. Tonifies the Five Zang Organs. Eating it as raw slices (Kuai) is second only to Crucian Carp. Cooking methods are similar. Additionally, for severe throat obstruction (Hou Bi), take bile mixed with alum ash, form pills the size of bean seeds, wrap in cotton, and insert into the throat. After a while, vomit out foul saliva and foam, and the throat will open. Collect in the twelfth lunar month.
Hai Yao follows Mingyi Bie Lu stating: Grows in the South Sea. Taste: Sweet, Salty. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Treats Xin Qi Gui Zhu (Heart Qi ghost affliction), Gu Du, hematemesis; skin has pearl-like spots.
Yan Yi states: Jiaoyu and Sha Yu skins are essentially the same with slight shape differences; now people use the skin to decorate saddles and swords. The rest is as described in the Classics.