味辛、苦，平，有小毒。主甘湿 诸恶疮有虫者。
唐本注云∶叶似白蒿，花如瞿麦，红赤可爱，子似王不留行，黑色作角。七月、八月采。
（
所
在皆有之。陈藏器云∶ 蒿，味辛，温，无毒。主破血下气，煮食之似小蓟。生高岗。宿
根
先于白草。一名莪蒿。《尔雅》云∶莪，萝。注∶ 蒿也。释曰∶《诗·小雅》云∶菁菁者
莪。陆机云∶莪蒿也，一名萝蒿。生泽田渐洳处。叶似邪蒿而细科，生三月中。茎可食，又
可蒸，香美，味颇似蒌蒿是也。
雷公云∶凡使，勿用红蒿并邪蒿，二味真似角蒿，只是上香角短。采得并于槐砧上细锉
用之
。
外台秘要∶凡齿龈宣露多是疳。角蒿取灰，夜涂龈上。使慎，油腻、沙糖、干枣切忌之。千
金
方∶治口中疮久不瘥，入胸中并生疮。角蒿灰涂之一宿动。口中若有汁，吐之。宫气方治小
儿口疮。角蒿灰贴疮，妙。
衍义曰∶角蒿，茎、叶如青蒿，开淡红紫花，花大约径三、四分。花罢，结角子，长二
寸许
，微弯。苗与角治口齿绝胜。
\r马兜铃\pd263.bmp\r
味苦，寒，无毒。主肺热咳嗽，痰结喘促，血痔 疮。生关中，藤绕树而生。子状
如铃，作四、五瓣。（今附）
臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶马兜铃，平。能主肺气上急，坐息不得，主咳逆连连不可。日
华
云∶治痔 疮，以药于瓶中烧熏病处，入药炙用，是土青木香，独行根子。越州七、八月采
图经曰∶马兜铃，生关中，今河东、河北、江淮、夔、浙州郡亦有之。春生苗如藤蔓，
叶如
芋叶，六月开黄紫花，颇类枸杞花，七月结实枣许大如铃，作四、五瓣。其根名云南根，似
木香，小指大，赤黄色。亦名土青木香。七月、八月采实，曝干。主肺病。三月采根，治气
下膈，止刺痛。
雷公云∶凡使，采得后去叶并蔓了，用生绡袋盛，于东屋角畔悬。令干了，劈作片，取
向里
子
，去隔膜，并令尽用子。勿令去革膜不尽，用之并皮。圣惠方∶治五种蛊毒。用兜铃根三两
为
末，分为三贴，以水一盏，煎五分，去滓，频服。当吐蛊出，未快再服，以快为度。又方∶
草
蛊术正因方及岭南。人若行此毒，人人咽刺痛欲死者。用兜铃苗一两，为末。以温水调下一
钱匕，即消化，蛊出，效。外台秘要∶崔氏蛇蛊，食饮中得之。咽中如有物，咽不下，吐不
出
，闷心热。服兜铃即吐出。又服麝香一钱匕，即吐蛊毒。简要济众∶治肺气喘嗽。兜铃二两
，
只用里面子，去却壳，酥半两，入碗内拌和匀，慢火炒干，甘草一两炙，二味为末。每服一
钱，水一盏，煎六分，温呷或以药末含咽津，亦得。
衍义曰∶马兜铃，蔓生，附木而上。叶脱时，铃尚垂之。其状如马项铃，故得名。然熟
时则
自折坼，间有子全者。采得时须八、九月间。治肺气喘急。
【角蒿】
味辛、苦，性平，有小毒。主治各种因湿邪引起的恶疮，特别是伴有虫蚀的疮疡。
《唐本草》注解说：叶子像白蒿，花像瞿麦，颜色红赤可爱，种子像王不留行，黑色且呈角状。七月、八月采收。
各地都有生长。陈藏器说：蒿（此处指另一种蒿类），味辛，性温，无毒。主治破血下气，煮食时味道像小蓟。生长在高山岗上。宿根比白草先发芽。又名莪蒿。《尔雅》说：莪，就是萝。注解说：就是蒿。解释说：《诗经·小雅》说：“菁菁者莪”。陆机说：莪蒿，又名萝蒿。生长在水泽田地潮湿处。叶子像邪蒿但茎秆较细，三月生长。茎可以吃，也可以蒸食，香气美味，味道很像蒌蒿。
雷公说：凡使用角蒿，不要用红蒿和邪蒿，这两种植物真像角蒿，只是上面的香角较短。采得后都在槐木砧板上细细切碎使用。
《外台秘要》记载：凡是牙龈宣露多是疳积所致。取角蒿烧成的灰，晚上涂在牙龈上。服用时要谨慎，油腻、沙糖、干枣切忌食用。《千金方》记载：治疗口中疮久不愈合，并延伸至胸中生出疮疡。用角蒿灰涂抹，一夜见效。如果口中有分泌物，将其吐出。《宫气方》治疗小儿口疮。用角蒿灰贴敷疮面，效果奇妙。
《衍义》说：角蒿，茎、叶像青蒿，开淡红紫色的花，花朵直径大约三、四分。花谢后结出角状果实，长约二寸左右，微微弯曲。苗和角治疗口齿疾病绝妙。
【马兜铃】
味苦，性寒，无毒。主治肺热咳嗽，痰结气喘急促，血痔及疮疡。产于关中地区，藤蔓缠绕树木生长。种子形状像铃铛，分为四、五瓣。（今附）
臣禹锡等人谨按《药性论》说：马兜铃，性平。能主治肺气上逆急迫，坐卧呼吸不畅，主治连连不断的咳嗽逆气。日华子说：治疗痔疮疮疡，将药物放在瓶中燃烧熏蒸患处；入药则炙用，这是土青木香，是独行根的果实。越州在七月、八月采收。
《图经》说：马兜铃，产于关中，现在河东、河北、江淮、夔州、浙州郡也有生长。春天生苗如藤蔓，叶子像芋头叶，六月开黄紫色花，很像枸杞花，七月结出像枣子一样大如铃铛的果实，分为四、五瓣。它的根名叫云南根，像木香，小指粗细，赤黄色。也叫土青木香。七月、八月采收果实，晒干。主治肺病。三月采收根部，治疗气滞膈间，止刺痛。
雷公说：凡使用，采得后去掉叶子和藤蔓，用生丝袋盛装，挂在东屋角落旁晾干。劈成片，取里面的种子，去掉隔膜，全部使用种子。不要让革膜去不干净，使用时连同皮一起用。《圣惠方》记载：治疗五种蛊毒。用兜铃根三两研为末，分为三次服用，用水一盏，煎至五分，去渣，频繁服用。应当吐出蛊毒，未吐尽再服，以吐尽为度。又一方：治疗草蛊，正当其时及岭南地区。人若行走遭遇此毒，人人咽喉刺痛欲死。用兜铃苗一两，研为末。用温水调下一钱匕，即消化，蛊毒排出，有效。《外台秘要》记载：崔氏蛇蛊，饮食中感染。咽喉中如有异物，咽不下，吐不出，胸闷心热。服用兜铃即可吐出。再服用麝香一钱匕，即吐出蛊毒。《简要济众方》记载：治疗肺气喘嗽。兜铃二两，只用里面的种子，去掉壳，酥油半两，放入碗内拌和均匀，慢火炒干，甘草一两炙过，两味研为末。每次服用一钱，水一盏，煎至六分，温饮或以药末含咽津液，也可以。
《衍义》说：马兜铃，蔓生，附着木头向上生长。叶子脱落时，铃铛还悬挂着。形状像马颈上的铃铛，所以得名。然而成熟时则会自然裂开，间或有完整的种子。采收时间须在八、九月间。治疗肺气喘急。
[Shepherd's Purse Herb / Jiao Hao]
Pungent, bitter, neutral in nature, slightly toxic. Primarily treats various malignant sores caused by dampness, especially those with parasitic infestation.
The *Tang Bencao* annotation states: The leaves resemble *Artemisia lavandulaefolia* (Bai Hao), the flowers resemble *Dianthus superbus* (Qu Mai), are red and lovely; the seeds resemble *Vaccaria segetalis* (Wang Bu Liu Xing), are black and pod-like. Harvested in July and August.
It grows everywhere. Chen Cangqi stated: Hao (referring to another species of mugwort), pungent, warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats blood stasis and qi stagnation; when boiled for food, it resembles *Cirsium japonicum* (Xiao Ji). Grows on high ridges. The perennial roots sprout before white grass. Also known as E Hao. *Erya* states: E is Luo. Annotation: It is Hao. Explanation: *Shi Jing · Xiao Ya* states: "Lush are the E." Lu Ji stated: E Hao, also known as Luo Hao. Grows in wet fields near water. Leaves resemble *Artemisia selengensis* (Xie Hao) but with finer stems, growing in mid-March. The stem is edible, can be steamed, fragrant and delicious, taste similar to *Artemisia argyi* (Lou Hao).
Lei Gong stated: When using, do not use Hong Hao or Xie Hao, as these two truly resemble Jiao Hao, only the upper pods are shorter. After harvesting, finely chop on a locust wood cutting board for use.
*Waitai Miyao*: Generally, exposed gums are mostly due to gan accumulation. Take ash from Jiao Hao, apply to the gums at night. Caution during administration: avoid greasy foods, sugar, and dried dates. *Qianjin Fang*: Treats mouth sores that have not healed for a long time, extending into the chest causing sores there. Apply Jiao Hao ash; movement/efficacy occurs after one night. If there is fluid in the mouth, spit it out. *Gong Qi Fang* treats pediatric mouth sores. Apply Jiao Hao ash to the sore, excellent effect.
*Yanyi* states: Jiao Hao, stems and leaves resemble Qing Hao, opens pale red-purple flowers, flower diameter approx 3-4 fen. After flowering, forms pod-like fruits, approx 2 cun long, slightly curved. Seedlings and pods are superb for treating oral and dental diseases.
[Madou Ling / Aristolochia Fructus]
Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Primarily treats lung heat cough, phlegm obstruction with wheezing, bloody hemorrhoids, and sores. Grows in Guanzhong region, vines winding around trees. Seeds shaped like bells, divided into four or five lobes. (Added later)
Minister Yu Xi et al. according to *Yaoxing Lun* state: Madou Ling, neutral in nature. Can primarily treat urgent upward rush of lung qi, inability to breathe while sitting, continuous retching cough. Ri Huazi stated: Treats hemorrhoidal sores, burn the medicine in a bottle to fumigate the affected area; for internal use, stir-fry, this is Tu Qing Mu Xiang, the fruit of *Aristolochia debilis* root. Yuezhou harvests in July and August.
*Tujing* states: Madou Ling, grows in Guanzhong, now also found in Hedong, Hebei, Jianghuai, Kuizhou, and Zhezhou prefectures. Spring shoots grow like vines, leaves resemble taro leaves, June blooms yellow-purple flowers, resembling goji berry flowers, July bears fruit the size of a jujube like a bell, divided into four or five lobes. Its root is named Yunnan Gen, resembles Mu Xiang, thickness of a little finger, reddish-yellow. Also called Tu Qing Mu Xiang. Harvest fruits in July and August, dry in sun. Primarily treats lung diseases. Harvest roots in March, treat qi stagnation in diaphragm, stop stabbing pain.
Lei Gong stated: When using, after harvesting remove leaves and vines, place in raw silk bag, hang near the corner of the east house to dry. Split into slices, take the inner seeds, remove all membranes, use only the seeds. Do not leave any membrane residue; if used with skin, it is improper. *Shenghui Fang*: Treats five types of gu poison. Use 3 liang of Doulings root, grind to powder, divide into three doses, decoct with 1 sheng of water until reduced to 0.5 sheng, remove dregs, take frequently. Should vomit out gu poison; if not complete, take again, until complete. Another prescription: For grass gu, prevalent in Lingnan. If people encounter this poison while traveling, everyone suffers severe throat pain nearly fatal. Use 1 liang of Doulings seedlings, grind to powder. Mix with warm water, take 1 qian bi, immediately digests, gu poison exits, effective. *Waitai Miyao*: Cui Shi snake gu, contracted through food/drink. Sensation of foreign body in throat, cannot swallow, cannot spit out, chest stuffiness and heat. Taking Doulings causes vomiting. Then take 1 qian bi of musk, immediately vomits out gu poison. *Jianyao Jizhong Fang*: Treats lung asthma and wheezing. 2 liang Doulings, use only inner seeds, remove shells, mix with 0.5 liang su (clarified butter), stir evenly, stir-fry slowly until dry, 1 liang Gancao stir-fried, both ground to powder. Each dose 1 qian, 1 sheng water, decoct to 0.6 sheng, drink warm or hold powder in mouth to swallow saliva, also acceptable.
*Yanyi* states: Madou Ling, vine-growing, attaches to wood and climbs up. When leaves fall, the bells still hang. Shape resembles horse neck bells, hence the name. However, when ripe, they naturally split, occasionally having intact seeds. Harvest time must be between August and September. Treats lung asthma and急促 breathing.