桃、杏仁双有毒。五月食未成核果，令人发痈疖及寒热。又秋夏果落地为恶虫缘
，食之令人患九漏。桃花食之，令人患淋。李仁不可和鸡子食之，患内结不消。
（己酉添加衍义）
\r胡麻\pd504.bmp\r
味甘，平，无毒。主伤中，虚羸，补五内，益气力，长肌肉，填髓脑，坚筋骨，疗金
疮，止痛及伤寒，温疟，大吐后虚热羸困。久服轻身不老，明耳目，耐饥渴，延年。以作油
，微寒，利大肠，胞衣不落。生者摩疮肿，生秃发。一名巨胜，一名狗虱，一名方∶茎，一
名鸿藏。叶名青 。生上党川泽。
陶隐居云∶八谷之中，唯此为良。淳黑者名巨胜。巨者，大也，是为大胜。本生大宛，
故名
胡麻。又，茎方∶名巨胜，茎圆名胡麻。服食家当九蒸九曝，熬捣饵之。断谷，长生，充饥
。虽易得，俗中学人，犹不能常服，而况余药耶！蒸不熟，令人发落，其性与茯苓相宜。俗
方
∶用之甚少，时以合汤、丸尔。唐本注云∶此麻以角作八棱者为巨胜，四棱者名胡麻。都以
乌者良，白者劣尔。生嚼涂小儿头疮及浸淫恶疮，大效。臣禹锡等谨按吴氏云∶胡麻一名方∶
金。神农、雷公∶甘，平，无毒。秋采青 ，一名梦神。抱朴子云∶巨胜一名胡麻，饵服之，
狗虱，巨胜；藤 ，胡麻也。药性论云∶叶，捣汁沐浴，甚良。又
牛伤热，捣汁灌之，立瘥。又患崩中血凝疰者，生取一升，捣，纳热汤中，绞取半升，立愈
。巨胜者，仙经所重，白蜜一升，子一升，合之，名曰静神丸。常服之，治肺气，润五脏。
其功至多，亦能休粮，填人骨髓，甚有益于男子。患人虚而吸吸，加胡麻用。陈藏器云∶花
阴干，渍取汁，溲面至韧，易滑。陈士良云∶胡麻仁，生嚼涂小儿头疮；亦疗妇人阴疮。初
食利大小肠，久食即否，去陈留新。日华子云∶胡麻，补中益气，养五脏，治劳气，产后羸
困，耐寒暑，止心惊。子，利大小肠，催生落胞，逐风温气、游风、头风，补肺气，润五脏
，填精髓。细研涂发令长。白蜜蒸为丸服，治百病。叶作汤沐润毛发，滑皮肤，益血色。
图经曰∶胡麻，巨胜也。生上党川泽。青 （音箱），巨胜苗也。生中原川谷，今并处
处有之
。
皆园圃所种，稀复野生。苗梗如麻，而叶圆锐光泽。嫩时可作蔬，道家多食之。谨按《广
雅》云∶狗虱，巨胜也；藤 ，胡麻也。陶隐居云∶其茎方∶者名巨胜；圆者名胡麻。苏恭
云
胜；六棱、四棱者名胡麻。如此巨胜、胡麻为二物矣。或云本生胡中
又八谷之中，最为大胜，
故名巨胜。如此似一物二名也。然则仙方
∶乃有服食胡麻、巨胜二法，功用小别。疑本一物而种之有二。如天雄、附子之类。故葛稚
川
荚者为巨胜是也。食其实，当九蒸曝，熬捣之，可以断谷。又以白
蜜合丸，曰静神丸，服之益肺，润五脏。压取油，主天行热秘肠结，服一合则快利。花，阴
干渍汁溲面，至韧而滑。叶可沐头，令发长。一说今人用胡麻，叶如荏而狭尖，茎方，高
四、五尺。黄花，生子成房，如胡麻角而小。嫩叶可食，甚甘滑，利大肠。皮亦可作布，类
大
麻。其实黑色，如韭子而粒细，味苦如胆，杵末略无膏油。又，世
人或以为胡麻乃是今之油麻，以其本出大宛，而谓之胡麻也。皆以乌者良，白者劣。本草注
∶服胡麻油，须生笮者，其蒸炒作者正可食及然尔，不入药用。又序例谓细麻即胡麻也，形
扁扁尔，其方∶茎者名巨胜。其说各异，然胡麻今服食家最为要药。乃尔差误，岂复得效也
。
新注云∶胡麻、白大豆、枣三物同九蒸九曝，作团食，令人不饥，延年断谷。又合苍耳
子为
散，服之治风癞。雷公云∶凡使，有四件。八棱者，两头尖、色紫黑者，又呼胡麻，并是误
也
其巨胜有七棱，色赤，味涩酸是真。又呼乌油麻，作巨胜，亦误。若修事一斤，先以水淘，
浮者去之，沉者漉出，令干，以酒拌蒸，从巳至亥，出，摊晒干，于臼中，舂令粗皮一重尽
，拌小豆相对同炒，小豆熟即出，去小豆用之。上有薄皮，去，留用，力在皮壳也。食疗润
五脏，主火灼。山田种，为四棱。土地有异，功力同。休粮人重之。填骨髓，补虚气。圣惠
方∶治五脏虚损，羸瘦，益气力，坚筋骨。巨胜蒸曝各九遍，每取二合，用汤浸布裹，挪
去皮再研，水滤取汁煎饮，和粳米煮粥食之。外台秘要∶治手脚酸疼兼微肿。乌麻五升熬碎
之，
少饮之。又方∶沸汤所淋，火烧烂疮。杵生胡麻如泥，浓封之。千金
麻一石，蒸之三十遍，末酒
服，每日一升。又方∶治腰脚疼痛。胡麻一升
永瘥。酒饮、羹汁、蜜汤皆
可服之，佳。又方∶
生疮，嚼胡麻敷之。又
治齿痛。胡麻五升，水一斗，煮取五升。含漱吐之，茎、叶皆可用之。姚云神良，不过二剂，
肿痛
暑毒。救生散∶新胡麻一升，微炒令黑色，取出摊冷碾末，新汲水调
三钱，又或丸如弹子，新水化下。凡着热，外不得以冷物逼，外得冷即死。梅师方∶治蚰蜒
入
胡麻杵碎，以袋盛之为枕。孙真人∶胡麻三升，去黄黑者，微熬令香，杵为末。下白蜜三升
，和调煎，杵三百杵，如梧桐子大丸。旦服三十丸，肠化为筋。年若过四十以上，服之效。
修
服之能除一切痼病，至一年面光泽、不饥，三年水火不能害，行及
奔马，久服长生。上党者尤佳。胡麻三斗，净淘入甑蒸，令气遍出，晒干，以水淘去沫，却
蒸，如此九度。以汤脱去皮，簸令净，炒令香，杵为末，蜜丸如弹子大。每温酒化下一丸，
忌毒鱼、生菜等。丹房镜源云∶巨胜煮丹砂。梁简文帝劝医文∶胡麻止救头痛。今人云∶灰
涤菜者，恐未是，盖今之藜也。又韩保云∶灰涤菜愈谬矣。神仙传鲁支生篇∶鲁女生服胡麻
饵术
壮，一日行三百里，走及獐鹿。本事诗云∶胡麻好种无人种，正是归
时君不归。俗传云∶胡麻，夫妇同种即生而茂熟，故诗句不取他物，唯以胡麻为兴也。续齐
谐
剡县有刘晨、阮肇二人，入天台山采药，迷失道路，忽逢一溪，
过之、过遇二女，以刘、阮姓名呼之，如旧识耳。曰∶郎等来何晚耶？遂邀之过家，设胡麻
饭
和石髓，香饭进胡麻。
衍义曰∶胡麻，诸家之说参差不一，只是今脂麻，更无他义。盖其种出于大宛，故言胡
麻。
今胡地所出者。皆肥大，其纹鹊，其色紫黑，故如此区别，取油亦多。故诗云∶松下饭胡麻，
白油麻为一等，如川大黄、川当归、川升麻、上党人参、齐州半夏
之类，不可与他土者更为二物。盖特以其地之所宜立名也。是知胡麻与白油麻为一物，尝官
于顺安军，雄、霸州之间，备见之。又二条皆言无毒，治疗大同。今之用白油麻、也不可一
日缺也。然亦不至于大寒，宜两审之。
桃仁、杏仁都有毒。五月食用尚未长成果核的果实，会使人发生痈疽疖肿以及寒热交替的症状。另外，秋季和夏季的果实落地后被恶虫爬过，食用后会让人患上“九漏”病（一种颈部淋巴结结核类疾病）。桃花食用后，会使人患上淋证（小便频数短涩、滴沥刺痛之病）。李子仁不可与鸡蛋同食，否则会导致体内结滞不消。
（己酉年添加《本草衍义》内容）
胡麻：味甘，性平，无毒。主治内伤，身体虚弱消瘦，补益五脏，益气力，生长肌肉，填补髓脑，坚固筋骨，治疗金疮（金属利器造成的创伤），止痛，治疗伤寒、温疟，以及大吐之后出现的虚热、羸弱困倦。长期服用可轻身不老，使耳目聪明，耐饥渴，延年益寿。制成油后，性微寒，能通利大肠，治疗胞衣不下。生胡麻摩擦疮肿，治疗脱发秃发。又名巨胜，又名狗虱，又名方茎，又名鸿藏。叶名青葙（此处原文可能有误，通常指胡麻叶或相关部位，依原文译）。产于上党地区的川泽之地。
陶隐居说：在八谷之中，只有它是优良的。纯黑色的称为巨胜。“巨”就是大的意思，这是大胜。原本产于大宛国，所以叫胡麻。另外，茎方形的叫巨胜，茎圆形的叫胡麻。服食养生的人应当经过九次蒸煮、九次暴晒，炒熟捣碎后服用。可以断绝五谷，长生不老，充饥。虽然容易得到，但世俗中的学道之人，尚且不能经常服用，何况其他药物呢！如果蒸不熟，会让人头发脱落。它的性质与茯苓相宜。世俗药方中用得很少，有时配合汤剂、丸剂使用。唐本注说：这种麻以角呈八棱的为巨胜，四棱的称为胡麻。都以黑色的为优良，白色的较差。生嚼涂抹小儿头疮及浸淫恶疮，效果显著。臣禹锡等谨按吴氏说：胡麻又名方茎金。神农、雷公认为：味甘，性平，无毒。秋季采摘青色叶子，又名梦神。抱朴子说：巨胜又名胡麻，服用它，即狗虱、巨胜；藤叶即胡麻叶。药性论说：叶，捣汁沐浴，很好。又治牛受热伤，捣汁灌服，立即痊愈。又患崩中血凝注病者，生取一升，捣碎，纳入热汤中，绞取半升，立即痊愈。巨胜是仙经所重视的，用白蜜一升，子一升，合在一起，名叫静神丸。常服用它，治疗肺气，润养五脏。其功效极多，也能休粮（辟谷），填充人的骨髓，对男子非常有益。病人虚弱而呼吸急促者，加用胡麻。陈藏器说：花阴干，浸泡取汁，用来和面至坚韧，容易滑爽。陈士良说：胡麻仁，生嚼涂抹小儿头疮；也治疗妇人阴疮。初食时通利大小肠，久食则闭塞不通，去陈留新。日华子说：胡麻，补中益气，养五脏，治疗劳气，产后羸弱困倦，耐寒暑，止心惊。子，利大小肠，催生落胞，驱逐风温气、游风、头风，补肺气，润五脏，填精髓。细研后涂于头发可令其生长。白蜜蒸制为丸服用，治疗百病。叶煮汤洗头沐浴润泽毛发，滑皮肤，益血色。图经曰：胡麻，就是巨胜。产地上党川泽。青葙（音箱，音近字），是巨胜的苗。产于中原川谷，现在到处都有种植。都是园圃所种，稀少再野生。苗梗像麻，但叶圆锐有光泽。嫩时可作蔬菜，道家多食用它。谨按《广雅》说：狗虱，是巨胜；藤叶，是胡麻。陶隐居说：其茎方形的叫巨胜；圆形的叫胡麻。苏恭说：六棱、四棱的叫胡麻。这样巨胜、胡麻就成了两种东西了。有人说原本产于胡地，又在八谷之中，最为大胜，所以叫巨胜。这样看来似乎是一物两名。然而仙方中有服食胡麻、巨胜两种方法，功用略有不同。怀疑原本是一物，但种植有两种。如同天雄、附子之类。所以葛稚川认为荚者为巨胜是正确的。吃其实物，应当九蒸九曝，炒熟捣碎，可以断绝五谷。又以白蜜合丸，叫静神丸，服用它益肺，润五脏。压榨取油，主治天行热秘肠结，服一合则畅快通利。花，阴干渍汁和面，至韧而滑。叶可沐头，令发长。一说今人用的胡麻，叶如荏而狭尖，茎方，高四、五尺。黄花，生子成房，如胡麻角而小。嫩叶可食，甚甘滑，利大肠。皮亦可作布，类大麻。其实黑色，如韭子而粒细，味苦如胆，杵末略无膏油。另外，世人有人以为胡麻乃是现在的油麻，因为它本出大宛，而称之为胡麻。都以黑色的为优良，白色的较差。本草注说：服用胡麻油，必须是用生榨取的，那些蒸炒制作的只能食用罢了，不入药用。又序例谓细麻即胡麻也，形状扁扁的，其方形茎的叫巨胜。说法各异，然而胡麻现在是服食家最重要的药物。如此差误，岂能再有效验呢？
新注说：胡麻、白大豆、枣三物同九蒸九曝，做成团食用，令人不饥，延年断谷。又合苍耳子为散，服用它治疗风癞。雷公说：凡是使用，有四件。八棱的，两头尖、色紫黑的，又呼胡麻，并是错误的。其巨胜有七棱，色赤，味涩酸才是真的。又呼乌油麻，作为巨胜，也是错误的。如果修事一斤，先以水淘洗，浮去的去掉，沉的捞出，令干，以酒拌蒸，从巳时至亥时，取出，摊开晒干，于臼中，舂令粗皮一层尽去，拌小豆相对同炒，小豆熟即取出，去小豆用之。上面有薄皮，去掉，留用，力在皮壳也。食疗润五脏，主火灼。山田种的，为四棱。土地有异，功力相同。休粮人重视它。填骨髓，补虚气。圣惠方：治五脏虚损，羸瘦，益气力，坚筋骨。巨胜蒸曝各九遍，每次取二合，用汤浸布裹，搓去皮再研，水滤取汁煎饮，和粳米煮粥食之。外台秘要：治手脚酸疼兼微肿。乌麻五升熬碎之，少饮之。又方：沸汤所淋，火烧烂疮。杵生胡麻如泥，浓封之。千金方：麻一石，蒸之三十遍，末酒服，每日一升。又方：治腰脚疼痛。胡麻一升永瘥。酒饮、羹汁、蜜汤皆可服之，佳。又方：生疮，嚼胡麻敷之。又治齿痛。胡麻五升，水一斗，煮取五升。含漱吐之，茎、叶皆可用之。姚云神良，不过二剂，肿痛暑毒。救生散：新胡麻一升，微炒令黑色，取出摊冷碾末，新汲水调三钱，又或丸如弹子，新水化下。凡着热，外不得以冷物逼，外得冷即死。梅师方：治蚰蜒入耳，胡麻杵碎，以袋盛之为枕。孙真人：胡麻三升，去黄黑者，微熬令香，杵为末。下白蜜三升，和调煎，杵三百杵，如梧桐子大丸。旦服三十丸，肠化为筋。年若过四十以上，服之效。修道者服之能除一切痼病，至一年面光泽、不饥，三年水火不能害，行及奔马，久服长生。上党者尤佳。胡麻三斗，净淘入甑蒸，令气遍出，晒干，以水淘去沫，却蒸，如此九度。以汤脱去皮，簸令净，炒令香，杵为末，蜜丸如弹子大。每温酒化下一丸，忌毒鱼、生菜等。丹房镜源说：巨胜煮丹砂。梁简文帝劝医文：胡麻止救头痛。今人说：灰涤菜者，恐未是，盖今之藜也。又韩保说：灰涤菜愈谬矣。神仙传鲁支生篇：鲁女生服胡麻饵术，体壮，一日行三百里，走及獐鹿。本事诗说：胡麻好种无人种，正是归时君不归。俗传云：胡麻，夫妇同种即生而茂熟，故诗句不取他物，唯以胡麻为兴也。续齐谐记：剡县有刘晨、阮肇二人，入天台山采药，迷失道路，忽逢一溪，过之、过遇二女，以刘、阮姓名呼之，如旧识耳。曰：郎等来何晚耶？遂邀之过家，设胡麻饭和石髓，香饭进胡麻。
衍义说：胡麻，诸家之说参差不一，只是现在的脂麻，更无其他含义。大概它的种子出于大宛，所以叫胡麻。现在胡地所出的，都肥大，其纹鹊起，其色紫黑，所以如此区别，取油也多。所以诗云：松下饭胡麻，白油麻为一等，如川大黄、川当归、川升麻、上党人参、齐州半夏之类，不可与他土者更为二物。大概特以其地之所宜立名也。是知胡麻与白油麻为一物，尝官于顺安军，雄、霸州之间，备见之。又二条皆言无毒，治疗大同。今之用白油麻、也不可一日缺也。然亦不至于大寒，宜两审之。
Peach kernel (Tao Ren) and apricot kernel (Xing Ren) are both toxic. Eating fruits in May before the kernels have formed can cause carbuncles, furuncles, and alternating chills and fever. Additionally, fruits that fall to the ground in autumn and summer and are touched by harmful insects, if eaten, can cause "Jiu Lou" disease (a type of cervical lymph node tuberculosis). Eating peach blossoms can cause Lin syndrome (dysuria characterized by frequent, urgent, and painful urination). Plum kernels should not be eaten with chicken eggs, as this may lead to internal stagnation and indigestion.
(Added during the Jiyi year from *Bencao Yan Yi*)
Sesamum indicum (Huma): Sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats internal injury, emaciation due to deficiency, tonifies the five zang organs, boosts qi and strength, promotes muscle growth, fills the marrow and brain, strengthens bones and sinews, treats metal weapon injuries, relieves pain, and treats Shanghan (cold damage), Wen Nue (warm malaria), as well as post-emesis deficiency heat, emaciation, and fatigue. Long-term consumption lightens the body, prevents aging, clarifies the ears and eyes, increases resistance to hunger and thirst, and prolongs life. When processed into oil, it is slightly cold in nature, promotes bowel movement, and treats retained placenta. Rubbing raw Sesamum indicum on swellings treats alopecia. Also known as Jusheng (Great Victory), Goushi (Dog Louse), Fangjing (Square Stem), and Hongzang. The leaves are called Qingxi. It grows in the streams and marshes of Shangdang.
Tao Hongjing stated: Among the eight grains, only this one is superior. Pure black ones are named Jusheng. "Ju" means large, signifying great victory. It originally originated from Dayuan, hence the name Huma. Furthermore, those with square stems are called Jusheng, while those with round stems are called Huma. Those practicing dietary therapy should steam and sun-dry them nine times each, then roast and grind them for consumption. They can be used to abandon grain (fasting from cereals), achieve longevity, and satisfy hunger. Although easily obtained, even scholars in secular Daoist practices often cannot consume them regularly, let alone other medicines! If not steamed thoroughly, they cause hair loss. Their nature is compatible with Poria cocos (Fuling). In secular prescriptions, they are rarely used, sometimes combined in decoctions or pills. *Tang Ben Zhu* notes: This sesame with eight-angled pods is Jusheng; those with four angles are called Huma. Black ones are superior, white ones inferior. Chewing raw and applying it to children's head sores and oozing malignant sores is highly effective. Chen Yuxi et al. cite Wu Shi: Sesamum indicum is also called Fangjing Jin. Shennong and Leigong state: Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Harvest green leaves in autumn, also called Mengshen. Baopuzi states: Jusheng is also Huma; consuming it refers to Goushi/Jusheng; vine leaves refer to Sesamum leaves. *Yaoxing Lun* states: Leaves, crushed for juice to bathe, are very good. It also treats cattle suffering from heat injury; crushing and administering the juice leads to immediate recovery. For those suffering from metrorrhagia with blood stasis and infectious diseases, take one sheng of raw material, crush it, add to hot water, squeeze out half a sheng, and recover immediately. Jusheng is valued in immortal scriptures; mixing one sheng of white honey with one sheng of seeds creates "Jingshen Wan" (Quiet Spirit Pill). Regular consumption treats lung qi issues and moistens the five zang organs. Its benefits are numerous; it also aids in fasting, fills bone marrow, and is particularly beneficial for men. For patients with deficiency and rapid breathing, add Sesamum indicum. Chen Zangqi states: Flowers dried in shade, soaked to extract juice, can be used to knead dough until tough and smooth. Chen Shiliang states: Raw Sesamum indicum kernels, chewed and applied, treat children's head sores; it also treats women's genital sores. Initially, it promotes bowel and bladder function; long-term use causes constipation, removing the old and retaining the new. Ri Huazi states: Sesamum indicum tonifies the middle and boosts qi, nourishes the five zang organs, treats labor qi exhaustion, postpartum weakness, resists cold and heat, and calms heart palpitations. Seeds promote bowel/bladder function, facilitate childbirth and expulsion of the placenta,驱散 wind-warmth qi, wandering wind, and headache wind, tonify lung qi, moisten the five zang organs, and fill essence and marrow. Finely ground and applied to hair promotes growth. White honey-steamed pills treat hundred diseases. Leaf decoctions for bathing moisturize hair, smooth skin, and improve blood color. *Tujing* states: Sesamum indicum is Jusheng. Grows in Shangdang streams. Qingxi (sound similar character), the seedling of Jusheng, grows in central plains valleys and is now widely cultivated. Mostly garden-grown, rarely wild. Stems resemble hemp, but leaves are round, sharp, and glossy. Tender leaves can be eaten as vegetables; Daoists often consume them. According to *Guangya*: Goushi is Jusheng; vine leaves are Sesamum. Tao Hongjing stated: Square-stemmed plants are Jusheng; round-stemmed are Huma. Su Gong stated: Six-angled and four-angled pods are Huma. Thus, Jusheng and Huma would become two different things. Some say it originally came from Hu lands, and since it is the greatest among the eight grains, it is called Jusheng. This suggests one thing with two names. However, immortal prescriptions mention two methods for consuming Sesamum and Jusheng, with slight functional differences. It is suspected to be one species with two varieties, like Tianxiong and Fuzi. Ge Chichuan considered pod-bearing plants as Jusheng correct. To eat the fruit, nine steam-nine sun-dry cycles are required, roasted and ground, to abandon grain. Mixed with white honey into pills called Jingshen Wan, it benefits lungs and moistens zang organs. Pressed oil treats epidemic heat constipation; one he of oil provides relief. Flowers, dried in shade and soaked for juice, make dough tough and smooth. Leaves bathed in promote hair growth. Another view: Modern Sesamum has leaves narrow and pointed like Perilla, square stems, 4-5 chi high. Yellow flowers produce pods small like Sesamum pods. Tender leaves are edible, sweet and slippery, promoting bowel movement. Skin can be made into cloth resembling hemp. Seeds are black, fine like leek seeds, bitter as gall, powder lacks oil. Others believe modern Sesamum is oil sesame because it came from Dayuan. Black is superior, white inferior. *Bencao Zhu* states: Sesame oil must be cold-pressed; roasted/cooked oil is only for food, not medicine. Preface mentions Xima is Sesamum, flat-shaped, square-stemmed is Jusheng. Views differ, yet Sesamum is crucial for dietary therapy. Such errors hinder efficacy.
New annotations state: Sesamum, white soybeans, and dates, nine-steamed nine-sun-dried and formed into balls, prevent hunger, prolong life, and aid fasting. Combined with Xanthium sibiricum powder, it treats wind-leprosy. Leigong states: There are four types. Eight-angled, pointed ends, purple-black are mistakenly called Sesamum. True Jusheng has seven angles, red color, astringent/sour taste. Calling black oil sesame Jusheng is also wrong. Processing one jin: wash, discard floating, drain sinking, dry, mix with wine, steam from Si hour to Hai hour, spread dry, pound in mortar to remove coarse skin, stir-fry with adzuki beans until beans are cooked, remove beans. Remove thin skin, keep shell for potency. *Shiliao* says it moistens zang organs, treats fire burns. Mountain-grown is four-angled. Soil differs, efficacy same. Valued by fasters. Fills marrow, tonifies deficiency. *Shenghui Fang*: Treats five zang deficiency, emaciation, boosts qi, strengthens bones. Jusheng steamed/dried nine times, take two he, soak in water wrapped in cloth, rub off skin, grind, filter juice, boil, cook with japonica rice porridge. *Waitai Miyao*: Treats sore limbs and mild swelling. Five sheng black sesame roasted and crushed, drink sparingly. Another formula: Boiling water pour over, apply paste of raw crushed Sesamum to burnt sores. *Qianjin Fang*: One dan of sesame steamed thirty times, powdered, taken with wine, one sheng daily. Another: Treats waist/leg pain. One sheng Sesamum cures permanently. Taken with wine, soup, or honey water. Another: Chew and apply to sores. Another: Treats toothache. Five sheng Sesamum boiled in one dou water to five sheng, gargle and spit. Stem and leaves usable. Yao claims miraculous effect, no more than two doses needed for swelling/pain/heat toxicity. *Jiusheng San*: One sheng fresh Sesamum, lightly roasted black, cooled, powdered, mixed with fresh water three qian, or formed into pill size of bullet, dissolved in fresh water. For heat exposure, do not apply cold externally, or death ensues. *Meishi Fang*: For centipede entering ear, crush Sesamum, put in bag as pillow. Sun Simiao: Three sheng Sesamum, remove yellow/black, roast fragrant, powder. Mix with three sheng white honey, simmer, pound three hundred times, form pills like paulownia seeds. Take thirty pills morning, intestines transform into tendons. Effective for those over forty. Cultivators claim it removes chronic diseases, face glows after one year, no hunger, immune to fire/water after three years, runs as fast as galloping horses, long-term use ensures longevity. Shangdang origin is best. Three dou Sesamum, clean, steam in basket until vapor penetrates, dry, wash foam, steam again, repeat nine times. Peel with hot water, winnow, roast fragrant, powder, honey pills. Dissolve one pill in warm wine. Avoid toxic fish/raw vegetables. *Danfang Jingyuan*: Jusheng cooks cinnabar. Emperor Jianwen of Liang's medical advice: Sesamum stops headache. Modern people confuse it with ash-washing vegetable, likely Chenopodium. Han Bao says this confusion is worse. *Shenxian Zhuan*: Lu Nvsheng consumed Sesamum and Atractylodes, became strong, walked 300 li/day, outran deer. *Benshi Shi*: "Sesame is easy to plant but no one plants it; just when you return, you do not." Folk legend: Husband and wife planting together yields lush harvest, hence poetry uses Sesamum as metaphor. *Xu Qixie Ji*: Liu Chen and Ruan Zhao entered Tiantai Mountain, got lost, met stream, encountered two women who knew their names, invited them home, served Sesamum rice and stone marrow.
*Bencao Yan Yi* states: Various theories on Sesamum are inconsistent; it is simply modern Sesame, no other meaning. Likely originating from Dayuan, hence "Hu" (barbarian/foreign) Sesamum. Those from Hu regions are plump, patterned like magpie feathers, purple-black, yielding much oil. Hence poem: "Sesame meal under pine trees." White oil sesame is equal grade, like Sichuan Rhubarb, Sichuan Angelica, Sichuan Bupleurum, Shangdang Ginseng, Qizhou Pinellia—named by region suitability, not distinct species. Thus Sesamum and white oil sesame are one. Having served in Shun'an Jun between Xiong and Bazhou, I witnessed this. Both entries state non-toxic, similar treatments. White oil sesame is indispensable daily. Yet not overly cold, worthy of careful examination.