\r贝母\pd147.bmp\r
味辛、苦，平、微寒，无毒。主伤寒烦热，淋沥、邪气、疝瘕，喉痹，乳难，金疮风
痉，疗腹中结实，心下满，洗洗恶风寒，目眩项直，咳嗽上气，止烦热渴，出汗，安五脏，
利骨髓。一名空草，一名药实，一名苦花，一名苦菜，一名商草，一名勤母。生晋地。十月
采根，曝干。（浓朴、白薇为之使，恶桃花，畏秦艽、 石、莽草，反乌头。）
陶隐居云∶今出近道。形似聚贝子，故名贝母。断谷服之不饥。唐本注云∶此叶似大蒜。
四
月蒜熟时，采良。若十月苗枯，根亦不佳也。出润州、荆州、襄州者最佳，江南诸州亦有。
味甘、苦、不辛。按《尔雅》一名KT （忙庚切）也。臣禹锡等谨按尔雅云∶KT ，
贝母。注∶
根
如小贝，圆而白华，叶似韭。疏引陆机云∶其叶如栝蒌而细小。其子在根下，如芋子，正白
，四方连累相着，有分解也。药性论云∶贝母，臣，微寒。治虚热，主难产，作末服之。兼
治胞衣不出，取七枚末酒下。末，点眼去肤翳。主胸胁逆气，疗时疾、黄胆。与连翘同主项
下瘤瘿疾。日华子云∶消痰，润心肺。末和沙糖为丸，含止嗽。烧灰油调敷人畜恶疮。
图经曰∶贝母生晋地，今河中、江陵府、郢、寿、随、郑、蔡、润、滁州皆有之。根有
瓣子
，
黄白色，如聚贝子，故名贝母。二月生苗，茎细青色，叶亦青，似荞麦，叶随苗出。七月开
花碧绿色，形如鼓子花。八月采根，晒干。又云∶四月蒜熟时采之良。此有数种。《 诗》
言采其KT （音虻）。陆机疏云∶贝母也。其叶如栝楼而细小，其子在根下，如芋子，正白，
四
方连累相着，有分解。今近道出者正类此。郭璞注《尔雅》云∶白花，叶似韭，此种罕复
见之。此药亦治恶疮。唐人记其事云；江左尝有商人，左膊上有疮，如人面，亦无它苦。商
人戏滴酒口中，其面亦赤色。以物食之，亦能食，食多则觉膊内肉胀起。或不食之，则一臂
痹。有善医者，教其历试诸药，金石草木之类，悉试之无苦，至贝母，其疮乃聚眉闭口，商
人喜曰∶此药可治也。因以小苇筒毁其口灌之，数日成痂，遂愈，然不知何疾也。谨按
《本经》主金疮，此岂金疮之类欤！
雷公云∶凡使，先于柳木灰中炮令黄。擘破。去内口鼻上有米许大者心一小颗。后拌糯
米于
鏊上
同炒，待米黄熟，然后去米，取出。其中有独颗团，不作两片无皱者，号曰丹龙精。不入用
。
若误服，令人筋脉永不收。用黄精、小蓝汁合服，立愈。别说云谨按贝母能散心胸郁结
之
气，殊有功。则《诗》所谓言采其虻者是也。盖作诗者，本以不得志而言之，今用以治心中
气不快多愁郁者，殊有功信矣！
味辛、苦，性平、微寒，无毒。主治伤寒引起的烦热，淋证（小便淋漓涩痛）、邪气侵袭、疝气瘕积（腹中结块），喉痹（咽喉肿痛闭塞），乳汁不通，金疮（金属利器造成的创伤）引发的风痉（抽搐痉挛），治疗腹中结实感，心下痞满，阵阵恶风寒，头晕目眩，项部僵硬，咳嗽气逆，止烦热口渴，发汗，安五脏，利骨髓。又名空草，又名药实，又名苦花，又名苦菜，又名商草，又名勤母。产于晋地。十月采集根部，晒干。（浓朴、白薇为其使药，忌与桃花同用，畏惧秦艽、石南叶、莽草，与乌头相反。）
陶隐居说：现在出产于邻近道路的地区。形状像聚集在一起的贝子，所以名叫贝母。辟谷时服用它不会感到饥饿。《唐本草》注解说：这种植物的叶子像大蒜。四月大蒜成熟时采收为好。如果十月苗枯死，根部也不好。出自润州、荆州、襄州的品质最佳，江南各州也有。味甘、苦，不辛。按《尔雅》记载，又名KT（音忙庚）。臣禹锡等人谨按《尔雅》说：KT，就是贝母。注解说：根像小贝，圆而开白花，叶像韭菜。疏引陆机说：它的叶子像栝楼但细小。它的子在根下，像芋头子，纯白色，四方相连累附着，有分解之状。《药性论》说：贝母，属臣药，微寒。治疗虚热，主治难产，研末服用。兼治胞衣不下，取七枚研末，酒送服。研末，点眼去除肤翳（眼部膜状物）。主治胸胁逆气，治疗时行疾病、黄疸。与连翘共同主治颈部下方的瘤瘿疾。日华子说：消痰，润肺养心。研末和沙糖做成丸剂，含服止咳。烧成灰用油调敷人畜恶疮。
《图经》说：贝母产于晋地，现在的河中、江陵府、郢、寿、随、郑、蔡、润、滁州都有出产。根部有瓣子，黄白色，像聚集的贝子，所以名叫贝母。二月生苗，茎细青色，叶也是青色，像荞麦，叶随苗长出。七月开碧绿色花，形状像鼓子花。八月采集根部，晒干。又说：四月大蒜成熟时采收为好。这有多种种类。《诗经》说“采其KT”（音虻）。陆机疏解说：是贝母。它的叶子像栝楼但细小，它的子在根下，像芋头子，纯白色，四方相连累附着，有分解。现在邻近地区出产的正与此类似。郭璞注《尔雅》说：白花，叶像韭菜，这种品种很少再见到了。此药也治疗恶疮。唐人记载此事说：江东曾经有个商人，左臂上有个疮，像人脸，也没有其他痛苦。商人开玩笑滴酒在口中，那脸也变红。用东西喂它，也能吃，吃得多了就觉得臂内肉胀起。如果不喂它，整条手臂就会麻木。有位好医生，教他逐一尝试各种药物，金石草木之类，都试了没有痛苦，到了贝母，那疮就皱眉闭口，商人高兴地说：这药可以治疗。于是用小苇筒撬开它的嘴灌药，几天后结成痂，就好了，然而不知道是什么病。谨按《本经》主治金疮，这难道是金疮一类吗！
雷公说：凡使用，先在柳木灰中炮制令其变黄。掰开。去掉内部口鼻上有米粒大小的一颗心。然后拌入糯米在鏊子上同炒，待米黄熟，然后去掉米，取出。其中有单独一颗团状，不分成两片无皱纹的，号称丹龙精。不入药用。如果误服，使人筋脉永远无法收敛。用黄精、小蓝汁合服，立即痊愈。别说云：谨按贝母能疏散心胸郁结之气，功效显著。那么《诗经》所说的“言采其虻”的就是指这个。大概作诗的人，原本是因为不得志而说的，现在用来治疗心中气机不畅多愁郁者，确实功效显著！
Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu)
Pungent, bitter; neutral, slightly cold; non-toxic. Mainly treats febrile disease with vexation and heat, strangury (dysuria with dribbling), pathogenic factors, hernia and mass accumulation (abdominal masses), throat obstruction (sore throat with blockage), difficulty in lactation, wind-spasm due to metallic wounds, resolves abdominal firmness, subcostal fullness, aversion to wind and cold with shivering, dizziness and stiffness of the neck, cough with rebellious Qi, stops vexation and heat and thirst, induces sweating, calms the five Zang organs, benefits the bone marrow. Also known as Kongcao, Yaoshi, Kuhua, Kucai, Shangcao, Qinmu. Grows in the Jin region. Roots are harvested in the tenth lunar month and dried in the sun. (Polygalae Radix (Nongpu) and Coptidis Rhizoma (Baiwei) act as guides; incompatible with Prunus persica flower; adverse reaction with Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix (Qinjiao), Arisaema cum Bile (Shinan), and Polygoni Multiflori Caulis (Mangcao); contrary to Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Wutou).)
Tao Hongjing stated: It is now produced in areas near the roads. Its shape resembles clustered pearl shells, hence the name Beimu. It can be taken during grain-abstention (Bigu) without causing hunger. The Commentary on Tang Materia Medica noted: The leaves resemble garlic. It is best harvested in the fourth lunar month when garlic is ripe. If the seedlings wither in the tenth lunar month, the roots are also of poor quality. Those from Runzhou, Jingzhou, and Xiangzhou are the best; those in various states south of the Yangtze River are also available. Sweet, bitter; not pungent. According to the Erya, it is also called KT (pronounced mang-geng). Ministers Yu Xi et al. carefully followed the Erya stating: KT is Beimu. The annotation notes: The root resembles a small shell, round with white flowers, and the leaves resemble leeks. The commentary cites Lu Ji saying: Its leaves are like Trichosanthes kirilowii root but smaller. Its bulbs are under the root, like taro tubers, pure white, connected in four directions, having a segmented nature. The Treatise on the Properties of Medicinals stated: Beimu is a minister herb, slightly cold. It treats deficiency-heat and mainly facilitates difficult childbirth; taken as powder. It also treats retention of the placenta; take seven pieces ground into powder and swallow with wine. Ground into powder, it is used for eye drops to remove corneal opacity. It treats rebellious Qi in the chest and hypochondrium, treats epidemic diseases, and jaundice. Together with Forsythiae Fructum (Lianqiao), it mainly treats goiter and scrofula below the neck. Ri Huazi stated: It resolves phlegm and moistens the lungs and heart. Mixed with rock sugar into pills and held in the mouth, it stops coughing. Burned to ash and mixed with oil, it is applied to malignant sores in humans and animals.
The Illustrations of Materia Medica stated: Beimu grows in the Jin region; it is now found in Hezhong, Jiangling Prefecture, Ying, Shou, Sui, Zheng, Cai, Run, and Chuzhou. The root has bulbils, yellowish-white, resembling clustered pearl shells, hence the name Beimu. Seedlings emerge in the second lunar month; the stem is thin and green; the leaves are also green, resembling buckwheat, emerging with the stem. In the seventh lunar month, it blooms with greenish-blue flowers, shaped like Calystegia hederacea flowers. Roots are harvested in the eighth lunar month and dried. It is also said: It is best harvested in the fourth lunar month when garlic is ripe. There are several varieties. The Book of Songs says "gathering its KT" (pronounced meng). Lu Ji's commentary stated: It is Beimu. Its leaves are like Trichosanthes root but smaller; its bulbs are under the root, like taro tubers, pure white, connected in four directions, having a segmented nature. Those currently produced in nearby regions exactly resemble this. Guo Pu's annotation of the Erya stated: White flowers, leaves resembling leeks; this variety is rarely seen nowadays. This herb also treats malignant sores. A Tang dynasty record describes an incident: A merchant in Jiangzuo once had a sore on his left upper arm that resembled a human face, with no other discomfort. The merchant jokingly dripped wine into its mouth, and the face turned red. Feeding it with food, it could eat; if fed too much, the flesh inside the arm would swell. If not fed, the entire arm would become numb. A skilled physician taught him to try various medicines one by one, including minerals, stones, herbs, and trees; none caused discomfort until Beimu was tried, at which point the sore frowned and closed its mouth. The merchant rejoiced, saying: This medicine can cure it. Thus, using a small reed tube to pry open its mouth and administer the decoction, after several days a scab formed, and it healed, though the nature of the disease remained unknown. Carefully following the Classic of Materia Medica, which states it treats metallic wounds, is this not a type of metallic wound?
Lei Gong stated: When preparing, first roast it in willow wood ash until yellow. Break it apart. Remove the small core inside, about the size of a rice grain, located where the nose and mouth would be. Then mix with glutinous rice and stir-fry together on a griddle until the rice turns yellow and cooked, then remove the rice and extract the herb. Among them, there are single round ones that do not split into two halves and have no wrinkles, called Danlongjing. These are not used medicinally. If mistakenly ingested, it causes permanent inability to contract the sinews and vessels. Taking Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati (Huangjing) combined with juice of Indigofera tinctoria (Xiaolan) cures it immediately. Additional remarks state: Carefully following, Beimu can disperse stagnant Qi in the chest and heart, achieving significant merit. Thus, what the Book of Songs referred to as "gathering its Meng" is indeed this. The poet likely spoke of it expressing frustration over unfulfilled ambitions; now, using it to treat those with stagnant Qi in the heart and excessive melancholy proves truly effective!