\r金牙\pd58.bmp\r
味咸，无毒。主鬼疰，毒蛊，诸疰。生蜀郡，如金色者良。
陶隐居云∶今出蜀汉，似粗金，大如棋子而方。又有铜牙亦相似，但外色黑，内色小浅，
不
入药用。金牙唯合酒、散及五疰丸，余方不甚须此。唐本注云∶金牙，离本处入土水中，久
皆色黑，不可谓之铜牙也。此出汉中，金牙湍湍两岸入石间，打出者，内即金色，岸摧入水
，久者皆黑。近南山溪谷、茂州、雍州亦有，胜于汉中者。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶金牙
石，君。治一切风，筋骨挛急，腰脚不遂。烧浸服之良。日华子云∶金牙石，味甘，平。治
一切冷风气，暖腰膝，补水脏，惊悸，小儿惊痫。入药并烧淬去粗汁乃用。
图经曰∶金牙，生蜀郡，今雍州亦有之。《本经》以如金色者良，而此物出于溪谷，在
蜀汉
江
岸石间打出者，内即金色，岸摧入水，年久者多黑。葛洪治风毒厥，有大小金牙酒，但浸其
汁而饮之。古方亦有烧淬去毒入药者。孙思邈治风毒及鬼疰，南方瘴气，传尸等，各有大小
金牙散之类是也。又有铜牙，亦相似而外黑色，方书少见用者。小金牙酒，主风疰百病，虚
劳，湿冷缓不仁，不能行步，近人用之多效，故着其法云∶金牙、细辛、地肤子、莽草、干
地黄、蒴 根、防风、附子、茵芋、续断、蜀椒各四两，独活一斤，十二物，金牙捣末，别
盛练囊，余皆薄切，并金牙共内大绢囊，以清酒四斗渍之，密泥器口，四宿酒成，温服二合
，日三，渐增之。
衍义曰∶金牙，今方家绝不用。以此故，商客无利不贩卖，医者由是委而不用，兼所唯
蜀郡
有之，盖亦不广也。余如《经》。
金牙
味咸，无毒。主治鬼疰（一种具有传染性、症状类似疟疾的慢性消耗性疾病）、毒蛊（由毒虫或邪气引起的中毒病症）以及各类疰病。产于蜀郡，以颜色如金色者为佳。
陶隐居说：现在出产于蜀汉地区，质地像粗金，大小如棋子且形状方正。又有铜牙也与此相似，但外表颜色黑，内部颜色稍浅，不能入药使用。金牙只适合配制酒剂、散剂以及五疰丸，其他方剂中不太需要用到它。《唐本草》注解说：金牙石离开产地进入泥土和水中后，时间久了都会变成黑色，不能称之为铜牙。这种药材产自汉中，生长在汉中湍急河流两岸的石缝间，被打捞出来的时候，内部呈现金色；若岸边崩塌落入水中，年代久远的都会变黑。近处的南山溪谷、茂州、雍州也有出产，品质胜过汉中。臣禹锡等人按照《药性论》记载：金牙石，列为君药。治疗各种风邪引起的筋骨拘挛抽搐、腰脚麻木不遂。烧制后浸水服用效果良好。日华子说：金牙石，味甘，性平。治疗各种冷风气，温暖腰膝，补益肾（水脏），治疗惊悸，小儿惊痫。入药时都要经过烧红后淬水，去掉粗糙杂质后才可使用。
《图经本草》说：金牙，产于蜀郡，现在雍州也有出产。《神农本草经》认为像金色者为佳，而这种物产出于溪谷，在蜀汉江岸石间被打捞出来的，内部即呈金色；若岸边崩塌落入水中，年代久远的多呈黑色。葛洪治疗风毒厥证，有大、小金牙酒，只需浸泡其汁液饮用即可。古方中也有将其烧红淬水去毒后入药的。孙思邈治疗风毒及鬼疰、南方瘴气、传尸（肺结核等慢性消耗性传染病）等，各有大、小金牙散之类的方剂。又有铜牙，外形相似但外表黑色，医书中少见使用。小金牙酒，主治风疰百病、虚劳、湿冷导致的肢体缓纵麻木、不能行走，近代人使用大多有效，所以记录其方法如下：金牙、细辛、地肤子、莽草、干地黄、蒴藋根、防风、附子、茵芋、续断、蜀椒各四两，独活一斤，共十二味药。将金牙捣成粉末，单独盛放在丝织袋中，其余药物均切成薄片，与装金牙的袋子一起放入大的绢袋中，用清酒四斗浸泡，密封容器口，四天后酒制成，每次温服二合，每日三次，逐渐增加剂量。
《衍义》说：金牙，现在的方家绝对不用。因为这个原因，商人无利可图就不贩卖，医生因此也就弃而不用，加上只有蜀郡有出产，大概也不广泛。其余内容如同《本经》所述。
Jinya (Gold Tooth Stone)
Salty in flavor, non-toxic. It primarily treats Guizhu (a contagious chronic wasting disease with symptoms similar to malaria), toxic gu (poisoning caused by venomous insects or evil qi), and various types of Zhu diseases. It is produced in Shu Commandery, and the specimens resembling gold in color are considered superior.
Tao Hongjing stated: Currently, it is produced in the Shu-Han region, resembling coarse gold, large as a chess piece and square in shape. There is also Tongya (Copper Tooth Stone) which resembles it, but its exterior color is black and the interior color is slightly lighter; it is not used in medicine. Jinya is only suitable for preparing wine preparations, powders, and Wu Zhu Wan (Five Zhu Pills); it is not much needed in other formulas. The annotation in *Tang Bencao* states: When Jinya stone leaves its original location and enters soil or water, it turns black after a long time and cannot be called Tongya. This medicinal material comes from Hanzhong, growing in the cracks of stones on both banks of the turbulent streams in Hanzhong. Those extracted have a golden interior immediately upon extraction; if the bank collapses into the water, those that have been there for a long time all turn black. It is also found in nearby Nanshan valleys, Maozhou, and Yongzhou, surpassing those from Hanzhong in quality. Ministers Yuxi et al., according to *Yaoxing Lun*, recorded: Jinya stone is a Sovereign herb. It treats all wind-induced conditions, such as tendon and bone spasms and contractures, and numbness or paralysis of the waist and legs. It is effective when calcined, soaked in water, and taken orally. Rihua Zi stated: Jinya stone has a sweet flavor and is neutral in nature. It treats all cold wind pathogens, warms the waist and knees, tonifies the Kidney (Water Zang), and treats palpitations and pediatric convulsions. When used in medicine, it must be calcined until red, quenched in water, and the coarse impurities removed before use.
*Tujing Bencao* stated: Jinya is produced in Shu Commandery, and is now also found in Yongzhou. *Shennong Benjing* considers those resembling gold to be superior. This substance is found in stream valleys; those extracted from the cracks of stones on the banks of rivers in Shu-Han have a golden interior immediately upon extraction. If the bank collapses into the water, those that have remained there for years mostly turn black. Ge Hong treated wind-toxin jue syndrome with Da Jinya Jiu (Large Jinya Wine) and Xiao Jinya Jiu (Small Jinya Wine), simply soaking them to extract the juice for drinking. Ancient formulas also included methods of calcining and quenching to remove toxicity before incorporating into medicines. Sun Simiao treated wind-toxin, Guizhu, southern miasma, and Chuanshen (chronic wasting infectious diseases like tuberculosis) using formulas such as Da Jinya San (Large Jinya Powder) and Xiao Jinya San. There is also Tongya, which resembles it but has a black exterior; it is rarely used in medical texts. Xiao Jinya Jiu primarily treats Fengzhu (wind-zhu) and hundred diseases, deficiency-wasting, and numbness or inability to walk due to damp-cold flaccidity. Modern people find it highly effective, so its method is recorded as follows: Jinya, Xixin (Asarum Root), Difuzi (Kochia Fruit), Mangcao (Dichroa Root), Ganhuangqi (Dried Rehmannia Root), Shuobi Gen (Polygonatum Rhizome), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root), Yinyu (Skimmia Bark), Xuduan (Dipsacus Root), and Shujiao (Sichuan Pepper) each 4 liang, and Duhuo (Angelica Pubescens Root) 1 jin. These twelve ingredients: crush Jinya into powder, store separately in a silk bag. Slice the remaining herbs thinly, place them together with the Jinya bag into a large linen bag. Soak in 4 dou of clear wine, seal the vessel mouth tightly with mud. After four days, the wine is ready. Take 2 he of warm wine three times a day, gradually increasing the dose.
*Yanyi* stated: Jinya is absolutely not used by contemporary physicians. For this reason, merchants do not traffic in it due to lack of profit, and doctors consequently discard it. Furthermore, it is only produced in Shu Commandery and is not widely available. The rest remains as described in *Benjing*.