\r防风\pd106.bmp\r
味甘、辛，温，无毒。主大风，头眩痛，恶风，风邪，目盲无所见，风行周身，骨节
疼痹，烦满，胁痛胁风，头面去来，四肢挛急，字乳，金疮，内痉。久服轻身。叶，主中风
热汗出。一名铜芸，一名茴草，一名百枝，一名屏风，一名 根，一名百蜚。生沙苑川泽及
邯郸、琅邪、上蔡。二月、十月采根，曝干。（得泽泻、 本疗风，得当归、芍药、阳起石
、禹余粮疗妇人子脏风，杀附子毒，恶干姜、藜芦、白蔹、芫花。）
陶隐居云∶郡县无名沙苑。今第一出彭城、兰陵，即近琅邪者。郁州互市亦得之。次出
襄阳
、义阳县界，亦可用，即近上蔡者。唯实而脂润，头节坚如蚯蚓头者为好。俗用疗风最要，
道方时用。唐本注云∶今出齐州、龙山最善，淄州、兖州、青州者亦佳。叶似牡蒿、附子苗
等。《别录》云∶叉头者，令人发狂。叉尾者，发痼疾。子似胡荽而大，调食用之香，而疗
风更优也。沙苑在同州南，亦出防风，轻虚不如东道者，陶云无沙苑，误矣。襄阳、义阳、
上蔡，元无防风，陶乃妄注尔。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经云∶叶似牡蒿，白花，八月、九月
采根。药性论云∶防风，臣。花主心腹痛，四肢拘急，行履不得，经脉虚羸，主骨节间疼痛
。段成式酉阳杂俎云∶青州防风子，可乱荜茇。日华子云∶治三十六般风，男子一切劳劣，
补中，益神，风赤眼，止泪及瘫缓，通利五脏，关脉，五劳七伤，羸损，盗汗，心烦体重，
能安神定志，匀气脉。
图经曰∶防风，生沙苑川泽及邯郸、上蔡，今京东、淮、浙州郡皆有之。根土黄色，与
蜀葵
根相类，茎、叶俱青绿色，茎深而叶淡，似青蒿而短小。初时嫩紫，作菜茹，极爽口。五月
开细白花，中心攒聚作大房，似莳萝花。实似胡荽而大。二月、十月采根，曝干。关中生者
，三月、六月采，然轻虚不及齐州者良。又有石防风，出河中府，根如蒿根而黄，叶青花白
，五月开花，六月采根，曝干。亦疗头风眩痛。又宋、亳间及江东出一种防风，其苗初春便
生，嫩时红紫色，彼人以作菜茹，味甚佳，然云动风气。《本经》云∶叶主中风热汗出，与
此相反，恐别是一种耳。
经验后方∶治破伤风。防风、天南星等分，为末。每服二、三匙，童子小便五升，煎至
四升
服，愈即止。又方∶治崩中。防风去芦头，炙赤色，为末。每服二钱，以面糊酒调下，更以
面糊酒投之，此药累经有效。
衍义文具黄 条下。
防风
味甘、辛，性温，无毒。主治大风（严重的风邪病证），头眩痛，恶风，风邪侵袭，目盲无所见，风行周身，骨节疼痹，烦满，胁痛胁风，头面部位疼痛游走不定，四肢挛急，难产（字乳），金疮（金属利器造成的创伤），内痉（体内痉挛）。长期服用可轻身（使身体轻盈）。叶，主治中风热汗出。又名铜芸，又名茴草，又名百枝，又名屏风，又名[缺字]根，又名百蜚。生长于沙苑川泽以及邯郸、琅邪、上蔡等地。二月、十月采挖根部，晒干。（与泽泻、藁本同用可治疗风病，与当归、芍药、阳起石、禹余粮同用可治疗妇人子宫风病，能解除附子毒性，畏干姜、藜芦、白蔹、芫花。）
陶隐居说：郡县中没有名为沙苑的地方。现在最好的产自彭城、兰陵，即靠近琅邪的地方。郁州通过互市也能得到。其次产自襄阳、义阳县界，也可以使用，即靠近上蔡的地方。只有质地坚实而油脂滋润，头部节段坚硬如蚯蚓头的才是好品。民间用来治疗风病最为重要，道教方剂中也常用。唐本注说：现在产自齐州、龙山的最好，淄州、兖州、青州的也不错。叶子像牡蒿、附子苗等。《别录》说：叉头的，令人发狂。叉尾的，引发顽固性疾病。种子像胡荽但较大，调和食用味道香，且治疗风病更优。沙苑在同州南边，也出产防风，但轻虚不如东道（东方道路沿线地区）的好，陶隐居说没有沙苑，是错误的。襄阳、义阳、上蔡，原本没有防风，陶隐居是妄加注释罢了。臣禹锡等人谨按蜀本图经说：叶子像牡蒿，白花，八月、九月采挖根部。药性论说：防风，属臣药。花主治心腹痛，四肢拘急，行走困难，经脉虚弱消瘦，主治骨节间疼痛。段成式酉阳杂俎说：青州防风子，可以冒充荜茇。日华子说：治疗三十六般风，男子一切劳损衰弱，补中气，益神志，风赤眼，止泪及瘫缓，通利五脏，关脉，五劳七伤，羸损，盗汗，心烦体重，能安神定志，匀气脉。
图经说：防风，生长在沙苑川泽以及邯郸、上蔡，现在京东、淮、浙各州郡都有。根部土黄色，与蜀葵根相似，茎、叶都是青绿色，茎深绿而叶淡绿，像青蒿但短小。初时嫩紫，作为蔬菜食用，极爽口。五月开细小白花，中心聚集成大房状，像莳萝花。果实像胡荽但较大。二月、十月采挖根部，晒干。关中生产的，三月、六月采收，但轻虚不如齐州的好。又有石防风，产于河中府，根像蒿根而黄，叶青花白，五月开花，六月采挖根部，晒干。也治疗头风眩痛。又宋、亳之间及江东出产一种防风，其苗早春就生长，嫩时红紫色，当地人把它作蔬菜吃，味道很好，但据说动风气。《本经》说：叶主治中风热汗出，与此相反，恐怕是另一种植物吧。
经验后方：治疗破伤风。防风、天南星等分，研为末。每次服二、三匙，童子小便五升，煎至四升服用，痊愈即停。又一法：治疗崩中（妇女非经期大量出血）。防风去芦头，炙至赤色，研为末。每次服二钱，用面糊酒调下，再用面糊酒送服，此药多次有效。
衍义在文具黄条下有详细记载。
Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng)
Taste: Sweet, Pungent; Nature: Warm; Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats severe Wind pathogen (severe wind-induced disease), dizziness and headache, aversion to wind, invasion of Wind pathogen, blindness with no vision, Wind circulating throughout the body, pain and bi-syndrome in bone joints, irritability and fullness, hypochondriac pain and hypochondriac Wind, migratory pain in the head and face, spasms and cramps in the four limbs, difficult childbirth (Ziru), metallic trauma (Jinchuang), internal spasms. Long-term use makes the body feel light. Leaves: Mainly treat sweating due to Wind-Heat from Zhongfeng (Wind Stroke). Also known as Tongyun, Huicao, Baizhi, Pingfeng, [missing character]gen, Baifei. Grows in river marshes of Shayuan, as well as Handan, Langya, and Shangcai. Roots are harvested in February and October and sun-dried. (When combined with Alisma Rhizoma (Zexie) and Ligusticum Wallichii Rhizome (Gaoben), it treats Wind diseases; when combined with Angelica Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Paeonia Lactiflora Radix (Shaoyao), Yangqishi, and Hematitum (Yuyuliang), it treats uterine Wind in women; it neutralizes Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Fuzi) toxicity; incompatible with Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Ganjiang), Veratrum Nigrum Rhizoma (Lilu), Ampelopsis Japonica Radix (Bailian), and Genkwa Flos (Yuanhua).)
Tao Hongjing stated: There is no place named Shayuan in the commanderies and counties. Currently, the best quality comes from Pengcheng and Lanling, which are near Langya. It can also be obtained through inter-provincial trade in Yuzhou. The next best comes from Xiangyang and the borders of Yiyang County, which are near Shangcai. Only those that are solid, oily, and have hard nodes at the head resembling earthworm heads are considered good. They are most important for folk use in treating Wind diseases and are frequently used in Daoist prescriptions. Tang Ben Zhu noted: Currently, the best comes from Qizhou and Longshan; those from Zizhou, Yanzhou, and Qingzhou are also excellent. The leaves resemble Artemisia annua var. anethifolia (Mu'ao) and seedlings of Aconitum carmichaelii (Fuzi). Bie Lu stated: Those with forked heads cause madness; those with forked tails induce chronic stubborn diseases. The seeds resemble Coriandrum sativum (Husui) but are larger; they are fragrant when used in cooking and are superior for treating Wind diseases. Shayuan is south of Tongzhou and also produces Saposhnikoviae Radix, but it is lighter and less substantial than that from the Eastern Route areas. Tao's statement that there is no Shayuan is incorrect. Xiangyang, Yiyang, and Shangcai originally did not produce Saposhnikoviae Radix; Tao's annotation was presumptuous. Ministers Yu Xi et al., according to the Shu Ben Tu Jing, stated: The leaves resemble Mu'ao, with white flowers; roots are harvested in August and September. Yao Xing Lun stated: Saposhnikoviae Radix is a Minister herb. The flower mainly treats heart and abdominal pain, limb stiffness and cramps, inability to walk, deficiency and emaciation of meridians, and pain between bone joints. Duan Chengshi's Youyang Zazu stated: Seeds of Saposhnikoviae Radix from Qingzhou can be passed off as Piper longum (Bibo). Ri Hua Zi stated: It treats thirty-six types of Wind, all kinds of exhaustion and weakness in men, tonifies the Middle Jiao, benefits Shen (Spirit), treats red eyes caused by Wind, stops tearing and paralysis/flaccidity, unblocks the Five Zang organs and Guan pulse, treats Wu Lao Qi Shang (Five Exhaustions and Seven Injuries), emaciation, night sweats, vexation and heaviness, calms the Shen and stabilizes willpower, and regulates Qi pulses.
Tu Jing stated: Saposhnikoviae Radix grows in river marshes of Shayuan, as well as Handan and Shangcai. Currently, it is found in all prefectures and commands of Jingdong, Huai, and Zhe regions. The root is earth-yellow, resembling Malva verticillata Radix (Shukui gen). The stems and leaves are green; stems are dark green, leaves are pale green, resembling Artemisia argyi (Qinghao) but shorter. When young and purple, it can be eaten as a vegetable and is very refreshing. In May, it opens small white flowers, clustered in the center into large capsules, resembling Anethum graveolens (Shiluo) flowers. The fruit resembles Coriandrum sativum but is larger. Roots are harvested in February and October and sun-dried. Those produced in Guanzhong are harvested in March and June, but they are lighter and less substantial than those from Qizhou, which are better. There is also Shi Fangfeng (Stone Saposhnikoviae Radix), produced in Hezhong Prefecture. The root resembles Artemisia capillaris (Haogen) and is yellow; leaves are green, flowers are white. It blooms in May, and roots are harvested in June and sun-dried. It also treats Head Wind and dizziness/pain. Additionally, a type of Saposhnikoviae Radix produced between Song and Bo, and in Jiangdong, sprouts early in spring. When tender, it is reddish-purple. Locals eat it as a vegetable, and it tastes very good, but it is said to stir up Wind pathogen. Ben Jing stated: Leaves treat sweating from Wind-Heat Zhongfeng, which contradicts this description, suggesting it might be a different species.
Experience Posterior Formulas: Treats Traumatic Tetanus (Poshang Feng). Equal parts of Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng) and Pinelliae Tuber (Tiannanxing), ground into powder. Take two or three spoons per dose, decocted in five sheng of urine from an uncircumcised boy until reduced to four sheng. Take orally; stop when cured. Another formula: Treats Metrorrhagia (Bengzhong). Remove the rhizome of Saposhnikoviae Radix, roast until reddish-brown, and grind into powder. Take two qian per dose, mixed with flour paste wine. Follow up with more flour paste wine. This medicine has proven effective repeatedly.
Yanyi provides detailed information under the entry for Wenju Huang.