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味甘，平，无毒。主五脏，心下邪气，口中烂臭，坚齿，明目，聪耳。久服轻身，耐
老。一名睢（七余切），一名醮。生南海池泽。
陶隐居云∶方药不复用，俗人无采，彼土人亦不复识者。江南贡菁茅，一名香茅，以供
宗庙
缩酒。或云是薰草，又云是燕麦，此蒲亦相类尔。唐本注云∶此即甘蒲，作荐者，春初生，
用白为菹，亦堪蒸食。山南名此蒲为香蒲，谓菖蒲为臭蒲。陶隐居所引菁茅，乃三脊茅也。
其燕麦、薰草、香茅，野俗皆识，都不为类此，并非例也。蒲黄，即此香蒲花是也。
图经曰文具蒲黄条下。
\r继断\pd109.bmp\r
味苦、辛，微温，无毒。主伤寒，补不足，金疮，痈伤，折跌，续筋骨，妇人乳难，
崩中漏血，金疮血内漏，止痛生肌肉及 伤，恶血，腰痛，关节缓急。久服益气力。一名龙
豆，一名属折，一名接骨，一名南草，一名槐。生常山山谷。七月、八月采，阴干。（地黄
为之使，恶雷丸。）
陶隐居云∶按《桐君药录》云∶续断生蔓延，叶细，茎如荏大，根本黄白有汁。七月、
八月
采根。今皆用茎叶，节节断，皮黄皱，状如鸡脚者，又呼为桑上寄生。恐皆非真。时人又有
接骨树，高丈余许，叶似蒴 （音朔濯）。皮，主疗金疮，有此接骨名，疑或者。而广州又
有
一藤名续断，一名诺藤，断其茎，器承其汁饮之，疗虚损绝伤；用沐头，又长发。折枝插地
即生，恐此又相类。李云是虎蓟，与此大乖，而虎蓟亦自疗血尔。唐本注云∶此药所在山谷
皆有。今俗用者，是叶似苎而茎方，根如大蓟，黄白色。陶注者非也。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本
图
经云∶叶似苎，茎方，两叶对，花红白色，根如大蓟，一株有五、六枝。药性论云∶续断，
君。主绝伤，去诸温毒，能通宣经脉。日华子云∶助气，调血脉，补五劳七伤，破症结瘀血
，消肿毒，肠风，痔 ，乳痈，瘰 ，扑损，妇人产前后一切病，面黄虚肿，缩小便，止泄
精，尿血，胎漏，子宫冷。又名大蓟、山牛蒡。
图经曰∶续断，生常山山谷。今陕西、河中、兴元府、舒、越、晋州亦有之。三月以后
生苗
，
秆四棱，似苎麻，叶亦类之，两两相对而生。四月开花，红白色，似益母花。根如大蓟，赤
黄色，七月、八月采。谨按《范汪方》云∶续断即是马蓟，与小蓟叶相似，但大于小蓟耳
。
叶似旁翁菜而小浓，两边有刺，刺人，其花紫色，与今越州生者相类。而市之货者，亦有数
种，少能辨其粗良。医人用之，但以节节断，皮黄皱者为真。
雷公云∶凡使，勿用草茆根，缘真似续断，若误用服之，令人筋软。采得后横切锉之，
又去
向
里硬筋了，用酒浸一伏时，焙干用。外台秘要∶治淋，取生续断绞取汁服之，马蓟根是。子
母
秘录治产后心闷，手足烦热， 气欲绝，血晕，心头硬，乍寒乍热，增寒忍不禁。续断皮
一握，锉，以水三升，煎取一升，分三服，温服。如人行三、二里再服。无所忌。此药救产
后垂死。
香蒲
味甘，性平，无毒。主治五脏疾病，消除心下的邪气，治疗口中腐烂发臭，坚固牙齿，明亮双目，使耳聪目明。长期服用可使身体轻盈，延缓衰老。又名睢（读音同“七余切”），又名醮。生长于南海地区的池塘沼泽中。
陶隐居说：现在的方药中不再使用它，普通人不去采集，当地人也已不认识它了。江南地区进贡菁茅，又名香茅，用于宗庙祭祀时的缩酒仪式。有人说这是薰草，又有人说这是燕麦，这种香蒲与它们相似罢了。《唐本草》注解说：这就是甘蒲，用来制作席垫的，春天初生时，取白色的部分做成腌菜，也可以蒸着吃。山南地区称这种蒲为香蒲，称菖蒲为臭蒲。陶隐居所引用的菁茅，其实是三脊茅。至于燕麦、薰草、香茅，民间百姓都认识，都不属于这一类，不能混为一谈。蒲黄，就是这种香蒲的花粉。《图经》中已有详细记载，见蒲黄条目下。
续断
味苦、辛，性微温，无毒。主治伤寒病，补益不足，治疗金疮（金属利器造成的创伤）、痈伤、骨折跌打损伤，接续筋骨，治疗妇人乳汁不通，崩中漏血（子宫出血不止），金疮内部出血，止痛并促进肌肉生长，以及外伤恶血、腰痛、关节拘急或弛缓。长期服用可益气力。又名龙豆，又名属折，又名接骨，又名南草，又名槐。生长于常山的山谷中。七月、八月采收，阴干。（以地黄为使药，畏雷丸。）
陶隐居说：查考《桐君药录》记载：续断生长蔓延，叶子细小，茎像荏（一种植物）那么大，根部黄白色且有汁液。七月、八月采收根部。现在人们都用茎叶，那些一节节断开、皮黄皱缩、形状像鸡脚的，又被称为桑上寄生。恐怕都不是真正的续断。当时人又有接骨树，高约一丈多，叶子像蒴藋（音朔濯）。其皮，主治金疮，有接骨的名声，怀疑可能是这类。而广州还有一种藤本植物名叫续断，又名诺藤，折断其茎，用容器承接流出的汁液饮用，可治疗虚损绝伤；用来洗头，又能使头发增长。折断枝条插在地上就能生根，恐怕这也只是相似之物。李云认为是虎蓟，这与续断大相径庭，但虎蓟也能治疗血证。《唐本草》注解说：这种药所在的山谷都有。现在民间使用的，是叶子像苎麻而茎呈方形，根像大蓟，颜色黄白色的品种。陶隐居的注释是错误的。臣禹锡等人谨按蜀本《图经》记载：叶子像苎麻，茎方形，两片叶子相对生长，花红白色，根像大蓟，一株有五、六枝。《药性论》说：续断为君药。主治绝伤，去除各种温毒，能通宣经脉。日华子说：辅助气机，调和血脉，补益五劳七伤，破除症结瘀血，消肿毒，治疗肠风、痔疾、乳痈、瘰疬，治疗跌打损伤，妇人产前产后一切疾病，面色萎黄虚肿，缩小便，止泄精、尿血、胎漏，治疗子宫寒冷。又名大蓟、山牛蒡。
《图经》说：续断生长在常山的山谷中。现在陕西、河中、兴元府、舒州、越州、晋州也有出产。三月以后生苗，秆四棱形，像苎麻，叶子也类似，两两相对而生。四月开花，红白色，像益母草的花。根像大蓟，赤黄色，七月、八月采收。谨按《范汪方》记载：续断即是马蓟，与小蓟叶子相似，只是比小蓟大而已。叶子像旁翁菜而稍小且浓密，两边有刺，刺人，花紫色，与现在越州出产的相似。而市场上售卖的，也有几种，很少有人能辨别优劣。医生使用它，只以一节节断开、皮黄皱缩的为真品。
雷公说：凡是用此药，不要用草茆根，因为真的续断和它相似，如果误服，会使人的筋脉软弱。采收后横切锉碎，去掉里面坚硬的筋，用酒浸泡一个时辰（一夜），焙干后使用。《外台秘要》：治疗淋证，取新鲜续断绞取汁液服用，使用的是马蓟根。《子母秘录》治疗产后心闷，手足烦热，气喘欲绝，血晕，心头硬，忽冷忽热，怕冷难以忍受。取续断皮一握，锉碎，用水三升，煎取一升，分三次服用，温服。如人行走三里、二里的时间后再服。没有禁忌。此药能救活产后垂危的病人。
Xiangpu (Cattail Pollen/Stem)
Sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats diseases of the five Zang organs, eliminates pathogenic factors below the heart, treats foul breath with oral ulcers, strengthens teeth, brightens the eyes, and improves hearing. Long-term consumption lightens the body and delays aging. Also known as Sui (pronounced like "qi yu qie"), also known as Jiao. Grows in ponds and marshes in the Nanhai region.
Tao Hongjing stated: It is no longer used in modern prescriptions; common people do not harvest it, and locals in that region have forgotten it. The Jiangnan region offers Jingmao (Juncus effusus), also known as Xiangmao, for the ritual pouring of wine at ancestral temples. Some say this is Xuncao (Acorus tatarinowii), others say it is Yansai (Avena sativa); this Xiangpu is merely similar to them. The Commentary on the Tang Materia Medica states: This is Ganpu, used for making mats. In early spring, the white parts are harvested to make pickles or steamed food. In Shannan, this cattail is called Xiangpu, while Acorus calamus is called Choupu. The Jingmao cited by Tao Hongjing is actually Sanji Mao (Juncus trigonus). As for Yansai, Xuncao, and Xiangmao, they are well-known to the folk and do not belong to this category, so they cannot be equated. Puhuang (Cattail Pollen) is the flower pollen of this Xiangpu. Detailed descriptions are provided under the entry for Puhuang in the Illustrated Classic.
Jixuan (Dipsacus asper)
Bitter and pungent in taste, slightly warm in nature, non-toxic. Treats Shanghan (Cold Damage syndrome), tonifies deficiencies, treats Jinchuang (metal weapon injuries), abscess wounds, fractures and dislocations, reconnects sinews and bones, treats difficult lactation in women, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis (uterine bleeding), internal bleeding from metal weapon injuries, relieves pain, promotes muscle regeneration, treats traumatic blood stasis, lower back pain, and joint flaccidity or spasticity. Long-term consumption boosts Qi and strength. Also known as Longdou, also known as Zhuzhe, also known as Jiegu, also known as Nancao, also known as Huai. Grows in the valleys of Changshan. Harvested in July and August, dried in the shade. (Di Huang acts as an assistant; fears Leiwan.)
Tao Hongjing stated: According to the Tongjun Yaolu: Dipsacus grows spreading, with fine leaves and stems as thick as Ren (a type of plant); the root is yellowish-white and juicy. The roots are harvested in July and August. Currently, the stems and leaves are used; those that break into segments, have yellow wrinkled bark, and resemble chicken feet are called Sangshang Jisheng (Taxillus chinensis). These are likely not the true Dipsacus. There is also a tree called Jiegu tree, over one zhang tall, with leaves resembling Fushuo (Ipomoea batatas). Its bark treats metal weapon injuries and has the name Jiegu, suggesting it might be related. In Guangzhou, there is a vine named Jixuan, also known as Nuoteng; when its stem is broken, the exuded juice is collected and drunk to treat deficiency injuries and severe trauma; washing the head with it promotes hair growth. Branches inserted into the ground take root easily, suggesting it is merely similar. Li Yun identified it as Hujì (Cirsium japonicum), which differs greatly from Dipsacus, though Hujì also treats blood disorders. The Commentary on the Tang Materia Medica states: This herb is found in valleys everywhere. What is commonly used today has leaves resembling Zhumá (Boehmeria nivea) and square stems, with roots resembling Daji (Cirsium setosum), yellowish-white in color. Tao's annotation is incorrect. Ministers Yu Xi et al. respectfully note according to the Shuben Tujing: Leaves resemble Zhumá, stem is square, leaves grow opposite each other, flowers are red and white, roots resemble Daji, with five to six branches per plant. The Treatise on the Properties of Medicinals states: Dipsasa serves as the sovereign herb. It treats severe injuries, dispels various warm toxins, and unblocks and circulates the meridians. Ri Huazi stated: It assists Qi, harmonizes blood vessels, tonifies the Five Exhaustions and Seven Injuries, breaks up masses and blood stasis, reduces swelling and toxicity, treats Changfeng (blood in stool due to wind), hemorrhoids, mastitis, scrofula, traumatic injuries, and all diseases in women before and after childbirth, sallow complexion with edema, reduces urination, stops seminal emission, hematuria, threatened miscarriage, and uterine cold. Also known as Daji, Shan Niubang.
The Illustrated Classic states: Dipsacus grows in the valleys of Changshan. It is now also produced in Shaanxi, Hezhong, Xingyuan Prefecture, Shuzhou, Yuezhou, and Jinzhou. Seedlings emerge after March, the stalk is quadrangular, resembling Zhumá, and the leaves are similar, growing oppositely. Flowers bloom in April, red and white, resembling Motherwort flowers. Roots resemble Daji, reddish-yellow, harvested in July and August. Respectfully noting the Fang Wang Formula: Dipsacus is Ma Ji (Cirsium arvense), similar in leaf to Xiao Ji (Cirsium setosum) but larger. Leaves resemble Pangwengcai (Sonchus oleraceus) but smaller and thicker, with thorns on both sides that prick the skin; flowers are purple, resembling those produced in Yuezhou. However, market goods include several varieties, few of which can be distinguished by quality. Physicians use it, identifying the true product by its segmented appearance and yellow wrinkled bark.
Lei Gong stated: When using this herb, do not use Caomao root, as it resembles true Dipsacus; mistaken use causes softening of tendons. After harvesting, slice horizontally and chop, remove the hard inner fibers, soak in wine for one shichen (approx. 2 hours), then dry by baking. The Externally Prescribed Essential Formulas: To treat Lin syndrome (dysuria), take fresh Dipsacus, squeeze out the juice, and ingest it; this uses the root of Ma Ji. The Secret Record of Mother and Child: Treats postpartal chest oppression, restlessness and heat in hands and feet, gasping with impending suffocation, blood syncope, hardness in the heart region, alternating chills and fever, and unbearable aversion to cold. Take a handful of Dipsacus bark, chop it, decoct in three sheng of water until one sheng remains, divide into three doses, take warm. Re-administer after walking two to three li. No dietary restrictions apply. This herb can save critically ill postpartal patients.