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主诸疮，烧以酱汁和涂之，或取猪脂煎用，又主肠痈。
头灰 臣禹锡等谨按药对云∶头，温。主小儿头疮，口疮，重舌，目翳。一名鲋
（音父）鱼
臣禹锡等谨按蜀本云∶鲫鱼，味甘，温。止下痢，多食亦不宜人。又，注云∶形亦似鲤，
色黑而体促，肚大而脊隆，所在池泽皆有之。孟诜云∶鲫鱼，平胃气，调中，益五脏，和
作羹
食，良。又鲫鱼与 ，其状颇同，味则有殊。 是节化，鲫是稷米化之，其鱼腹上尚有米色
。宽大者是鲫，背高腹狭小者是 ，其功不及鲫。鱼子调中，益肝气尔。日华子云∶鲫鱼，
平，无毒。温中下气，补不足。作脍，疗肠 ，水谷不调及赤白痢。烧灰以敷恶疮良。又酿
白矾烧灰，治肠风血痢。头烧灰疗嗽。又云∶子不宜与猪肉同食。
图经曰∶鲫鱼，《本经》不载所出州土，今所在池泽皆有之。似鲤鱼，色黑而体促，肚
大而
脊隆。亦有大者至重二、三斤。性温，无毒。诸鱼中最可食。或云稷米所化，故其腹尚有米
色
。又有一种背高腹狭小者，名 鱼，功用亦与鲫同，但力差劣耳。又黔州有一种重唇石鲫鱼
，亦其类也。
陈藏器云∶头主咳嗽，烧为末服之。肉主虚羸，五味熟煮食之。脍亦主赤白痢及五野鸡
病。
食疗食之平胃气，调中，益五脏，和 作羹良。作脍食之，断暴下痢。和蒜食之，有少热；
和
姜、酱食之，有少冷。又，夏月热痢可食之，多益。冬月中则不治也。骨烧为灰，敷 疮上
，三、五度瘥。谨按其子调中，益肝气。凡鱼生子，皆粘在草上及土中。寒冬月水过后，
亦不腐坏。每到五月三伏时，雨中便化为鱼。食鲫鱼不得食沙糖，令人成疳虫。丹石热毒发
者
，取茭首和鲫鱼作羹，食一、两顿即瘥。圣惠方∶治小儿脑疳鼻痒，毛发作穗，面黄羸瘦
，益脑。用鲫鱼胆滴于鼻中，连三、五日甚效。外台秘要治患肠痔，大便常有血。食鲫鱼羹
及随
意任作饱食。《孙真人》同。千金方∶小儿头无发。烧鲫鱼末，酱汁和敷之。梅师方∶鲫鱼
不可合猪肝食。孙真人∶治牙齿疼。取鲫鱼纳盐花于肚中，烧作灰末，敷之即瘥。又方∶主
恶
核肿不散，取鲜鲫鱼杵敷之。又方∶主香港脚及上气。取鲫鱼一尺长者作脍，食一、两顿，瘥。
食
医心镜∶治脾胃气冷，不能下食，虚弱无力。鹘突羹∶鲫鱼半斤细切，起作脍，沸豉汁热投
之，着
胡椒、干姜、莳萝、桔皮等末，空心食之。集验方∶热病瘥后百日食五辛者，必目暗。鲫
鱼作 熏之。子母秘录∶治小儿面上忽生疮，黄水出。鲫鱼头烧末，和酱清汁敷，日易之。
又方
∶小儿丹。鲫鱼肉细切五合，小豆捣屑二合，和更，杵如泥，和水敷之。杨氏产乳∶疗妊娠
时行
伤寒。鲫鱼一头烧作灰，酒服方寸匕，汗出，瘥。《伤寒类要》同。又方∶中风寒热，腹
绞痛。以干鲫鱼一头烧作末，
三指撮，以苦酒服之，温复取汗，良。
衍义曰∶鲫鱼，开其腹，纳药烧之，治齿。
鲫鱼
主治各种疮疡，将其烧成灰后用酱汁调和涂抹，或者用猪脂煎煮后使用，又主治肠痈。
鱼头灰 臣禹锡等人谨按《药对》记载：鱼头性温。主治小儿头部疮疡、口疮、重舌（舌下肿起如双舌）、目翳（角膜云翳）。又名鲋（音同“父”）鱼。
臣禹锡等人谨按《蜀本草》记载：鲫鱼味甘，性温。能止住腹泻痢疾，但多吃也不利于人体健康。另外，注释说：外形也类似鲤鱼，颜色黑而身体短促，肚子大而脊背隆起，各地的池塘沼泽中都有生长。孟诜说：鲫鱼能平养胃气，调理中焦，补益五脏，做成羹汤食用很好。另外，[鳢]鱼与鲫鱼，形状颇为相似，味道却有不同。[鳢]鱼是由节虫变化而来，鲫鱼是由稷米变化而来，这种鱼的腹部上还有米粒般的色泽。宽大的是鲫鱼，背部高腹部狭小的是[鳢]鱼，其功效不如鲫鱼。鱼子能调理中焦，补益肝气罢了。日华子说：鲫鱼性平，无毒。能温中降气，补益不足。做成生鱼片食用，能治疗肠道疾病、水谷不调以及赤白痢疾。烧成灰用来敷治恶疮效果良好。另外，将白矾酿入鱼腹中烧成灰，能治疗肠风血痢。鱼头烧成灰能治疗咳嗽。又说：鱼子不宜与猪肉同食。
《图经本草》说：鲫鱼，《神农本草经》未记载其出产的州土，如今各地的池塘沼泽中都有生长。像鲤鱼，颜色黑而身体短促，肚子大而脊背隆起。也有大的达到重二、三斤。性温，无毒。在所有鱼类中最可食用。有人说它是稷米所化，所以它的腹部还有米色。又有一种背部高腹部狭小的，名叫[鳢]鱼，功用也与鲫鱼相同，只是效力稍差劣一些。另外黔州有一种重唇石鲫鱼，也是这一类。
陈藏器说：鱼头主治咳嗽，烧成末服用。鱼肉主治虚损羸瘦，用五味调料煮熟食用。生鱼片也能主治赤白痢疾及五种野鸡病（指五色痢或五种类型的痢疾）。
食疗方面：食用它能平养胃气，调理中焦，补益五脏，和[葱等]一起做成羹汤很好。做成生鱼片食用，能断绝暴发性痢疾。和蒜一起食用，有少许热性；和姜、酱一起食用，有少许冷性。另外，夏季的热痢可以食用它，多多有益。冬季的中寒则不能治疗。鱼骨烧成灰，敷在[恶]疮上，三到五次即可痊愈。谨按其子（鱼子）能调理中焦，补益肝气。凡是鱼生的卵，都粘附在草上和土中。寒冬月水退去后，也不会腐坏。每到五月三伏时，雨中便化为鱼。吃鲫鱼时不能吃沙糖，否则会使人形成疳虫。丹石热毒发作的人，取茭白首部和鲫鱼一起做成羹汤，吃一两顿即可痊愈。《圣惠方》：治疗小儿脑疳鼻痒，毛发结成穗状，面色黄且身体消瘦，能补益脑部。用鲫鱼胆滴入鼻中，连续三、五天非常有效。《外台秘要》治疗患肠痔，大便经常出血。吃鲫鱼羹以及随意吃饱即可。《孙真人》观点相同。《千金方》：小儿头上不长头发。烧鲫鱼为末，用酱汁调和敷之。梅师方：鲫鱼不可合猪肝一起吃。孙真人：治疗牙齿疼痛。取鲫鱼放入盐花于肚中，烧成灰末，敷之即愈。又一方：主治恶核肿不散，取鲜鲫鱼捣烂敷之。又一方：主治香港脚（脚气病）及上气（气喘）。取一尺长的鲫鱼做成生鱼片，吃一两顿，即可痊愈。
《食医心镜》：治疗脾胃气冷，不能进食，虚弱无力。鹘突羹：鲫鱼半斤细切，做成生鱼片，用沸豉汁热冲，加入胡椒、干姜、莳萝、桔皮等粉末，空腹食用。《集验方》：热病痊愈后一百天内食用五辛（辛辣刺激性食物）的人，必定眼睛昏暗。用鲫鱼熏之。《子母秘录》：治疗小儿面上忽然生疮，流出黄水。鲫鱼头烧成末，和酱清汁敷之，每天更换。又一方：治疗小儿丹毒。鲫鱼肉细切五合，小豆捣成屑二合，混合再捣如泥，加水敷之。《杨氏产乳》：治疗妊娠期间时行伤寒。鲫鱼一头烧成灰，用酒送服方寸匕，出汗，即愈。《伤寒类要》观点相同。又一方：治疗中风寒热，腹部绞痛。用干鲫鱼一头烧成末，三指撮的量，用醋送服，温覆取汗，效果良好。
《衍义》说：鲫鱼，剖开其腹部，纳入药物烧制，治疗牙齿疾病。
Crucian Carp (Jiyu)
Mainly treats various sores. It can be burned to ash, mixed with sauce, and applied topically, or fried in lard of pig for use. It also treats intestinal abscess (Changyong).
Ash of the head: Chen Yuxi et al., according to *Yao Dui*, state that the head is warm in nature. It treats sores on the infant's head, mouth ulcers, double tongue (Chongshe), and corneal opacity (Muyi). Also known as Fu fish (Fu, pronounced 'fu').
Chen Yuxi et al., according to *Shu Ben Cao*, state that crucian carp tastes sweet and is warm in nature. It stops dysentery, but excessive consumption is not beneficial to the human body. Furthermore, the annotation notes: its shape resembles the common carp, it is black in color with a short body, large belly, and prominent dorsal ridge. It is found in ponds and marshes everywhere. Meng Shen states: crucian carp soothes stomach qi, regulates the middle jiao, benefits the five zang organs, and is excellent when made into soup. Additionally, the snakehead fish (Li) and crucian carp are quite similar in appearance but differ in taste. The snakehead fish transforms from insect segments, while the crucian carp transforms from broomcorn millet; the belly of this fish still retains a rice-like color. Those that are broad are crucian carp, while those with high backs and narrow bellies are snakehead fish; their efficacy is inferior to that of the crucian carp. Fish roe regulates the middle jiao and benefits liver qi. Ri Hua Zi states: crucian carp is neutral in nature and non-toxic. It warms the middle and directs rebellious qi downward, tonifying deficiencies. Prepared as sashimi, it treats intestinal disorders, indigestion of food and fluids, and bloody or white dysentery. Burned to ash and applied, it is effective for malignant sores. Additionally, when alum is stuffed inside the fish and burned to ash, it treats wind-intestinal bloody dysentery. The head burned to ash treats cough. It is also stated that fish roe should not be eaten with pork.
*Tu Jing Ben Cao* states: Crucian carp is not listed in *Ben Cao Jing* regarding its place of origin. Currently, it is found in ponds and marshes everywhere. It resembles the common carp, is black in color with a short body, large belly, and prominent dorsal ridge. Some can weigh up to two or three jin. It is warm in nature and non-toxic. Among all fish, it is the most edible. Some say it is transformed from broomcorn millet, hence its belly retains a rice-like color. There is another type with a high back and narrow belly, named Li fish. Its functions are the same as crucian carp, but its potency is slightly inferior. Additionally, in Qianzhou, there is a species called heavy-lipped stone crucian carp, which belongs to the same category.
Chen Cangqi states: The head treats cough; burn to powder and ingest. The meat treats emaciation due to deficiency; cook thoroughly with five flavors and eat. Sashimi also treats bloody or white dysentery and the "five wild chicken diseases" (referring to types of dysentery).
Dietary therapy: Eating it soothes stomach qi, regulates the middle jiao, and benefits the five zang organs; making soup with [scallions] is good. Eating it as sashimi stops acute dysentery. Eating with garlic adds slight heat; eating with ginger and sauce adds slight cold. Additionally, it can be eaten during summer for hot dysentery, with greater benefit if consumed more. It does not treat winter cold dysentery. Bones burned to ash applied to [malignant] sores heal after three to five applications. According to notes, its roe regulates the middle jiao and benefits liver qi. All fish eggs adhere to grass and soil. After the water recedes in deep winter, they do not rot. Every year during the third decade of May (Sanfu period), they transform into fish in the rain. When eating crucian carp, one must not consume rock sugar, as it causes children's malnutrition syndrome (Ganchong). For those suffering from toxicity caused by mineral drugs (Danshi), taking the head of Jiaobai (Zizania latifolia rhizome) and crucian carp to make soup, consuming one or two meals, will cure the condition. *Shenghui Fang*: Treats infant brain Ganchong with nasal itching, hair forming tufts, yellow and emaciated complexion, benefiting the brain. Instill gallbladder bile from crucian carp into the nose; continuous application for three to five days is very effective. *Waitai Miyao*: Treats intestinal hemorrhoids with frequent blood in stool. Eat crucian carp soup and fill oneself as desired. *Sun Taizhen* agrees. *Qianjin Fang*: Infant alopecia on the head. Burn crucian carp to powder, mix with sauce, and apply. Mei Shi Fang: Crucian carp should not be eaten with pork liver. Sun Taizhen: Treats toothache. Place salt flowers inside the crucian carp, burn to ash, powder it, and apply; it heals immediately. Another prescription: Treats stubborn swelling of malignant nodules. Take fresh crucian carp, pound it, and apply. Another prescription: Treats Hongxiangjiao (podagra/gout) and Shangqi (asthma/wheezing). Take a one-chi long crucian carp, prepare as sashimi, eat one or two meals, and it heals.
*Shiyi Xinjing*: Treats cold qi in spleen and stomach, inability to eat, weakness, and lack of strength. Hutu Soup: Cut half a jin of crucian carp finely, prepare as sashimi, pour hot soybean paste juice over it, add powders of pepper, dried ginger, dill, and tangerine peel, and eat on an empty stomach. *Jiyan Fang*: Those who consume the five pungents (spicy foods) within one hundred days after recovering from febrile disease will inevitably suffer from dim vision. Smoke with crucian carp. *Zimu Milu*: Treats sudden sores on the face of infants with yellow fluid discharge. Burn crucian carp head to powder, mix with sauce juice, and apply; change daily. Another prescription: Treats infant erysipelas (Dan). Finely chop five he of crucian carp meat, grind two he of adzuki beans into powder, mix and pound into mud, add water, and apply. *Yangshi Chanru*: Treats epidemic cold-heat damage during pregnancy. Burn one crucian carp to ash, take with wine using a cunfang measure; sweating occurs, and it heals. *Shanghan Leiyao* agrees. Another prescription: Treats wind-stroke with cold-heat alternating symptoms and abdominal colic. Burn one dry crucian carp to powder, take three finger-pinches amount with vinegar, cover warmly to induce sweating; this is excellent.
*Yanyi* states: Crucian carp, open its abdomen, insert medicine, burn it, and treat dental diseases.