肺感于寒，微者即成咳嗽，久咳嗽，是连滞岁月，经久不瘥者也。凡五脏俱有咳嗽，不
已，则各传其腑。诸久嗽不已，三焦受之，其状，咳而腹满，不欲食饮。寒气聚于胃而关于
肺，使人多涕唾而变面浮肿，气逆故也。
肺主气，候皮毛。气虚为微寒客皮毛，入伤于肺，则不足，成咳嗽。夫气得温则宣和，
得寒则痞涩、虚则气不足，而为寒所迫，并聚上肺间，不得宣发，故令咳而短气也。
夫咳嗽上气者，肺气有余也。肺感于寒，微者则成咳嗽。肺主气，气有余则喘咳上气。
此为邪搏于气，气壅不得宣发，是为有余，故咳嗽而上气也。其状，喘咳上气，多涕唾，而
面目 肿，气逆也。
久咳嗽上气者，是肺气虚极，气邪停滞，故其病积月累年。久不瘥，则胸背痛，面肿，
其则唾脓血。
咳嗽脓血者，损肺损心故也。肺主气，心主血，肺感于寒，微者则成咳嗽。嗽伤于阳脉
，则有血。血与气相随而行。咳嗽极甚，伤血动气，俱乘于肺，肺与津液相搏，蕴结成脓，
故咳嗽而脓血也。
肺感于寒，微者则成咳嗽。咳嗽极甚，伤于经络，血液蕴结，故有脓血。气血俱伤，故
连滞积久，其血黯瘀，与脓相杂而出。
呷嗽者，犹是咳嗽也。其胸膈痰饮多者，嗽则气动于痰，上搏喉咽之间，痰气相击，随
嗽动息，呼呷有声，谓之呷嗽。其与咳嗽大体虽同，至于投药，则应加消痰破饮之物，以此
肺受到寒邪侵袭，轻微的就形成咳嗽；久咳不愈，是指病程迁延数月甚至数年，经久不能痊愈的疾病。凡是五脏都有咳嗽，如果咳嗽不止，就会各自传变到其相表里的腑。各种久咳不愈的病证，会波及三焦，其症状表现为咳嗽且腹部胀满，不想饮食。寒气聚集在胃并影响到肺，使人多流鼻涕、多吐唾液，并且面部浮肿，这是因为气机上逆的缘故。
肺主一身之气，外候于皮毛。气虚时，微弱的寒邪客居皮毛，进而内伤于肺，导致肺气不足，从而形成咳嗽。人的气得到温暖则宣通调和，得到寒冷则痞塞涩滞；气虚则气力不足，被寒邪所逼迫，汇聚于上焦肺部之间，不能宣发疏散，所以导致咳嗽和呼吸短促。
所谓咳嗽伴气逆上冲（喘咳上气），是肺气有余的表现。肺感受寒邪，轻微的便形成咳嗽。肺主气，气有余则出现喘息、咳嗽和气逆上冲的症状。这是邪气与正气搏结于气分，气机壅盛而不能宣发，属于实证有余，所以出现咳嗽和气逆上冲。其症状表现为喘息、咳嗽、气逆上冲，多涕唾，面目浮肿，这是气机上逆所致。
久咳且伴有气逆上冲的，是肺气极度虚弱，气机邪滞停留，所以疾病累积数月乃至经年，久久不能痊愈。病情严重时，会出现胸背疼痛、面部浮肿，随后吐出脓血。
咳嗽出脓血的，是因为损伤了肺和心。肺主气，心主血，肺感受寒邪，轻微的便形成咳嗽。咳嗽伤及阳脉，就会有出血。血与气相随而行。咳嗽极其剧烈，伤血动气，气血一同上乘于肺，肺中的津液与气血相互搏结，蕴积化热结成脓，所以出现咳嗽并吐出脓血。
肺感受寒邪，轻微的便形成咳嗽。咳嗽极其剧烈，伤及经络，血液蕴结阻滞，所以会有脓血。气血都受到损伤，所以病程迁延日久，血色黯黑瘀滞，与脓液混杂而出。
呷嗽（发出“呷呷”声音的咳嗽），仍然是咳嗽的一种。那些胸膈间痰饮较多的患者，咳嗽时气动于痰，向上冲击喉咽之间，痰气相互搏击，随着咳嗽的动作和气息，发出“呼呷”的声音，称为呷嗽。它的大致情况与咳嗽相同，但在用药治疗时，应当加入消除痰饮、破除水饮的药物，因此……
The Lung is affected by Cold pathogen; if mild, it results in cough (Ke Sou). Chronic cough refers to a condition lingering for months or years that fails to heal. Cough can originate from any of the Five Zang organs; if unrelenting, it transmits to their respective Fu organs. In cases of chronic cough persisting without resolution, the Sanjiao (Triple Burner) is involved. The presentation includes cough with abdominal fullness and anorexia. Cold Qi aggregates in the Stomach and affects the Lung, causing excessive nasal discharge and saliva, and facial edema, due to rebellious Qi.
The Lung governs Qi and manifests on the skin and hair. When Qi is deficient, slight Cold pathogens lodge in the skin and hair, entering and injuring the Lung, leading to insufficiency and resulting in cough. Qi becomes smooth and harmonious when warmed, but becomes obstructed and stagnant when exposed to Cold. Deficiency of Qi leads to insufficiency, which is forced by Cold to gather in the upper Lung region, unable to diffuse and disperse, thus causing cough and shortness of breath.
Cough accompanied by rebellious Qi (Shuan Ke Shang Qi) indicates excess in the Lung Qi. When the Lung is affected by Cold, mild cases result in cough. Since the Lung governs Qi, excess Qi leads to panting, cough, and rebellious Qi. This occurs when pathogenic factors contend with Qi, causing Qi stagnation and inability to diffuse, constituting an excess state, hence cough with rebellious Qi. Symptoms include panting, cough, rebellious Qi, excessive nasal discharge and saliva, and facial edema, all due to rebellious Qi.
Chronic cough with rebellious Qi stems from extreme deficiency of Lung Qi and stagnation of pathogenic Qi, causing the disease to accumulate over months and years. If unresolved, it may lead to chest and back pain, facial edema, and expectoration of pus and blood.
Expectoration of pus and blood in cough results from injury to the Lung and Heart. The Lung governs Qi, and the Heart governs Blood. When the Lung is affected by Cold, mild cases result in cough. Injury to Yang vessels causes bleeding. Blood and Qi travel together. Severe cough injures Blood and disturbs Qi; both ascend to the Lung. Lung fluids contend with Qi and Blood, accumulating and transforming into pus, resulting in cough with pus and blood.
When the Lung is affected by Cold, mild cases result in cough. Severe cough injures the meridians and collaterals, causing blood to accumulate and stagnate, leading to pus and blood. Since both Qi and Blood are injured, the condition lingers for a long time. The blood becomes dark and stasis-prone, mixing with pus upon expectoration.
Xia Sou (cough producing "ha-ha" sounds) is a type of cough. In patients with abundant phlegm-fluid retention in the chest and diaphragm, coughing moves the Qi within the phlegm, striking upward against the throat and pharynx. Phlegm and Qi clash, and with each cough and breath, a "ha-ha" sound is produced, termed Xia Sou. While its general nature is similar to ordinary cough, treatment requires adding herbs that resolve phlegm and break fluid retention; therefore...