凡蝮中人,不治,一日死。若不早治之,纵不死者,多残断人手足。
蝮蛇形不乃长,头褊口尖,颈斑,身亦艾斑,色青黑,人犯之,颈腹帖着地者是也。江
东诸山甚多,其毒最烈,草行不可不慎。
又有一种,状如蝮而短,有四脚,能跳来啮人,名曰千岁蝮,中人必死。然其啮人竟,
即跳上树,作声云斫木者,但营棺具,不可救;若云捣菽者,犹可治。吴音呼药为菽故也。
虺形短而褊,身亦青黑色。山草自不甚多,每六、七月中,夕时出路上,喜入车轹中,
令车轹腹破而子出。人侵晨及冒昏行者,每倾意看之。其螫人亦往往有死者。
青 蛇者,正绿色,喜缘树及竹上,自挂与竹树色一种,人看不觉,若入林中行,有落
人项背上者,然自不伤啮,啮人必死。而蛇无正形,极大者不过四五尺,世人皆呼为青条
蛇,言其与枝条同色。乍看难觉,其尾二三寸,色黑者,名 尾,毒最猛烈,中人立
此是诸毒蛇夏日毒盛不泄,皆啮草木,及吐毒着草木上,人误犯着此者,其毒如被蛇螫
不殊。但疮肿上有物如虫蛇眼状,以此别之,名为 毒。
蜂类甚多,而方家不具显其名。唯地中大土蜂最有毒,一螫中人,便即倒闷,举体洪肿
。诸药治之,皆不能卒止。旧方都无其法。虽然,不肯杀人。有禁术封唾,亦微效。又有瓠
HT蜂,抑亦其次。余者犹瘥。
凡是蝮蛇咬伤人的,如果不及时治疗,一天内就会死亡。如果不尽早治疗,即使不死的人,也大多会残废,导致手足截断。
蝮蛇的体型并不长,头部扁平,口部尖细,颈部有斑纹,身体也有艾草般的斑纹,颜色青黑。人如果触犯它,那种颈部和腹部紧贴地面的就是蝮蛇。江东地区的山中非常多见,其毒性最为猛烈,在草丛中行走时不可不谨慎。
又有一种蛇,形状像蝮蛇但较短小,有四只脚,能跳跃着咬人,名叫千岁蝮,人被咬后必定死亡。然而它咬完人之后,立刻跳上树,发出声音说“斫木”(砍木头),这意味着只需准备棺木,无法救治;如果说的是“捣菽”(捣豆子),则还可以治疗。这是因为吴地方言中将药称为“菽”。
虺蛇的形体短而扁平,身体也是青黑色。山中的草丛里它们不算特别多,通常在六、七月间,傍晚时分出现在路上,喜欢进入车辙中,致使车轮压破它的腹部,幼蛇由此爬出。人在清晨或黄昏赶路时,务必仔细查看路面。它咬伤人往往也有致死的情况。
青蛇是纯正的绿色,喜欢攀附在树木和竹子上,自身悬挂并与竹树的色泽融为一体,人们看不出来。如果在林中行走,有时会有落在人脖颈背上的,但它本身不伤害人不咬人,若咬人则必死。这种蛇没有固定的标准形态,最大的不过四五尺长,世人都叫它青条蛇,意思是它与枝条同色。乍看难以察觉,如果尾巴二三寸长且颜色发黑的,名叫[缺字]尾,毒性最猛烈,人被咬后立即[死亡/中毒]。
这是各种毒蛇在夏季毒气旺盛时未能宣泄,都去咬啮草木,并将毒液吐在草木上,人误触碰到这些草木,其毒性如同被蛇咬伤一样。只是疮肿上会出现像虫蛇眼睛形状的物体,以此加以辨别,这种毒被称为[缺字]毒。
蜂的种类很多,但医方中没有详尽列出它们的名称。只有地下的土蜂毒性最大,一蜇中人,便立即昏倒,全身浮肿。各种药物治疗,都不能立刻止住症状。旧有的医方都没有治疗它的方法。虽然如此,它也不至于杀人。如果有禁咒术配合封贴唾液,也有一点效果。又有瓠HT蜂,毒性稍次一些。其他的蜂类毒性更轻。
Whenever a person is bitten by a viper (Fushé, 蝮蛇) and left untreated, death occurs within one day. If not treated early, even those who survive often suffer mutilation, resulting in the amputation of hands or feet.
The viper is not very long in body shape; its head is flat, mouth sharp, with neck markings and body patterns resembling mugwort, colored blue-black. The one that presses its neck and belly to the ground when encountered by humans is the viper. They are abundant in the mountains of Jiangdong, possessing the most potent venom; caution is essential when walking through grass.
There is another type, similar to the viper but shorter, with four legs, capable of jumping to bite humans, named "Thousand-Year Viper" (Qiānsuì Fù, 千岁蝮). A bite from this snake is invariably fatal. However, after biting, it jumps onto a tree and makes a sound. If it sounds like "chopping wood" (Zhuómù, 斫木), only coffin preparations are needed as it is incurable; if it sounds like "pounding beans" (Dǎoshū, 捣菽), it may still be treatable. This is because in the Wu dialect, medicine is called "shū".
The hui snake (Huǐ, 虺) has a short and flat body, also colored blue-black. It is not very common in mountain grasses, usually appearing on roads in the evenings during June and July. It likes to enter wheel ruts, where wheels crush its abdomen, allowing offspring to emerge. Travelers at dawn or dusk must look carefully. Its bites can also be fatal.
The green snake (Qīngshé, 青蛇) is pure green, preferring to climb trees and bamboo, blending in with their color, making it hard to see. In forests, it may fall on a person's neck or back, but it does not bite or harm unless provoked; if it bites, death ensues. There is no fixed standard form for this snake; the largest are only four or five chi long. People call it "Green Strip Snake" (Qīngtiáo Shé, 青条蛇) because it resembles branches. Difficult to notice at first glance, if the tail is two or three cun long and black, it is named [Missing Character] Tail, possessing the most fierce venom; a bite causes immediate [death/poisoning].
This refers to various venomous snakes whose summer toxins are not dissipated; they bite plants and spit venom onto them. Humans accidentally touching these plants suffer toxicity equivalent to a snakebite. The wound swells and exhibits lesions resembling insect or snake eyes, distinguishing this condition as [Missing Character] Poison.
There are many types of bees, but medical texts do not explicitly name all of them. The underground earth bee (Tǔfēng, 土蜂) is the most toxic; a single sting causes immediate fainting and generalized edema. Conventional medicines cannot stop the symptoms quickly. Old formulas lack methods for treating this. Although it rarely kills, applying incantations and sealing with saliva offers slight efficacy. The Hu HT bee is less toxic. Others are even milder.