伤寒者，是寒气客于皮肤，搏于血气，使腠理闭密，气不宣泄，蕴积生热，故头痛、体
疼、壮热也。而汗出者，阳虚受邪，邪搏于气，故发热；阴气又虚，邪又乘于阴，阴阳俱虚
，不能制其津液，所以伤寒而汗出也。
伤寒，是寒气客于皮肤，搏于血气，腠理闭密，气不宣泄，蕴积生热，使头痛、体疼而
壮热也。其余热往来者，是邪气与正气交争。正气胜，则邪气却散，故寒热俱歇；若邪气未
尽者，时干于正气，正气为邪气所干，则壅痞还热，故余热往来不已也。
伤寒，是寒气客于皮肤，搏于血气，使腠理闭密，不得宣泄，蕴积生热，故头痛、体
疼而壮热也。若四五日后，热归入里，则宜下之。得利后，热犹不除者，余热未尽故。其
状∶肉常温温而热也。
伤寒，是寒气客于皮肤，搏于血气，腠理闭密，气不宣泄，蕴积生热，故头痛、体疼而
壮热。其呕者，是胃气虚，热乘虚入胃，胃得热则气逆，故呕也。
伤寒，是寒气客于皮肤，搏于血气，腠理闭密，气不宣泄，蕴积生热，故头痛、体疼而
壮热。其渴者，是热入脏，脏得热则津液竭燥，故令渴也。
伤寒，是寒气客于皮肤，搏于血气，腠理闭密，气不宣泄，蕴积生热，故头痛、体疼而
壮热。其口生疮，热毒瓦斯在脏，上冲胸膈，气发于口，故生疮也。
伤寒，是寒邪侵袭皮肤，与血气相搏结，导致腠理（皮肤纹理及汗孔）闭塞致密，卫气不能宣发宣泄，郁积而化生内热，因此出现头痛、身体疼痛、高热等症状。
至于出汗的情况，是因为阳气虚弱而感受外邪，邪气与正气相搏结于气分，所以发热；同时阴气也虚弱，邪气又乘虚侵入阴分，致使阴阳两虚，无法固摄津液，所以患伤寒时会出现出汗的症状。
伤寒，是寒邪侵袭皮肤，与血气相搏结，腠理闭塞致密，卫气不能宣发宣泄，郁积而化生内热，从而引起头痛、身体疼痛和高热。其余热往来（忽冷忽热）的现象，是由于邪气与人体正气相互交争所致。当正气战胜邪气时，邪气便消散，所以恶寒和发热都会停止；如果邪气尚未清除干净，偶尔干扰正气，正气被邪气所扰，则气机壅滞痞闷并再次发热，所以余热往来不停止。
伤寒，是寒邪侵袭皮肤，与血气相搏结，导致腠理闭塞致密，卫气不得宣发宣泄，郁积而化生内热，因此出现头痛、身体疼痛和高热。如果在发病四五日后，热邪传入体内（入里），则应当采用泻下法治疗。如果经过泻下治疗后，热势仍然不消退，这是因为余热尚未清除干净。其症状表现为：肌肉摸上去温热而发热。
伤寒，是寒邪侵袭皮肤，与血气相搏结，腠理闭塞致密，卫气不能宣发宣泄，郁积而化生内热，因此出现头痛、身体疼痛和高热。如果出现呕吐，是因为胃气虚弱，热邪乘虚侵入胃中，胃受热则气机上逆，所以发生呕吐。
伤寒，是寒邪侵袭皮肤，与血气相搏结，腠理闭塞致密，卫气不能宣发宣泄，郁积而化生内热，因此出现头痛、身体疼痛和高热。如果出现口渴，是因为热邪深入脏腑，脏腑受热则津液枯竭干燥，所以导致口渴。
伤寒，是寒邪侵袭皮肤，与血气相搏结，腠理闭塞致密，卫气不能宣发宣泄，郁积而化生内热，因此出现头痛、身体疼痛和高热。如果口腔内生疮，是因为热毒之气蕴结在脏腑，向上冲犯胸膈，热气发散于口部，所以产生疮疡。
Shanghan (Cold Damage), refers to cold pathogenic factors invading the skin, struggling with blood and qi, causing the Couli (skin pores and interstices) to become closed and dense. The Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) cannot be disseminated and vented, leading to accumulation and transformation into heat. Consequently, headache, body pain, and high fever occur.
Regarding sweating: this occurs due to deficiency of Yang Qi making one susceptible to pathogens. The pathogen struggles with Qi in the Qi level, resulting in fever; simultaneously, Yin Qi is also deficient, allowing the pathogen to invade the Yin level. With both Yin and Yang deficient, they fail to control and secure the Body Fluids (Jin Ye). Thus, sweating occurs during Shanghan.
Shanghan involves cold pathogenic factors invading the skin, struggling with blood and qi, causing the Couli to become closed and dense. The Qi cannot be vented, accumulating to generate heat, leading to headache, body pain, and high fever. The symptom of alternating chills and fever (Re Wang Lai Wang) arises from the struggle between the pathogenic factor and the Righteous Qi (Zheng Qi). When Righteous Qi prevails, the pathogen disperses, and both chills and fever cease. If the pathogen is not fully eliminated, it occasionally interferes with the Righteous Qi. When the Righteous Qi is disturbed by the pathogen, Qi stagnation and fullness occur, accompanied by recurrent fever. Hence, residual heat alternates continuously.
Shanghan involves cold pathogenic factors invading the skin, struggling with blood and qi, causing the Couli to become closed and dense. The Qi cannot be vented, accumulating to generate heat, leading to headache, body pain, and high fever. If, after four or five days, the heat enters the interior (Li), purgative therapy should be employed. If heat persists after bowel movements are induced, it is because residual heat has not been cleared. The presentation is characterized by muscles feeling warm with persistent low-grade heat.
Shanghan involves cold pathogenic factors invading the skin, struggling with blood and qi, causing the Couli to become closed and dense. The Qi cannot be vented, accumulating to generate heat, leading to headache, body pain, and high fever. Vomiting occurs because Stomach Qi is deficient, allowing heat to enter the Stomach vacuously. Heat in the Stomach causes Qi to rebel upward, resulting in vomiting.
Shanghan involves cold pathogenic factors invading the skin, struggling with blood and qi, causing the Couli to become closed and dense. The Qi cannot be vented, accumulating to generate heat, leading to headache, body pain, and high fever. Thirst occurs because heat enters the Zang Organs. Heat in the Zang Organs depletes and dries up the Body Fluids, causing thirst.
Shanghan involves cold pathogenic factors invading the skin, struggling with blood and qi, causing the Couli to become closed and dense. The Qi cannot be vented, accumulating to generate heat, leading to headache, body pain, and high fever. Sores in the mouth arise because toxic heat accumulates in the Zang Organs, rushing upward to the chest and diaphragm. The Qi emanates from the mouth, thus generating sores.