燥水，谓水气溢于皮肤，因令肿满，以指画肉上，则隐隐成文本者，名曰燥水也。
湿水者，谓水气溢于皮肤，因令肿满，以指画肉上，随画随散，不成文本者，名曰湿水
犯土之病，由居住之处，穿凿地土，犯之土气而致病也。令人身之肌肉、头面、遍体尽
肿满，气急，故谓之犯土也。
不伏水土者，言人越在他境，乍离封邑，气候既殊，水土亦别，因而生病，故云不伏水
土。病之状，身体虚肿，或下痢而不能食，烦满气上是也。
夫水之病，皆生于腑脏。方家所出，立名不同，亦有二十四水，或十八水，或十二水，
或五水，不的显名证。寻其病根，皆由荣卫不调，经脉痞涩，脾胃虚弱，使水气流溢，盈散
皮肤，故令遍体肿满，喘息上气，目果浮肿，颈脉急动，不得眠卧，股间冷，小便不通，是
其候也。
水症者，由经络痞涩，水气停聚，在于腹内，大小肠不利所为也。其病腹内有结
块坚强，在两胁间，膨膨胀满，遍身肿，所以谓之水症。
水瘕者，由经络痞涩，水气停聚，在于心下，肾经又虚，不能宣利溲便，致令水气结聚
，而成形 ，在于心腹之间，抑按作水声，但欲饮而不用食，遍身虚肿是也。
此由水毒瓦斯结聚于内，令腹渐大，动摇有声，常欲饮水，皮肤粗黑，如似肿状，名水蛊
水癖，由饮水浆不消，水气结聚而成癖，在于两胁之侧，转动便痛，不耐风寒，不欲食
而短气是也。癖者，谓僻侧在于胁间，故受名也。
燥水，是指水气溢于皮肤，因而导致身体肿胀满闷，用手指在皮肤上划动，痕迹隐约形成纹理的，称为燥水。
湿水，是指水气溢于皮肤，因而导致身体肿胀满闷，用手指在皮肤上划动，痕迹随即消散，不能形成纹理的，称为湿水。
犯土之病，是由于居住的地方，挖掘开凿土地，触犯了地气而引发的疾病。使人全身肌肉、头面及遍体都出现肿胀满闷，气息急促，所以称为犯土。
不伏水土，是指人处于异地他乡，刚刚离开故乡，气候既然不同，水土也相异，因此生病，所以称为不伏水土。其病症表现是身体虚肿，或者下痢且无法进食，烦闷气逆等。
大凡水的病变，都产生于脏腑。医家所制定的名称各不相同，有的称为二十四水，或十八水，或十二水，或五水，没有明确显现具体的名称和证候。推究其病根，都是由于营卫不调，经脉痞塞涩滞，脾胃虚弱，致使水气流溢，充盈散漫于皮肤，从而导致遍体肿胀满闷，喘息气逆，眼睑浮肿，颈部脉动急迫，不能安睡，大腿内侧发冷，小便不通利，这些都是其征候。
水症，是由于经络痞塞涩滞，水气停聚，位于腹内，大小肠功能不利所致。其病症表现为腹内有结块坚硬，位于两胁之间，腹部膨隆胀满，遍身浮肿，所以称为水症。
水瘕，是由于经络痞塞涩滞，水气停聚，位于心下（胃脘部），肾经又虚弱，不能通利小便，致使水气结聚，形成有形之物，位于心腹之间，按压时发出水声，只想饮水而不愿进食，遍身虚肿，这就是水瘕。
这是由于水毒之气结聚于体内，使腹部逐渐增大，摇动时有声响，常想饮水，皮肤粗糙色黑，好像肿胀的样子，称为水蛊。
水癖，是由于饮水浆液不能消化，水气结聚而成癖，位于两胁之侧，转动身体时便疼痛，不耐受风寒，不想进食且气短，这就是水癖。“癖”这个名称，是因为病邪偏居一侧位于胁间，所以得名。
Zao Shui (Dry Water), refers to water qi overflowing into the skin, thereby causing swelling and fullness. When pressed with a finger, faint lines remain on the flesh, it is named Zao Shui.
Shi Shui (Wet Water), refers to water qi overflowing into the skin, thereby causing swelling and fullness. When pressed with a finger, the marks dissipate immediately without forming distinct lines, it is named Shi Shui.
Fan Tu Bing (Disease of Offending Earth Qi) arises from residing in places where the earth has been excavated or dug up, offending the earth qi and thus causing illness. It causes swelling and fullness in the muscles, head, face, and entire body, accompanied by shortness of breath; hence it is called Fan Tu.
Bu Fu Shui Tu (Inadaptation to Local Water and Soil) describes a person traveling to a foreign land, suddenly leaving their hometown. Since the climate differs and the water and soil are distinct, illness ensues, hence termed Bu Fu Shui Tu. The manifestations include bodily edema (swelling), or dysentery with inability to eat, irritability, fullness, and rebellious qi.
Generally, water diseases originate in the fu-zang organs. Physicians have established various names, such as Twenty-Four Waters, Eighteen Waters, Twelve Waters, or Five Waters, without clearly distinguishing specific names and syndromes. Tracing the root cause, all result from disharmony of Ying and Wei (Nutritive and Defensive Qi), obstruction and stagnation of the meridians, and weakness of the Spleen and Stomach. This allows water qi to overflow, filling and spreading through the skin, leading to generalized swelling and fullness, panting and rebellious qi, swollen eyes, rapid pulsation of the neck vessels, insomnia, coldness in the thighs, and difficulty in urination; these are its signs.
Shui Zheng (Water Syndrome) results from meridian obstruction and stagnation, causing water qi to accumulate within the abdomen due to dysfunction of the Large and Small Intestines. Its symptoms include hard, knotted masses within the abdomen located between the hypochondria, abdominal distension and fullness, and generalized body swelling; hence it is called Shui Zheng.
Shui Jia (Water Mass) results from meridian obstruction and stagnation, causing water qi to accumulate below the heart (epigastrium). With concurrent deficiency of the Kidney Meridian, which fails to promote diuresis, water qi condenses and forms a tangible mass between the heart and abdomen. Pressing it produces a splashing sound; the patient desires to drink but refuses food, accompanied by generalized flaccid edema.
This condition arises from the accumulation of water toxicity and qi internally, causing gradual abdominal enlargement with audible sounds upon movement. The patient constantly desires to drink, the skin becomes rough and dark, resembling swelling; this is named Shu Gu (Water Gu).
Shui Pi (Water Pi) occurs when ingested fluids fail to digest, and water qi condenses to form Pi (masses), located at the sides of the hypochondria. Pain occurs upon turning or moving, intolerance to wind and cold, anorexia, and shortness of breath characterize this condition. "Pi" derives its name because the pathogen resides obliquely or eccentrically within the hypochondriac region.