身面卒洪肿者，亦水病之候，肾脾虚弱所为。肾主水，肾虚故水妄行；脾主土，脾虚不
能克制水，故水流溢，散于皮肤，令身体卒然洪肿，股间寒，足 壅是也。
肾主水，肾虚则水气妄行，不根据经络，停聚结在脐间，小腹肿大，硬如石，故云石
水。其候引胁下胀痛，而不喘是也。
脉沉者，名曰石水。尺脉微大，亦为石水。肿起脐下，至小腹垂垂然，上至胃脘，则死
肺主于皮毛，肾主于水。肾虚则水妄行，流溢于皮肤，故令身体面目悉肿，按之没指，
而无汗也。腹如故而不满，亦不渴，四肢重而不恶风是也。
脉浮者，名曰皮水也。
肾主水，肺主气。肾虚不能制水，故水妄行，浸溢皮肤，而身体肿满。流散不已，上乘
于肺，肺得水而浮，浮则上气而咳嗽也。
肾者阴气，主于水而又主腰脚。肾虚则腰脚血气不足，水之流溢，先从虚而入，故腰脚
先肿也。
水分者，言肾气虚弱，不能制水，令水气分散，流布四肢，故云水分。但四肢皮肤虚肿
，聂聂而动者，名水分也。
夫水之病，皆由肾虚所为，肾虚则水流散经络，始溢皮毛。今此毛水者，乃肺家停积之
水，流溢于外。肺主皮毛，故余经未伤，皮毛先肿，因名毛水也。
水病无不由脾肾虚所为。脾肾虚则水妄行，盈溢皮肤而令身体肿满。此疸水者，言脾胃
有热，热气流于膀胱，使小便涩而身面尽黄，腹满如水状，因名疸水也。
身体和面部突然发生严重浮肿，也是水病的征候，由肾脾虚弱所致。肾主司水液代谢，肾虚则水液妄行；脾主司土气，脾虚则不能克制水湿，导致水流溢散于皮肤之间，致使身体突然严重浮肿，大腿内侧发冷，足部肿胀壅滞，这就是石水的表现。
肾主司水液代谢，肾虚则水气妄行，不循经络运行，停聚结滞在脐间，小腹部肿大，坚硬如石头，所以称为石水。其表现为牵引胁下胀痛，但不气喘。脉象沉的，称为石水。尺部脉象微大，也属于石水。肿胀从脐下开始，直到小腹下垂状，如果向上蔓延至胃脘部位，则预后不良（致死）。
肺主司皮毛，肾主司水液。肾虚则水液妄行，流溢于皮肤，因此导致身体和面目全部浮肿，按压后凹陷不起，且无汗出。腹部形态如常而不胀满，也不口渴，四肢沉重但不怕风，这就是皮水的表现。脉象浮的，称为皮水。
肾主司水液，肺主司气机。肾虚不能制约水液，导致水液妄行，浸渍漫溢于皮肤，从而身体肿满。水气流散不止，上乘侵肺，肺得到水邪而功能失常上浮，气机上逆而引发咳嗽。
肾属阴气，主司水液并且主司腰脚。肾虚则腰脚的气血不足，水湿流溢，首先从虚弱之处侵入，所以腰脚先出现浮肿。
“水分”这一病名，是指肾气虚弱，不能制约水液，导致水气分散，流布于四肢，所以称为水分。仅见四肢皮肤虚浮肿胀，轻微颤动的，称为水分。
大凡水病，都是由肾虚所致，肾虚则水流散于经络，开始溢出于皮毛。现在的“毛水”，乃是肺脏停积的水气，流溢于体表。肺主司皮毛，因此其他经脉尚未受累，皮毛先出现浮肿，所以命名为毛水。
水病没有不是由脾肾虚损所致的。脾肾虚则水液妄行，充盈漫溢于皮肤而导致身体肿满。“疸水”这一名称，是指脾胃有热，热气流入膀胱，使小便涩滞不畅且身体面目全部发黄，腹部胀满如水状，所以称为疸水。
Sudden and severe swelling of the body and face is also a manifestation of Water Disease (Shui Bing), caused by deficiency of the Kidney and Spleen. The Kidney governs water metabolism; when Kidney Qi is deficient, water flows recklessly. The Spleen governs Earth element; when Spleen Qi is deficient, it cannot control water dampness, causing water to overflow and scatter into the skin, resulting in sudden severe swelling of the body, coldness in the groin area, and distension/swelling of the feet. This condition is referred to as Stone Water (Shi Shui).
The Kidney governs water; when Kidney Qi is deficient, water qi flows recklessly without following the meridians, stagnating and accumulating around the umbilicus. The lower abdomen becomes swollen and hard like stone, hence the name Stone Water (Shi Shui). Its manifestations include pulling pain in the hypochondriac region without wheezing. A deep pulse (Mai Chen) indicates Stone Water. A slightly enlarged pulse at the Cun Guan Chi position (Chi Mai Wei Da) also indicates Stone Water. Swelling starting from below the umbilicus extending to the lower abdomen in a drooping manner, if it spreads upward to the epigastrium, results in death.
The Lung governs the skin and hair, while the Kidney governs water. When Kidney Qi is deficient, water flows recklessly and overflows into the skin, causing total swelling of the body and face that leaves an indentation upon pressure, accompanied by absence of sweating. The abdomen remains normal without fullness, there is no thirst, and the limbs feel heavy without aversion to wind. These are manifestations of Skin Water (Pi Shui). A floating pulse (Mai Fu) indicates Skin Water.
The Kidney governs water, and the Lung governs Qi. When Kidney Qi is deficient and cannot control water, water flows recklessly and infiltrates the skin, leading to bodily swelling and fullness. As the water qi continues to spread and ascends to invade the Lung, the Lung becomes buoyant due to water accumulation, causing Qi to rebel upward and resulting in coughing.
The Kidney belongs to Yin Qi, governs water, and controls the waist and legs. When Kidney Qi is deficient, the blood and Qi in the waist and legs are insufficient. Water dampness overflows and enters through these deficient areas first, so swelling appears in the waist and legs initially.
"Water Division" (Shui Fen) refers to a condition where Kidney Qi is weak and cannot control water, causing water qi to disperse and circulate throughout the four limbs, thus named Water Division. It is characterized solely by flaccid swelling of the skin on the four limbs with slight trembling movements.
Generally, all water diseases are caused by Kidney deficiency, where water flows into the meridians and overflows into the skin and hair. However, "Hair Water" (Mao Shui) specifically refers to stagnant water within the Lung system overflowing to the exterior. Since the Lung governs the skin and hair, if other meridians remain unaffected but the skin and hair swell first, it is named Hair Water.
All water diseases are ultimately caused by Spleen and Kidney deficiency. When the Spleen and Kidney are deficient, water flows recklessly, filling and overflowing into the skin, causing bodily swelling. "Jaundice Water" (Dan Shui) refers to a condition where Heat exists in the Spleen and Stomach. This Heat Qi flows into the Bladder, causing difficult and scanty urination, complete yellowing of the body and face, and abdominal fullness resembling water retention, hence the name Jaundice Water.