二十年来，医家之书盛行于世者，张景岳《类经》，赵养葵《医贯》。然《医贯》一知半解耳！
《类经》明岐黄之学，有王冰之所未尽者，即学士大夫，亦必累月而后能通之。昔在戊寅，曾于张平子座
上识景岳，盖交臂而失之。己酉寓证人书院，有蒋一玖者，年八十矣，欲为其舅作传，则景岳也。景岳名
介宾，别号通一子，越之山阴人也。其父为定西侯客。介宾年十四，即从游于京师，天下承平，奇才
异士集于侯门。介宾幼而 齐，遂遍交其长者。是时金梦石工医术，介宾从之学，尽得其传。以为凡人
阴阳，但以血气、脏腑、寒热为言，此特后天之有形者，非先天之无形者也。病者多以后天戕及先天，治病者
但知有形邪气，罔顾无形元气。自刘河间以暑火立论，专用寒凉，其害已甚，赖东垣论脾胃之火，必务温
养，救正实多。丹溪出，立阴虚火动之论，寒凉之弊又复盛行，故其注本草，独详参、附之用。又慨世之医
者，茫无定见，勉为杂应之术，假兼备以幸中，借和平以藏拙。虚而补之，又恐补之为害，复制之以消；实而消之，又
恐消之为害，复制之以补。若此者，以药治药尚未遑，又安望其及于病耶？幸而偶愈，亦不知其补之之力，攻之之力耶？
及其不愈，亦不知其补之为害，消之为害耶？是以为人治病，沉思病原，单方重剂，莫不应手霍然。一时谒病者，辐辏
其门，沿边大帅，皆遣金币致之。其所着《类经》，综核百家，剖析微义，凡数十万言，历四十年而后成。西安
叶秉敬谓之“海内奇书”。班孟坚赞孝宣之治政事，文学法理之士，咸精其能，至于技巧工匠器械，自元
成间，鲜能及之！介宾此书，若非遭遇神宗之盛，亦莫能有也。又以应病如应敌，作《新方八阵》，为《八
略》以破之。惜其书晚出，尚藏于家。介宾博学，于医之外，象数、星纬、堪舆、律吕，皆能究其底
蕴。在辽阳道中，闻御马者歌声聒耳，介宾曰∶此恶声也，不出五年，辽其亡矣。已而言验。所亲问以近
事，介宾曰∶我夜观干象，宫车殆将晏驾，天下从此亦乱矣。未几，神宗崩。介宾遂返越，其年五十八，
又二十年始卒。卒之日自题其像，召三子而诲之。其门人曰∶先生乃死耶！吾先生故有不死者。介宾莞
尔而逝。自太史公传仓公，件系其事，后之儒者，每仿是体，以作名医之传。戴九灵、宋景濂其着也，
而名医亦复自列其事，存为医案，以待后人遇有病之相同者，则仿而治之，亦盛心也。世风不古，以医负
贩其术，无异于里闾俗师也，而不肯以里闾俗师自居，虽复杀人如草，亦点缀医案以欺人。介宾医案，
散在《景岳全书》，予不叙于篇，恶夫蹈袭者之众也。赵养葵名献可，宁波人，与介宾同时，未尝相见，而议
论往往有合者。
姚江黄宗羲太冲父撰
二十年来，在医家中流行于世的书籍，当推张景岳的《类经》和赵养葵的《医贯》。然而，《医贯》一书不过是知其一不知其二罢了！
《类经》阐明了岐黄（黄帝与岐伯，代指中医经典理论）之学，其中有王冰所未能详尽之处，即使是学士大夫，也必定要经过数月才能通晓它。过去在戊寅年，我曾在张平子的座上结识了景岳，可惜擦肩而过而未能深交。己酉年，我寓居在证人书院，有一位叫蒋一玖的人，已经八十岁了，想要为他的舅舅撰写传记，那个人就是景岳。景岳名叫介宾，别号通一子，是越地山阴人。他的父亲是定西侯的门客。介宾十四岁时，便跟随父亲游学于京城，当时天下太平，奇才异士都聚集在侯门之中。介宾自幼聪慧，于是遍交那些长者。这时金梦石擅长医术，介宾向他学习，尽得其真传。他认为凡人的阴阳，只是以血气、脏腑、寒热来谈论，这仅仅是后天的有形之物，并非先天的无形之物。患病者多因后天因素损害先天，治病者只知道有形的邪气，不顾及无形的元气。自从刘河间以暑火立论，专用寒凉药物，其危害已经很严重了，幸亏李东垣论述脾胃之火，务必注重温养，纠正偏差实在很多。朱丹溪出现后，创立了阴虚火动之论，寒凉药物的弊端又再次盛行，所以他注释本草时，唯独详细阐述人参、附子的用法。他又感慨世间的医者，茫然没有定见，勉强采用杂应之术，假借兼备（多种功效）来侥幸命中，借用和平（温和）来掩饰拙劣。虚证而用补法，又恐怕补法带来危害，再配合消导药；实证而用消法，又恐怕消法带来危害，再配合补益药。像这样，用药治疗疾病尚且来不及，又怎能指望治愈疾病呢？幸好偶尔痊愈，也不知道是补法的效力，还是攻法的效力呢？等到不能痊愈，也不知道是补法带来的危害，还是消法带来的危害呢？因此为人治病，深思病因，使用单方重剂，没有不立刻霍然痊愈的。一时间求诊的人，如车辐聚于轴心般聚集在他的门前，沿边的大帅，都派遣使者带着金币去聘请他。他所著的《类经》，综合考核百家学说，剖析精微义理，共数十万言，历经四十年才完成。西安叶秉敬称其为“海内奇书”。班固称赞汉宣帝时的政治，从事政事、文学、法理的人士，都精通他们的能力，至于技巧工匠器械，自元帝、成帝以来，很少有人能比得上！介宾这本书，如果不是遭遇神宗皇帝的盛世，也不可能有这样的成就。他又以应对疾病如同应对敌人一样，创作了《新方八阵》，并写了《八略》来破解它。可惜这本书出版较晚，还藏在家中。介宾博学，在医学之外，象数、星纬、堪舆、律吕，都能探究其根本底蕴。在辽阳道中，听到御马者的歌声嘈杂刺耳，介宾说：“这是恶声，不出五年，辽阳就要灭亡了。”后来果然应验。亲友问他近况，介宾说：“我夜间观察天象，皇帝恐怕快要驾崩了，天下从此也将大乱了。”不久，神宗皇帝驾崩。介宾于是返回越地，那年五十八岁，又过了二十年才去世。去世那天，他自己在画像上题字，召唤三个儿子教诲他们。他的门人说：“先生是死了吗！我的先生本来就有不死的部分。”介宾微笑着去世了。自从太史公为仓公作传，逐一记录他的事迹，后来的儒者，常常模仿这种体裁，来撰写名医的传记。戴九灵、宋景濂的作品就是其中的代表作。而名医也常常自己列出事迹，保存为医案，留给后人遇到病情相同的人，就仿效来治疗，这也是盛情厚意啊。世风不如古时淳朴，有人把医术当作买卖，与乡里的普通老师没有区别，却又不肯以乡里普通老师自居，即使杀人如草芥，也要点缀医案来欺骗人。介宾的医案，散见于《景岳全书》，我不在此篇中叙述，是因为厌恶那些蹈袭前人的人太多。赵养葵名献可，宁波人，与介宾同时代，未曾相见，但议论往往有契合之处。
姚江黄宗羲太冲之父撰写
For the past twenty years, the medical books prevalent in the world have been Zhang Jingyue's *Lei Jing* (Classified Classic) and Zhao Yangkui's *Yi Guan* (Medical Canon). However, *Yi Guan* is merely a half-understood work!
*Lei Jing* elucidates the learning of Qi Bo and Huang Di (the Yellow Emperor), containing details not fully expounded by Wang Bing. Even for scholars and gentlemen, it requires months to comprehend. In the year Wuyin, I met Jingyue at the residence of Zhang Pingzi, but unfortunately missed him. In the year Jiyu, residing at Zhengren Academy, there was a man named Jiang Yijiu, aged eighty, who wished to write a biography for his maternal uncle, who was none other than Jingyue. Jingyue's given name was Jiabin, with the pseudonym Tongyi Zi, and he was from Shanyin, Yue region. His father was a retainer of the Dingxi Marquis. At the age of fourteen, Jiabin accompanied his father to study in the capital. During this time of peace, talented individuals gathered at the Marquis's gate. Jiabin was intelligent and upright from childhood, thus associating widely with the elders. At that time, Jin Mengshi was skilled in medicine, and Jiabin studied under him, acquiring his complete transmission. He believed that the Yin and Yang of ordinary people are discussed only in terms of blood, qi, zang-fu organs, cold, and heat; these are merely postnatal tangible forms, not prenatal intangible essence. Patients often damage their prenatal essence through postnatal factors. Physicians, knowing only tangible pathogenic factors, neglect intangible vital qi. Since Liu Hejian established theories on summerheat and fire, exclusively using cold and cool herbs, the harm was already severe. Fortunately, Dongyuan discussed fire in the spleen and stomach, emphasizing warm nourishment, thereby correcting many errors. When Danxi emerged, he proposed the theory of yin deficiency with hyperactive fire, causing the弊端 (drawbacks) of cold and cool herbs to prevail again. Therefore, in his commentary on Materia Medica, he detailed the uses of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) and Aconitum Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi). He lamented that contemporary physicians, lacking definite views, resorted to miscellaneous remedies, relying on comprehensive formulas to hope for accidental success, and using mild treatments to conceal incompetence. For deficiency, they tonify, yet fear the harm of tonification, so they add resolving agents; for excess, they resolve, yet fear the harm of resolution, so they add tonifying agents. In such cases, treating drugs with drugs leaves no time to address the disease itself. How can one expect efficacy? If by chance cured, one does not know whether it was the power of tonification or attack. If uncured, one does not know whether the harm came from tonification or resolution. Thus, when treating patients, by deeply contemplating the etiology and using single-formula heavy doses, recovery was immediate. Consequently, patients flocked to his door like spokes to a hub. Generals along the border sent gold and silk to invite him. His work *Lei Jing*, synthesizing hundreds of schools and analyzing subtle meanings, amounted to several hundred thousand words and took forty years to complete. Ye Bingjing of Xi'an called it a "rare book within the seas." Ban Biao praised the governance of Emperor Xuan of Han, noting that officials of politics, literature, and law were all proficient, while craftsmen and instruments since the reigns of Emperors Yuan and Cheng were rarely matched. Jiabin's book, had it not been for the prosperity of Emperor Shenzong's reign, could not have been written. Furthermore, regarding treating diseases as if fighting enemies, he composed *Xin Fang Ba Zhen* (New Formulas of Eight Arrays) and wrote *Ba Lve* (Eight Strategies) to counter them. Regrettably, his book appeared late and remained unpublished in his home. Jiabin was erudite; beyond medicine, he explored the depths of xiangshu (numerology and images), astrology, geomancy, and music theory. On the road to Liaoyang, hearing the noisy singing of horse groomers, Jiabin said, "This is an ominous sound; within five years, Liaoyang will fall." The prediction later proved true. When asked about recent events by relatives, Jiabin said, "I observed the stars at night; the Emperor is likely to pass away soon, and chaos will ensue in the world." Shortly after, Emperor Shenzong died. Jiabin then returned to Yue. He was fifty-eight years old at the time and passed away twenty years later. On the day of his death, he inscribed his own portrait and instructed his three sons. His disciples said, "Is Master dead? My Master has that which does not die." Jiabin smiled and passed away. Since Sima Qian wrote the biography of Cang Gong, recording his deeds item by item, later Confucians often imitated this style to write biographies of famous doctors. Dai Jiuling and Song Lian are notable examples. Famous doctors also recorded their own cases, preserving them as medical records for future generations to emulate when encountering similar illnesses, which is also a noble intention. As social customs declined, some treated medicine as a trade, no different from village teachers, yet refused to identify as such. Even if they killed like grass, they embellished medical records to deceive others. Jiabin's medical records are scattered in *Jingyue Quanshu*. I do not narrate them here because I detest the prevalence of plagiarists. Zhao Yangkui, whose given name was Xianke, was from Ningbo. He lived at the same time as Jiabin but never met him; however, their discussions often coincided.
Written by Huang Zongxi Taichong, father of Yaojiang.