自然铜乃接骨之要药，惟敷药不用，汤饮必须用之。以续断、五加皮为佐；活血以红花
、当
归为主；理气以青皮、枳壳为先；破血以桃仁、木通为君；补血以芍药、生地为最。若欲疏
风先须理气，活血亦须顺气为要。在足木瓜为引经药，在手桂枝、桑枝亦可。
大凡人左胸为气门，右胸为痰火；左肋为食肚，右肋为血海。前胸为龙潭穴，背心为海
底穴。
左乳伤发嗽，右乳伤发呃。两腰为二珠穴，伤则发笑。男子伤于上部易治，以男子气盛、上
升故也，女子伤于下部者易治，盖女子血盛、下降故也。
盖大凡致命处，则顶心、太阳、耳窍、咽喉、胸膛、两乳、心坎、肚脐、两胁、肾囊、
阴
户、脑后、耳根、脊膂、背心、两后胁腰眼并顶心之偏左偏右、额颅、额角，伤重者皆能致
命。
大凡人受全体者，死速。伤肩背死迟，伤左半身者气促，面黄浮肿，右半身者气呃，面
白血
少，伤背者虽不速死，百日后必死，以五脏皆系于背故也，宜服延生药酒。伤胸者必嗽咳迷
闷，面黑，发主三四日死，以胸乃血气往来之所，服七厘散、行气活血汤。
大凡跌打伤轻不致命，但觉两肋疼痛者，此肝火有余，实是火盛之故也。或有平日登高
跌扑
者，原有瘀血瘀滞，今又因新伤而发痛也。或有痰积、食积而痛者，或有醉饱房劳、脾气虚
耗，肝木乘脾胃亏虚，当心连两肋而痛者。又有伤寒发热而两肋痛者。左肋痛，气与火；右
肋痛，痰与食。瘀血痛者，伤处必有红肿。若肥白色之人身发寒热而兼肋痛者，多因气虚；
黑瘦之人发寒热而痛者，大约阴阳两亏，必日轻夜重，多怒腰痛，此亦瘀血凝滞故也。
自然铜是接骨的关键药物，但在外敷药中不使用，在汤剂或饮片中必须使用。以续断、五加皮作为佐药；以红花、当归为主药来活血；以青皮、枳壳为先导来理气；以桃仁、木通为君药来破血；以芍药、生地为最佳来补血。如果想要疏风，必须先调理气机，活血也必须以顺气为关键。在足部用药时，木瓜作为引经药；在手部用药时，桂枝、桑枝也可以作为引经药。
大凡人体的左胸称为气门，右胸称为痰火汇聚之处；左肋称为食肚，右肋称为血海。前胸部位称为龙潭穴，背心部位称为海底穴。左侧乳房受伤会引发咳嗽，右侧乳房受伤会引发呃逆。两腰部位称为二珠穴，此处受伤会导致患者发笑。男子身体上部受伤容易治疗，因为男子阳气旺盛、气机上升的缘故；女子身体下部受伤容易治疗，因为女子阴血旺盛、血性下降的缘故。
一般来说，致命的要害部位包括：顶心（头顶正中）、太阳穴、耳窍、咽喉、胸膛、两乳、心坎（心窝部）、肚脐、两胁、肾囊（阴囊）、阴户、脑后、耳根、脊膂（脊柱背部）、背心、两后胁腰眼以及顶心偏左或偏右处、额颅、额角，这些部位如果受到重伤，都能导致死亡。
大凡人体遭受全身性严重损伤的，死亡迅速。伤及肩背部的，死亡较迟；伤及左半身的，会出现气促、面色黄、浮肿的症状；伤及右半身的，会出现呃逆、面色白、血少的症状；伤及背部的，虽然不会立即死亡，但一百日后必然死亡，因为五脏都系联于背部，适宜服用延生药酒。伤及胸部的，必定出现咳嗽、胸闷昏迷，面色黑，大约在三四日内死亡，因为胸部是气血往来的通道，适宜服用七厘散、行气活血汤。
大凡跌打损伤较轻且不致命的，只是感觉两肋疼痛的，这是肝火有余，实际上是火势过盛的原因。或者有人平时登高跌落，原本就有瘀血停滞，现在又因新伤而引发疼痛。或者有因痰积、食积而导致疼痛的，或者有因醉酒饱食、房劳过度导致脾气虚耗，肝木乘克脾胃亏虚，从而引起当心连及两肋疼痛的。又有因伤寒发热而导致两肋疼痛的。左肋痛，属于气滞与火盛；右肋痛，属于痰湿与食积。瘀血疼痛的，受伤部位必定有红肿。如果是肥胖白皙的人发生寒热并兼有肋痛，多因气虚；如果是黑瘦的人发生寒热并疼痛，大约是阴阳两虚，必定白天轻晚上重，多怒且腰痛，这也是瘀血凝滞的缘故。
Calcitum (Rattans Fructus) is a crucial herb for bone setting; it is not used in external applications but must be included in decoctions or infusions. It is assisted by Dipsaci Radix (Xuduan) and Acanthopanacis Senticosi Cortex (Wujia Pi); for promoting blood circulation, Carthami Flos (Honghua) and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui) serve as the principal herbs; for regulating Qi, Aurantii Fructus Viridis (Qingpi) and Aurantii Fructus (Zhike) are prioritized; for breaking up blood stasis, Persicae Semen (Taoren) and Akebiae Caulis (Mutong) act as the sovereign herbs; for nourishing blood, Paeoniae Radix (Shaoyao) and Rehmanniae Radix Recens (Shengdi) are most effective. If wind-dispersion is desired, Qi regulation must precede it; similarly, promoting blood circulation requires smoothing Qi as a key principle. For injuries to the lower limbs, Papaveris Fructus (Mugua) serves as a guiding herb; for injuries to the upper limbs, Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi) and Mori Ramulus (Sangzhi) may also be used.
Generally, the left chest of a human body is referred to as the "Qi Gate," and the right chest as the site of "Phlegm-Fire." The left hypochondrium is called the "Food Stomach," and the right hypochondrium is the "Sea of Blood." The anterior chest corresponds to the Tianlong Acupoint, and the back corresponds to the Haidi Acupoint. Injury to the left breast induces coughing, while injury to the right breast induces hiccups. The two loins correspond to the Erzhu Acupoints; injury here causes laughter. Injuries to the upper part of men are easier to treat because men possess vigorous Qi that ascends; injuries to the lower part of women are easier to treat because women possess abundant Blood that descends.
Generally, fatal vital points include: Dingxin (Vertex), Taiyang (Temple), Erqiao (Ear Orifices), Yanhou (Throat), Xiong Tang (Chest), Liang Ru (Both Breasts), Xin Kan (Epigastrium), Duqi (Umbilicus), Liang Xie (Both Hypochondria), Shennang (Scrotum), Yinhu (Vagina), Naohou (Back of Head), Ergen (Root of Ear), Jilu (Spine), Beixin (Back), Liang Houxie Yaoyan (Lateral Waist Eyes), areas slightly left or right of the Vertex, Eluan (Forehead), and Ejiao (Frontal Angle). Severe injuries to these sites can all be fatal.
Generally, whole-body trauma leads to rapid death. Injuries to the shoulders and back result in delayed death. Injuries to the left half of the body cause shortness of breath, yellowish complexion, and edema; injuries to the right half cause hiccups, pale complexion, and blood deficiency. Injuries to the back do not cause immediate death, but death will occur within one hundred days because the five Zang organs are connected to the back; Yansheng Jiujiu (Life-Prolonging Medicinal Wine) should be taken. Injuries to the chest inevitably cause coughing, chest tightness, and coma, with a black complexion, leading to death within three to four days because the chest is the pathway for Qi and Blood circulation; Qili San (Seven-Cent Powder) and Xingqi Huoxue Tang (Regulating Qi and Invigorating Blood Decoction) should be taken.
Generally, mild contusions that are not fatal present only as pain in the two hypochondria, which is due to excess Liver Fire, essentially an overabundance of Fire. Some individuals who previously fell from heights have existing blood stasis; new injuries trigger pain from this latent stasis. Pain may also arise from Phlegm accumulation or Food retention. Alternatively, excessive drinking, overeating, or sexual exhaustion may deplete Spleen Qi, allowing Liver Wood to overact on deficient Spleen-Stomach, causing pain radiating from the epigastrium to both hypochondria. Another cause is hypochondriac pain accompanying fever from Cold Damage. Left hypochondriac pain indicates Qi stagnation and Fire; right hypochondriac pain indicates Phlegm and Food retention. Pain due to blood stasis is characterized by redness and swelling at the injury site. In obese, fair-skinned individuals, chills, fever, and hypochondriac pain are often due to Qi deficiency; in dark, thin individuals, chills, fever, and pain suggest dual deficiency of Yin and Yang, typically worsening at night, accompanied by irritability and lumbar pain, which is also due to blood stasis congealing.