节痛不可屈伸也。合三条观之。汗出入水者。热为湿郁也。风血相搏者。血为风动也。饮酒汗出当风者。风
湿相合也。历节病因。有是三者不同。其为从虚所得。则一也。
诸肢节疼痛。身体HT 羸。脚肿如脱。头眩短气。温温欲吐。桂枝芍药知母汤主之。（HT 。赵本。作 。沈
尤金鉴同。魏作HT 。案此当作 。脉经。作 瘰。非。）
〔魏〕湿热在体。风邪乘之。而历节成矣。于是掣痛之势如脱。甚不可奈。湿上甚而为热。热上甚而引
风。风上甚而耗气冲胸。头眩短气。温温欲吐。皆风邪热邪湿邪。合为患者也。主之以桂枝芍药知母汤。以
桂枝防风麻黄生姜之辛燥。治风治湿。白术甘草之甘平。补中。芍药知母之酸寒苦寒。生血清热。是风湿热三
邪。并除之法也。其间加附子。走湿邪于经队中。助麻桂为驱逐。非以温经也。况此方。乃通治
风湿热三邪之法。非 为瘦人出治也。肥人平日。阳虚于内者多。非扶助其阳气。则邪之入筋骨间者。难于轻
使之出。用附子于肥人。尤所宜也。勿嫌其辛温。而云不可治血虚内
热之证也。瘦人阴虚。火盛之甚。加芍药。减附子。又可临时善其化裁矣。
案历节。即痹论所谓行痹痛痹之类。后世呼为痛风。（丹溪有痛风论。见于格致余论。知是元以降之称。）
三因直指。称白虎历节风是也。（白虎病。见于外台。引近效云。其疾昼静而夜发。发即彻髓酸疼。乍歇。其
疾如虎之啮。故曰白虎病。此即历节风也。而别为一证恐非。）盖风寒湿三气杂至。合
而所发。痛久则邪盛正弱。身体即 羸也。痹气下注。脚肿如脱。上行则头眩短气。扰胃则温温欲吐。表
里上下皆痹。故其治亦杂揉。桂麻防风。发表行痹。甘草生姜。和胃调中。
芍药知母和阴清热。而附子用知母之半。行阳除寒。白术合于桂麻。则能祛表里之湿。而生姜多用。以其辛
温。又能使诸药宣行也。与越婢加术附汤。其意略同。沈氏则谓脾胃肝
肾俱虚非也。温温。金鉴。改作 。不必然。（详见于伤寒论证义。）
桂枝芍药知母汤方
桂枝（四两） 芍药（三两） 甘草（二两） 麻黄（二两） 生姜（五两） 白术
（五两） 知母（四两） 防风（四两） 附子（二两炮。二两赵作一枚）
上九味。以水七升。煮取二升。温服七合。日三服。（案千金外台。防风汤七升。作一斗。二升。作三升。）
外台古今录验。防风汤。主身体四肢节解。疼痛如堕脱肿。案之皮急。头眩短气。温温闷乱如欲吐。
即本方。去麻黄。
千金防风汤 主疗与外台同。
于本方。无麻黄附子。有半夏杏仁芎 。
味酸则伤筋。筋伤则缓。名曰泄。咸则伤骨。骨伤则痿。名曰枯。枯泄相搏。名曰断泄。营气不通。
卫不独行。营卫俱微。三焦无所御。四属断绝。身体羸瘦。独足肿大。黄汗出胫冷。假令发热。便为历节也。
（四属。程作四肢。此条程魏接下乌头溥为一条。非。）
〔徐〕此论饮食伤阴。致营卫俱痹。足肿胫冷。有类历节。但当以发热别之也。谓饮食既伤阴。然味各
归其所喜。政酸为肝之味。过酸则伤筋。筋所以束骨。而利机关。伤则缓漫不收。肝气不敛。故名曰泄。咸为
肾之味。过咸则伤肾。肾所以华发而充骨。伤则髓竭精虚。肾气痿惫。故名曰枯。肝肾者人之本也。肾不荣。而
肝不敛。根销源断。故曰断泄。饮食伤阴。营先受之。乃营气不通。营卫本相根据。营伤卫不
独治。因循既久。营卫俱微。三焦所以统领内气。而充贯四肢者也。失营卫之养。而无所恃以为御。御者摄也。
四属之气。不相统摄而断绝。四属者。四肢也。元气既惫。身体羸瘦。足尤在下阳气不及。肿大胫冷。荣中
气郁。则热而黄汗。然此皆阴分病。非历节。历节挟外之湿邪。而重且痛也。唯外邪必发热。故曰假令发热。
是表分亦有邪。从肌肉而历关节。使为历节。
〔尤〕虚病不能发热。历节则未有不热者。故曰假令发热。便
为历节。后水气篇中又云。黄汗之病。两胫自冷。假令发热。此属历节。盖即黄汗历节。而又致其辨也。
〔鉴〕名曰断泄之泄字。当是绝字。始与下文相属。必是传写之讹。
案平脉法。林亿注。四属者。谓皮肉脂髓。成注亦同。
病历节。不可屈伸疼痛。乌头汤主之。（脉经作疼。痛不可屈伸。是。）
〔沈〕此寒湿历节之方也。经谓风寒湿三气合而为痹。此风少寒湿居多。痹于筋脉关节肌肉之间。以故
不可屈伸疼痛。即寒气胜者。为痛痹是也。所以麻黄通阳出汗散邪。而开痹着。乌头驱寒而燥风湿。芍药收
阴之正。以蜜润燥。兼制乌头之毒。黄 甘草。固表培中。使痹着开而病自愈。谓治脚
气疼痛者。亦风寒湿邪所致也。
乌头汤方 治香港脚疼痛不可屈节。（尤本治上有亦字。程金鉴删治以下九字。案此后人所添。今从之。）
麻黄 芍药 黄 （各三两） 甘草（炙） 川乌（五枚 咀以蜜二升煎取一
升即出乌头○案甘草原本及赵程魏金鉴并欠两数俞徐沈尤并云三两未知何据）
上五味。 咀四味。以水三升。煮取一升。去滓。纳蜜煎中。更煎之。服七合。不知。尽服之。
张氏医通云。乌头善走入肝。逐风寒。故筋脉之急者。
必以乌头治之。然以蜜煎。取缓其性。使之留连筋骨。以利
其屈伸。且蜜之润。又可益血养筋。兼制乌头燥热之毒。千金大枣汤。治历节疼痛。
于本方。去芍药附子。加乌头大枣生姜。
矾石汤 治香港脚冲 心。（ 赵作冲。程本金鉴。不载此方。至篇末五方并删。）
矾石（二两○杂疗方作半斤）
上一味。以浆水一斗五升。煎三五沸。浸脚良。（此方杂疗救卒死篇。无浆字。千金翼浸下。有洗字。）
〔尤〕香港脚之病。湿伤于下。而气冲于上。矾石味酸涩性燥。能却水收湿解毒。毒解湿收。上冲自止。
案千金论香港脚云。魏周之代。盖无此疾。所以姚公集验殊不殷勤。徐王撰录。未以为意。外台苏长史
云。晋宋以前。名为缓风。古来无香港脚名。由此观之。此方亦是宋以前人所附。非仲景原方明矣。程云凡仲
景方经。证在前而方在后。未有方在前而证在后者。固然。
附方
古今录验续命汤 治中风痱。身体不能自收。口不能言。冒昧不知痛处。或拘急不得转侧。（〔原注〕
姚云与大续命同。兼治妇人产后去血者。及老人小儿。○案外台风痱门。载古今录验。西州续命汤。即是。冒
昧下。有不识人三字。千金名大续命汤。而西州续命汤。主疗与此同。无人参有黄芩。分两亦异。主疗与姚同。）
麻黄 桂枝 当归 人参 石膏 干姜 甘草（各三两） 芎 杏仁（四十枚 千金用芎 三两。外台麻
黄三两。芎 一两。余各二两。杏仁与本方同。俞本芎 一两五钱。非）
上九味。以水一斗。煮取四升。温服一升。当小汗。薄
覆脊凭几坐。汗出则愈。不汗更服。无所禁。勿当风。并治
但伏不得卧。咳逆上气。面目浮肿。（浮。外台作洪。）
〔沈〕灵枢云。痱之为病。身无痛者。四肢不收。智乱不甚。其言微。甚则不能言。不可治。故
后人仿此而出方也。
〔尤〕痱者。废也。精神不持。筋骨不用。非特邪气之扰。亦真气之衰也。麻黄桂枝。所以散邪。人
参当归。所以养正。石膏合杏仁。助散邪之力。甘草合干姜。为复气之需。乃攻补兼行之法也。
案汉贾谊传云。辟者一面病。痱者一方病。师古注。辟足病。痱风病也。圣济总录云。痱。字书病痱而
发。肉非其肉者以身体无痛。四肢不收。而无所用也。楼氏纲目云。痱。废也。痱。即偏枯之邪气深者。以其
半身无气营运。故名偏枯。以其手足废而不收。或名痱。或偏废。或全废。皆曰痱
也。知是痱。即中风之谓。脉解篇。喑俳。即喑痱也。徐则谓痱者痹之别名。此说本喻氏法律。尤误矣。外
台本方煎法后云。范汪方。主病及用水升数。煮取多少。并同。汪云。是仲景方。本欠两味。汪为东晋人。而
其言如此。正知此亦仲景旧方。原本失载。宋臣因而附之也。
虞氏医学正传云。金匮要略本方。有石膏当归。无附子防风防己。愚案本方。石膏当归。固不可无。
而附子防风防己。尤不可缺。此恐传写者之脱简耳。简案续命汤。千金外台所载。凡数十方。唯外台。风身
体手足不随门。古今录验。小续命汤方中。附子石膏并用。虞氏之言。不可从。
王氏古方选注云。古今录验者。其方录于竹简。从古至汉。始刊于金匮附方中。续命者。有却病延年之
功。案十六国春秋。有卢循。遗刘裕益智粽。裕乃答以续命汤。又欧阳修有细为续命丝之句。可征二字之谓延年矣。
千金三黄汤 治中风手足拘急。百节疼痛。烦热心乱。
恶寒经日。不欲饮食。（千金贼风门云。仲景三黄汤。拘急。作拘挛。○三因云。
兼治贼风。偏风。猥退风。半身不遂。失喑不言。）
麻黄（五分） 独活（四分） 细辛（二分） 黄 （二分） 黄芩（三分）
上五味。以水六升。煮取二升。分温三服。一服小汗。二服大汗。心热加大黄二分。腹满加枳实一枚。
气逆加人参三分。悸加牡蛎三分。渴加栝蒌根三分。先有寒加附子一枚。（
心热。千金作心中热。千金翼。一枚下。有此仲景方。神秘不传。八字。）
〔魏〕亦为中风正治。而少为变通者也。以独活代桂枝。为风入之深者设也。以细辛代干姜。为邪入于经
者设也。以黄 补虚。以熄风也。以黄芩代石膏。清热。为湿郁于下。热甚于上者设也。心热加大黄。以泄
热也。腹满加枳实。以开郁行气也。气逆加人参。以补中益胃也。悸加牡蛎。防水邪也。渴加栝蒌根。以肃肺
生津除热也。大约为虚而有热者言治也。先有寒。即素有寒也。素有寒则无热可知。纵有热。
亦内真寒外假热而已。云加附子。则方中之黄芩。亦应斟酌矣。此又为虚而有寒者言治也。
近效方术附汤 治风虚头重眩苦极。不知食味。暖肌补
中。益精气。（外台。此下。载甘草附子汤。主疗风湿相搏。骨节疼痛。云云。三十余字。）
白术（二两） 附子（一枚半炮去皮） 甘草（一两炙）
上三味。锉每五钱匕。姜五片。枣一枚。水盏半。煎七分。去滓温服。
〔徐〕肾气空虚。风邪乘之。漫无出路。风挟肾中浊阴之气。厥逆上攻。致头中眩苦至极。兼以胃气亦
虚。不知食味。此非轻扬风剂可愈。故用附子暖其水脏。白术甘草。暖其土脏。水土一暖。犹之冬月井中。水
土既暖。阳和之气。可以立复。而浊阴之气。不驱自下矣。
案外台风头眩门。所载近效白术附子汤。有桂枝而无生姜大枣。上四味。切以水六升。煮取三升。分为三
服。日三。初服得微汗。即解。能食复烦者。将服五合以上愈。此本仲景伤寒论方。即是甘草附子汤也。而此所
载。去桂加术附子汤。且煎法及分两。宋人所改。不知何以差谬如此。盖孙奇等失之不检也。
崔氏八味丸 治香港脚上入。少腹不仁。
干地黄（八两） 山茱萸 薯蓣（各四两） 泽泻 茯苓 牡丹皮（各三两） 桂枝 附子（炮各一两）
上八味末之。炼蜜和丸梧子大。酒下十五丸。日再服。
〔尤〕肾之脉起于足。而入于腹。肾气不治。湿寒之气。随经上入。聚于少腹。为之不仁。是非驱湿散
寒之剂。所可治者。须以肾气丸。补肾中之气。以为生阳化湿之用也。
案外台香港脚不随门。载崔氏方。凡五条。第四条云。若香港脚上入少腹。少腹不仁。即服张仲景八味丸。方用
泽泻四两。附子二两。桂枝三两。山茱萸五两。余并同于本书。旧唐经籍志。崔氏纂要方十卷。崔知悌撰。
（新唐艺文志。崔行功撰。）所谓崔氏其人也。不知者或以为仲景收录崔氏之方。故详及之。
千金方越婢加术汤 治肉极。热则身体津脱。腠理开汗大泄。厉风气。下焦脚弱。
麻黄（六两） 石膏（半斤） 生姜（二两） 甘草（二两） 白术（四两） 大枣（十五枚）
上六味。以水六升。先煮麻黄。去上沫。纳诸药。煮取三升。分温三服。恶风。加附子一枚炮。
案徐沈以厉风为癞。甚误矣。外台引删繁肉极论曰。凡肉极者。主脾也。脾应肉。肉与脾合。若脾病
则肉变色。云云脾风之状。多汗阴动伤寒。寒则虚。虚则体重怠惰。四肢
不欲举。不欲饮食。食则咳。咳则右胁下痛。隐隐引肩背。不可以动转。名曰厉风。是也。又案千金肉极门。
不见方云。方见七卷中。而今考之七卷中。香港脚门所载。越婢汤。有附子。故外台肉极门。引千金。亦有附
子。煎法后云。一名起脾汤。而香港脚门越婢汤方后注云。此仲景方。本云。越婢加术汤。又无附子。胡洽云。
若恶风者。加附子一枚。多冷痰者。加白术。盖孙奇等。彼是凑合所录。故与外台有少异焉。
关节疼痛，无法屈伸。综合这三条来看：出汗时入水沐浴，是热被湿气郁遏；风与血相互搏结，是血液被风邪扰动；饮酒后出汗当风，是风与湿相合。历节病的病因，虽有这三种不同情况，但其根源都在于虚损，这一点是一致的。
各种肢节疼痛，身体消瘦羸弱，脚部肿胀如同脱落之感，头晕目眩，呼吸短促，心中泛恶欲吐。用桂枝芍药知母汤主治。（“HT”字，赵本、《沈氏尊生书》、《医宗金鉴》作“瘦”，魏本作“HT”。按：此处应当作“瘦”。《脉经》作“瘰”，非。）
〔魏〕湿热在体内，风邪乘虚而入，于是历节病形成。此时掣痛之势如脱，极其难以忍受。湿邪在上部甚盛则化为热，热邪甚盛则引动风邪，风邪甚盛则耗伤正气并冲逆于胸中。头晕目眩、呼吸短促、心中泛恶欲吐，都是风邪、热邪、湿邪合而为患的结果。主治用桂枝芍药知母汤，以桂枝、防风、麻黄、生姜的辛燥之性，治疗风邪和湿邪；以白术、甘草的甘平之性，补益中气；以芍药、知母的酸寒、苦寒之性，生血清热。这是风湿热三邪并除的方法。其中加入附子，是为了在经络中驱逐湿邪，协助麻黄、桂枝进行驱逐，并非为了温通经脉。况且此方是通治风湿热三邪的方法，并非专门为瘦人制定的。肥人平时多内阳虚，如果不扶助其阳气，那么侵入筋骨间的邪气就难以轻易排出。对肥人使用附子，尤为适宜。不要嫌弃它辛温，就说不能治疗血虚内热的证候。瘦人阴虚，火气极盛，增加芍药，减少附子，又可以临时灵活化裁。
案：历节，即《痹论》所说的行痹、痛痹之类，后世称为痛风。（丹溪有《痛风论》，见于《格致余论》，可知是从元代以来的称呼。）《三因方》称其为白虎历节风。（白虎病，见于《外台秘要》，引用《近效方》说：这种病白天安静而夜间发作，发作时彻髓酸痛，间歇片刻，病痛如老虎咬噬，所以叫白虎病。这就是历节风，另列为一种证候恐怕不对。）大概风寒湿三气杂至，合而发病，疼痛日久则邪气盛而正气弱，身体就会消瘦。痹气下注，脚肿如脱；上行则头眩短气；扰及胃腑则心中泛恶欲吐。表里上下皆痹，所以治疗也杂揉并用。桂枝、麻黄、防风，发表行痹；甘草、生姜，和胃调中；芍药、知母，调和阴液清热；附子用量仅为知母的一半，通行阳气驱除寒邪；白术配合桂枝、麻黄，能祛除表里之湿；生姜多用，因其辛温，又能使诸药宣散运行。这与越婢加术附汤的意思大致相同。沈氏说是脾胃肝肾俱虚，是不对的。“温温”，《金鉴》改为“愠”，不一定正确。（详见于《伤寒论》论证义。）
桂枝芍药知母汤方
桂枝（四两） 芍药（三两） 甘草（二两） 麻黄（二两） 生姜（五两） 白术（五两） 知母（四两） 防风（四两） 附子（二两炮制，二两赵本作一枚）
以上九味药，用水七升，煮取二升，温服七合，每日三次服用。（案：《千金方》、《外台秘要》中防风汤用水七升，一作一斗；煮取二升，一作三升。）
《外台秘要》引《古今录验》防风汤，主治身体四肢关节解离，疼痛如堕脱肿胀，按压皮肤紧绷，头晕目眩，呼吸短促，心中烦闷混乱想吐。就是本方去掉麻黄。
《千金方》防风汤，主疗与《外台》相同。在本方基础上，无麻黄、附子，有半夏、杏仁、川芎。
味道酸则损伤筋，筋受损则松弛，名叫泄；味道咸则损伤骨，骨受损则痿废，名叫枯。枯和泄相互搏结，名叫断泄。营气不通，卫气不能独行，营卫都微弱，三焦失去统御，四肢失去联系，身体消瘦，唯独足部肿大，汗出黄色且小腿发冷。假如发热，就成为历节病。（“四属”，程林作“四肢”。这一条程林、魏荔彤接在下文乌头汤后作为一条，不对。）
〔徐〕这段论述饮食损伤阴分，导致营卫都痹阻。足肿、小腿发冷，类似历节，但应当通过是否发热来区别。说饮食既伤阴，然而五味各归其所喜之脏。正酸为肝之味，过酸则伤筋，筋用来约束骨骼并利于关节活动，受伤则松弛不收，肝气不收敛，所以名叫泄。咸为肾之味，过咸则伤肾，肾用来荣华头发并充实骨骼，受伤则髓竭精虚，肾气痿惫，所以名叫枯。肝肾是人体的根本。肾不荣养，肝不收敛，根销源断，所以叫断泄。饮食伤阴，营气先受之，于是营气不通。营卫本来相依，营受伤卫不能单独治理，拖延久了，营卫都微弱。三焦用来统领内气并充贯四肢，失去营卫的滋养就无所依靠作为统御。御者，摄也。四肢之气不相统摄而断绝。四属，就是四肢。元气既已疲敝，身体消瘦，足部尤其在下，阳气不及，所以肿大、小腿发冷。营中气郁，则发热而黄汗。然而这些都是阴分病，不是历节。历节挟带外来的湿邪，而且重且痛。只有外邪必发热，所以说假如发热，是表分也有邪气，从肌肉而经过关节，使之成为历节。
〔尤〕虚病不能发热，历节则没有不发热的，所以说假如发热，就成为历节。后文《水气篇》中又说：黄汗的病，两小腿自然发冷。假如发热，这属于历节。大概是即黄汗历节，而又加以辨别。
〔鉴〕“名曰断泄”的“泄”字，应当是“绝”字，才与下文相连接。必定是传写之误。
案：《平脉法》林亿注：“四属”指皮、肉、脂、髓。成无己注也相同。
病历历节，不可屈伸疼痛，用乌头汤主治。（《脉经》作“疼，痛不可屈伸”，是对的。）
〔沈〕这是寒湿历节的方子。经书说风寒湿三气合而为痹，这里风少寒湿居多，痹阻在筋脉关节肌肉之间，所以不可屈伸疼痛。这就是寒气胜者为痛痹。所以麻黄通阳出汗散邪，开泄痹着；乌头驱寒而燥湿；芍药收敛阴气之正；用蜂蜜润燥，兼制乌头的毒性；黄芪、甘草，固表培中，使痹着开而病自愈。说治疗脚气疼痛，也是风寒湿邪所致。
乌头汤方 治疗脚气疼痛不可屈节。（尤本“治”上有“亦”字，程林、《金鉴》删去“治”以下九字。案：这是后人添加的，现在依从它。）
麻黄 芍药 黄芪（各三两） 甘草（炙） 川乌（五枚，切碎，用蜜二升煎取一升，即取出乌头○案：甘草原本及赵本、程本、魏本、《金鉴》都缺少两数，俞、徐、沈、尤都说三两，不知何依据）
以上五味药，将前四味切碎，用水三升，煮取一升，去渣，纳入蜂蜜中煎煮，再煎一下。服七合，若无效，全部服下。
张氏《医通》说：乌头善于走入肝脏，驱逐风寒，所以筋脉拘急的人，必须用乌头治疗。然而用蜜煎，取其缓和药性，使之留连筋骨，以利屈伸。而且蜜的滋润，又可益血养筋，兼制乌头燥热之毒。《千金方》大枣汤，治疗历节疼痛。在本方基础上，去芍药、附子，加乌头、大枣、生姜。
矾石汤 治疗脚气冲心。（“冲”赵本作“冲”，程本、《金鉴》不载此方，直到篇末五方一并删除。）
矾石（二两○《杂疗方》作半斤）
以上一味药，用浆水一斗五升，煎煮三五沸，浸脚效果好。（此方在《杂疗救卒死篇》，无“浆”字。《千金翼方》浸下有“洗”字。）
〔尤〕脚气的病，湿邪伤于下部，而气冲于上部。矾石味酸涩性燥，能退水收湿解毒。毒解湿收，上冲自然停止。
案：《千金方》论脚气说：魏周时代，大概没有这个病，所以姚公《集验方》并不重视。徐王撰录，未以为意。《外台秘要》苏长史说：晋宋以前，名为缓风，古来无脚气之名。由此看来，此方也是宋以前人所附会，不是仲景原方，明矣。程林说凡是仲景方，经证在前而方在后，未有方在前而证在后的。固然如此。
附方
《古今录验》续命汤 治疗中风痱，身体不能自收持，口不能言，神志昏蒙不知痛处，或拘急不得转侧。（〔原注〕姚云与大续命汤同，兼治妇人产后失血者，以及老人小儿。○案：《外台》风痱门，载《古今录验》西州续命汤，即是。冒昧下，有不识人三字。《千金方》名大续命汤，而西州续命汤，主疗与此同，无人参有黄芩，分量也异。主疗与姚氏同。）
麻黄 桂枝 当归 人参 石膏 干姜 甘草（各三两） 川芎 杏仁（四十枚 《千金方》用川芎三两，《外台》麻黄三两，川芎一两，其余各二两，杏仁与本方同，俞本川芎一两五钱，不对）
以上九味药，用水一斗，煮取四升，温服一升，应当小汗，薄盖脊背，凭几而坐，汗出则愈，不汗再服，无所禁忌。勿当风。并治疗只能伏卧不能仰卧，咳嗽气逆，面目浮肿。（“浮”，《外台》作“洪”。）
〔沈〕《灵枢》说：痱之为病，身无痛者，四肢不收，智乱不甚，其言微，甚则不能言，不可治。所以后人仿此而出方。
〔尤〕痱，就是废。精神不持守，筋骨不用力，不仅是邪气扰乱，也是真气衰败。麻黄、桂枝，用来散邪；人参、当归，用来养正；石膏合杏仁，助散邪之力；甘草合干姜，为恢复元气的需要。这是攻补兼行的方法。
案：汉贾谊传云：辟者一面病，痱者一方病。师古注：辟是足病，痱是风病。《圣济总录》云：痱，字书病痱而发，肉非其肉者，以身体无痛，四肢不收，而无所用也。楼氏《纲目》云：痱，废也。痱，即偏枯之邪气深者，以其半身无气营运，故名偏枯。以其手足废而不收，或名痱，或偏废，或全废，皆曰痱也。知道痱，就是中风的别称。《脉解篇》喑俳，即喑痱也。徐忠可说痱是痹的别名，此说本于喻氏《法律》，尤在泾错了。《外台》本方煎法后云：范汪方，主病及用水升数，煮取多少，并同。汪说：是仲景方，本欠两味。汪是东晋人，而其言如此，正知此亦仲景旧方，原本失载，宋臣因而附之也。
虞氏《医学正传》云：《金匮要略》本方，有石膏、当归，无附子、防风、防己。愚案：本方，石膏、当归，固不可无，而附子、防风、防己，尤不可缺。这恐怕是传写者脱简。简案：续命汤，《千金方》、《外台》所载，凡数十方，唯《外台》风身体手足不随门，《古今录验》小续命汤方中，附子、石膏并用。虞氏之言，不可从。
王氏《古方选注》云：《古今录验》者，其方录于竹简，从古至汉，始刊于《金匮》附方中。续命者，有却病延年之功。案：《十六国春秋》有卢循，遗刘裕益智粽，裕乃答以续命汤。又欧阳修有细为续命丝之句，可征二字之谓延年矣。
《千金方》三黄汤 治疗中风手足拘急，百节疼痛，烦热心乱，恶寒经日，不欲饮食。（《千金方》贼风门云：仲景三黄汤，拘急，作拘挛。○《三因方》云：兼治贼风，偏风，猥退风，半身不遂，失喑不言。）
麻黄（五分） 独活（四分） 细辛（二分） 黄芪（二分） 黄芩（三分）
以上五味药，用水六升，煮取二升，分温三服。一服小汗，二服大汗。心热加大黄二分，腹满加枳实一枚，气逆加人参三分，悸加牡蛎三分，渴加栝蒌根三分，先有寒加附子一枚。（心热，《千金方》作心中热。《千金翼方》一枚下，有此仲景方，神秘不传，八字。）
〔魏〕这也是中风正治，而稍为变通的。以独活代桂枝，是为风入之深者设；以细辛代干姜，是为邪入于经者设；以黄芪补虚，以熄风；以黄芩代石膏，清热，是为湿郁于下，热甚于上者设。心热加大黄，以泄热；腹满加枳实，以开郁行气；气逆加人参，以补中益胃；悸加牡蛎，防水邪；渴加栝蒌根，以肃肺生津除热。大约是为虚而有热者言治。先有寒，即素有寒也。素有寒则无热可知，纵有热，亦内真寒外假热而已。云加附子，则方中之黄芩，亦应斟酌矣。此又为虚而有寒者言治。
《近效方》术附汤 治疗风虚头重眩苦极，不知食味，暖肌补中，益精气。（《外台》此下，载甘草附子汤，主疗风湿相搏，骨节疼痛，云云，三十余字。）
以上三味药，锉碎，每五钱匕，姜五片，枣一枚，水盏半，煎七分，去滓温服。
〔徐〕肾气空虚，风邪乘之，漫无出路，风挟肾中浊阴之气，厥逆上攻，致头中眩苦至极。兼以胃气亦虚，不知食味。此非轻扬风剂可愈，故用附子暖其水脏，白术、甘草，暖其土脏。水土一暖，犹之冬月井中，水土既暖，阳和之气，可以立复，而浊阴之气，不驱自下矣。
案：《外台》风头眩门，所载《近效》白术附子汤，有桂枝而无生姜大枣。上四味，切以水六升，煮取三升，分为三服，日三。初服得微汗，即解。能食复烦者，将服五合以上愈。此本仲景《伤寒论》方，即是甘草附子汤也。而此所载，去桂加术附子汤，且煎法及分两，宋人所改，不知何以差谬如此。盖孙奇等失之不检也。
干地黄（八两） 山茱萸 薯蓣（各四两） 泽泻 茯苓 牡丹皮（各三两） 桂枝 附子（炮各一两）
以上八味药，捣末，炼蜜和丸梧子大，酒下十五丸，每日两次服用。
〔尤〕肾之脉起于足，而入于腹。肾气不治，湿寒之气，随经上入，聚于少腹，为之不仁。是非驱湿散寒之剂，所可治者，须以肾气丸，补肾中之气，以为生阳化湿之用也。
案：《外台》脚气不随门，载崔氏方，凡五条。第四条云：若脚气上入少腹，少腹不仁，即服张仲景八味丸。方用泽泻四两，附子二两，桂枝三两，山茱萸五两，余并同于本书。《旧唐书·经籍志》，崔氏《纂要方》十卷，崔知悌撰。（《新唐书·艺文志》，崔行功撰。）所谓崔氏其人也。不知者或以为仲景收录崔氏之方，故详及之。
《千金方》越婢加术汤 治疗肉极，热则身体津脱，腠理开汗大泄，厉风气，下焦脚弱。
麻黄（六两） 石膏（半斤） 生姜（二两） 甘草（二两） 白术（四两） 大枣（十五枚）
以上六味药，用水六升，先煮麻黄，去上沫，纳诸药，煮取三升，分温三服。恶风，加附子一枚炮。
案：徐、沈以厉风为癞，甚误矣。《外台》引《删繁肉极论》曰：凡肉极者，主脾也。脾应肉，肉与脾合，若脾病则肉变色，云云。脾风之状，多汗阴动伤寒，寒则虚，虚则体重怠惰，四肢不欲举，不欲饮食，食则咳，咳则右胁下痛，隐隐引肩背，不可以动转，名曰厉风，是也。又案：《千金方》肉极门，不见方云，方见七卷中，而今考之七卷中，脚气门所载，越婢汤，有附子，故《外台》肉极门，引《千金》，亦有附子。煎法后云：一名起脾汤，而脚气门越婢汤方后注云：此仲景方，本云，越婢加术汤，又无附子。胡洽云：若恶风者，加附子一枚，多冷痰者，加白术。盖孙奇等，彼是凑合所录，故与《外台》有少异焉。
Joint pain, inability to flex or extend. Observing these three clauses together: sweating and then entering water indicates heat constrained by dampness; wind and blood fighting each other indicates blood being stirred by wind pathogen; sweating after drinking alcohol and exposing oneself to wind indicates wind and dampness combining. Although the etiology of Lijie disease (intermittent joint syndrome) differs in these three aspects, their root lies in deficiency, which is consistent.
Pain in various joints, emaciation of the body, swelling of the feet as if detached, dizziness, shortness of breath, and a sensation of nausea wanting to vomit. Treat with Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Tang (Cinnamon Twig, Peony, and Anemarrhena Decoction). ("HT" character: Zhao's edition, Shen's *Shenshi Zunsheng Shu*, and *Yizong Jinjian* write "shou" (thin); Wei writes "HT". Note: It should be written as "shou" (thin). *Maijing* writes "luo" (scrofula), which is incorrect.)
[Wei] Damp-heat resides in the body, and wind pathogen takes advantage of this weakness, thus forming Lijie disease. The pulling pain feels as if detached, extremely unbearable. When dampness is excessive above, it transforms into heat; when heat is excessive, it draws out wind; when wind is excessive, it consumes Qi and rushes upward to the chest. Dizziness, shortness of breath, and nausea are all caused by the combination of wind, heat, and damp pathogens. The treatment uses Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Tang (Cinnamon Twig, Peony, and Anemarrhena Decoction): the acrid-warm nature of Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root), Mahuang (Ephedra Herb), and Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) treats wind and dampness; the sweet-neutral nature of Baizhu (Atractylodes Rhizome) and Gancao (Licorice Root) tonifies the Middle Jiao; the sour-cold and bitter-cold nature of Shaoyao (Peony Root) and Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome) generates blood and clears heat. This is a method to eliminate wind, damp, and heat simultaneously. Aconite (Fuzi) is added to drive dampness from the meridians, assisting Mahuang and Guizhi in expulsion, not primarily for warming the meridians. Moreover, this formula is a general treatment for wind-damp-heat, not specifically designed for thin individuals. Fat people often have internal Yang deficiency internally; without supporting their Yang Qi, pathogens invading the sinews and bones are difficult to expel easily. Using Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root) for fat people is particularly appropriate. Do not reject its acrid-warm nature claiming it cannot treat blood deficiency with internal heat. Thin people have Yin deficiency with excessive fire; increasing Shaoyao and decreasing Fuzi allows for flexible modification.
Note: Lijie (Intermittent Joint Syndrome) corresponds to Xingbi (Wandering Bi) and Tongbi (Painful Bi) mentioned in the *Bi Lun*. Later generations called it Tongfeng (Gout). (Danxi had a *Tongfeng Lun* [Treatise on Gout], seen in *Gezhi Yulun*, indicating this term originated from the Yuan dynasty onwards.) *Sanyin Fang* calls it Baihu Lijiefeng (White Tiger Intermittent Joint Wind). (Baihu Bing [White Tiger Disease] appears in *Waitai*, citing *Jinxiao*: "This disease is quiet during the day but erupts at night; upon eruption, marrow ache penetrates deeply; it pauses briefly, then returns like a tiger biting." Thus it is called Baihu Bing. This is Lijiefeng; treating it as a separate condition is likely incorrect.) Generally, Cold, Wind, and Dampness mix and combine to cause the disease. Prolonged pain leads to excess pathogen and deficient Zheng Qi, resulting in emaciation. Bi Qi sinking downward causes foot swelling as if detached; rising upward causes dizziness and shortness of breath; disturbing the Stomach causes nausea. Since exterior and interior, upper and lower are all blocked, the treatment also combines various methods. Guizhi, Mahuang, and Fangfeng release the exterior and move Bi; Gancao and Shengjiang harmonize the Stomach and regulate the Middle; Shaoyao and Zhimu nourish Yin and clear heat; Fuzi (used at half the dose of Zhimu) promotes Yang and dispels cold; Baizhu combined with Guizhi and Mahuang dispels dampness in both exterior and interior; using more Shengjiang utilizes its acrid-warm nature to promote the circulation of all herbs. This intention is similar to Yueshabi Jia Zhu Tang (Ma Huang Decoction plus Atractylodes Macrocephala and Aconite). Shen's assertion that Spleen, Stomach, Liver, and Kidney are all deficient is incorrect. "Wenwen" (nauseous sensation) was changed to "yun" (warm/annoyed) in *Jinjian*, which is not necessarily correct. (See detailed discussion in *Shanghan Lun* commentary.)
Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Tang Formula
Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) (4 liang), Shaoyao (Peony Root) (3 liang), Gancao (Licorice Root) (2 liang), Mahuang (Ephedra Herb) (2 liang), Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) (5 liang), Baizhu (Atractylodes Rhizome) (5 liang), Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome) (4 liang), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root) (4 liang), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root, processed) (2 liang; Zhao's edition says 1 piece).
Nine ingredients. Use 7 sheng of water, decoct to obtain 2 sheng. Take 7 he warm, three times daily. (Note: In *Qianjin Fang* and *Waitai*, Fangfeng Tang uses 7 sheng of water, sometimes 1 dou; decocts to 2 sheng, sometimes 3 sheng.)
*Waitai* cites *Gujin Luyàn* Fangfeng Tang, treating body and limb joints feeling loose, pain as if falling off with swelling, tight skin upon pressure, dizziness, shortness of breath, and mental distress with nausea. This is the above formula minus Mahuang.
*Qianjin Fang* Fangfeng Tang has the same indications as *Waitai*. Compared to the base formula, it lacks Mahuang and Fuzi, but contains Banxia (Pinellia Tuber), Xingren (Apricot Seed), and Xiongchu (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome).
Acid taste damages sinews; damaged sinews become lax, named "Xie" (Leakage). Salty taste damages bones; damaged bones become flaccid, named "Ku" (Withering). Withering and leakage interacting is named "Duanxie" (Severance). Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) becomes obstructed, Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) cannot circulate alone; both Ying and Wei become weak. The Sanjiao (Triple Burner) loses control; the four extremities lose connection. The body becomes emaciated, while only the feet swell. Yellow sweat with cold calves occurs. If fever is present, it becomes Lijie disease. ("Four Belongings": Cheng Lin interprets as four limbs. This clause connects to the following Utou Tang in Cheng and Wei's editions, which is incorrect.)
[Xu] This discusses how diet damages Yin, causing both Ying and Wei to become bi-obstructed. Foot swelling and cold calves resemble Lijie, but must be distinguished by the presence of fever. Diet damages Yin, and flavors enter their respective organs. Sour enters Liver; excessive sour damages sinews. Sinews bind bones and facilitate joints; damage causes laxity, Liver Qi fails to consolidate, hence "Xie". Salty enters Kidney; excessive salty damages Kidney. Kidney manifests in hair and fills bones; damage causes marrow depletion and essence deficiency, Kidney Qi becomes flaccid, hence "Ku". Liver and Kidney are the root of humanity. If Kidney does not nourish and Liver does not consolidate, the source is cut off, hence "Duanxie". Diet damages Yin, affecting Ying Qi first, leading to obstruction. Ying and Wei rely on each other; Ying damage affects Wei. Over time, both weaken. Sanjiao leads internal Qi and fills limbs; losing Ying/Wei nourishment, it loses its support. "Yu" means control. The Qi of the four extremities loses control and severs. Four Belongings refer to four limbs. Yuan Qi is exhausted, body emaciates. Feet are lowest, lacking Yang Qi, thus swelling and calf coldness. Stagnation in Ying Qi causes heat and yellow sweat. These are Yin branch diseases, not Lijie. Lijie involves external dampness, heavy and painful. Only external pathogens cause fever; thus, "if fever, it implies exterior pathogen moving from muscle to joints, becoming Lijie."
[You] Deficiency diseases do not typically cause fever; Lijie always involves heat. Hence, "if fever, it is Lijie." Later in the *Water Qi Chapter*: "In Huanghan (Yellow Sweat) disease, calves are naturally cold. If fever occurs, it belongs to Lijie." This distinguishes between Huanghan and Lijie.
[Jian] The character "Xie" in "named Duanxie" should be "Jue" (Severance) to connect with the following text. It is likely a transcription error.
Note: Lin Yi's annotation on *Ping Mai Fa* states "Four Belongings" refers to skin, flesh, fat, and marrow. Cheng Wuji agrees.
When suffering from Lijie, unable to flex/extend and painful, treat with Wutou Tang (Aconite Decoction). (*Maijing* reads "pain, unable to flex/extend," which is correct.)
[Shen] This is the formula for Cold-Damp Lijie. Classics state Cold, Wind, and Damp combine to form Bi. Here, Wind is less, Cold-Damp is predominant, blocking sinews, joints, and muscles, causing inability to flex/extend and pain. This is Tongbi where Cold is dominant. Mahuang promotes Yang, induces sweating, disperses pathogen, and opens Bi stagnation; Wutou (Aconite) drives out Cold and dries Damp; Shaoyao preserves Yin; Honey moistens dryness and moderates Wutou's toxicity; Huangqi (Astragalus Root) and Gancao secure the exterior and cultivate the Middle, allowing Bi to open and disease to heal. Treating Jiaoxi (Foot Qi/Gout) pain is also due to Wind-Cold-Damp.
Wutou Tang Formula: Treats Jiaoxi pain with inability to flex joints. (You's edition adds "also" before "treat"; Cheng/Jian delete nine characters after "treat". Note: Added by later scholars; we follow them.)
Mahuang (Ephedra Herb), Shaoyao (Peony Root), Huangqi (Astragalus Root) (3 liang each), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried), Chuanwu (Sichuan Aconite Carposperm) (5 pieces, crushed, decocted with 2 sheng honey to yield 1 sheng, then remove Wutou ○ Note: Original text and Zhao/Cheng/Wei/Jian lack dosage for Gancao; Yu/Xu/Shen/You say 3 liang, basis unknown).
Five ingredients. Crush four ingredients (excluding Wutou initially?), use 3 sheng water, decoct to 1 sheng, remove dregs, add honey, decoct again. Take 7 he. If no effect, take all.
Zhang Shi's *Yitong* states: Wutou enters Liver, expels Wind-Cold, essential for stiff sinews. Honey decoction slows its action, keeping it in sinews/bones to aid movement. Honey also nourishes blood/sinews and moderates Wutou's dry-heat toxicity. *Qianjin* Dazao Tang treats Lijie pain: Base formula minus Shaoyao/Fuzi, plus Wutou/Dazao/Shengjiang.
Fanshi Tang: Treats Jiaoxi rushing to Heart. (Zhao writes "chong"; Cheng/Jian omit this formula, deleting it at the end.)
Fanshi (Alum Stone) (2 liang; *Zaliao Fang* says 8 liang).
One ingredient. Use 1 dou 5 sheng of Jiangshui (fermented grain liquid), boil 3-5 times, soak feet. (This formula is in *Zaliao Jiuzusi Pian*, lacks "Jiang"; *Qianjin Yi* adds "wash" after soak.)
[You] Jiaoxi disease: Dampness injures lower body, Qi rushes upward. Fanshi is sour/astringent/dry, repels water, absorbs dampness, resolves toxicity. Once toxin resolved and damp absorbed, upward rush stops.
Note: *Qianjin* discusses Jiaoxi: Wei/Zhou eras likely lacked this disease, so Yao Gong's *Jiyuan* ignored it. Xu Wang didn't prioritize it. *Waitai* cites Su Changshi: Pre-Jin/Song, called "Huanfeng" (Slow Wind); ancient texts have no "Jiaoxi" name. Thus, this formula is likely pre-Song addition, not Zhang Zhongjing's original. Cheng Lin argues Zhang's formulas always have indication before formula; however, this case contradicts that.
Attached Formulas
*Gujin Luyàn* Xuming Tang: Treats Stroke Fei (Paralysis), body cannot self-control, speech loss, confusion/unaware of pain, or stiffness preventing turning. (Original note: Yao says same as Da Xuming, also treats postpartum blood loss, elderly, children. ○ Note: *Waitai* Fengfei section lists *Gujin Luyàn* Xizhou Xuming Tang, which is this. "Confusion" includes "cannot recognize people". *Qianjin* names it Da Xuming; Xizhou Xuming has same indications but lacks Renshen, has Huangqin, different dosages. Yao matches.)
Mahuang (Ephedra Herb), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Root), Renshen (Ginseng Root), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), Gancao (Licorice Root) (3 liang each), Xiongchu (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome), Xingren (Apricot Seed) (40 seeds. *Qianjin* uses Xiongchu 3 liang; *Waitai* Mahuang 3 liang, Xiongchu 1 liang, others 2 liang, Xingren same as here. Yu's edition Xiongchu 1.5 qian, incorrect).
Nine ingredients. Use 1 dou water, decoct to 4 sheng. Warm take 1 sheng. Expect slight sweating. Cover back lightly, sit leaning on table. Sweating cures. If not, repeat. No restrictions. Avoid wind. Also treats inability to lie flat, cough/wheezing, facial/eye edema. ("Edema", *Waitai* writes "Hong".)
[Shen] *Ling Shu* states: Fei disease, no body pain, limbs unresponsive, mild mental confusion, faint speech, severe speech loss, untreatable. Later generations created formulas based on this.
[You] Fei means waste. Spirit unsupported, sinews/bones useless. Not just pathogen disturbance, but True Qi decline. Mahuang/Guizhi disperse pathogen; Renshen/Danggui nourish Zheng Qi; Shigao/Xingren assist dispersion; Gancao/Ganjiang restore Qi. This is simultaneous attack and tonification.
Note: Han Dynasty Jia Yi's biography: Pi is one-sided illness, Fei is one-sided illness. Shigu notes: Pi is foot disease, Fei is wind disease. *Shengji Zonglu*: Fei, word book says disease Fei develops, flesh not proper flesh, because body painless, limbs unresponsive, useless. Lou's *Gangmu*: Fei means waste. Fei is deep-seated Xie of Pianku (hemiplegia), half-body no Qi operation, hence Pianku. Limbs waste/unresponsive, named Fei, Pianfei, or Quanfei, all called Fei. Fei is synonymous with Stroke. *Maijie Pian* Yanpai is Yanfei. Xu claims Fei is alias for Bi, based on Yu's *Falü*, You Jing is wrong. *Waitai* post-decoction note: Fan Wang's formula matches water/decoction amounts. Wang says it's Zhang Zhongjing's formula, originally missing two ingredients. Wang was Eastern Jin, confirming this is an old Zhang formula lost in original text, attached by Song scholars.
Yu Shi's *Yixue Zhengzhuan* says: *Jinkui Yaolue* formula has Shigao/Danggui, lacks Fuzi/Fangfeng/Fangji. My analysis: Shigao/Danggui are necessary; Fuzi/Fangfeng/Fangji are even more indispensable. Likely missing bamboo slips in transmission. Note: *Qianjin*/*Waitai* list dozens of Xuming Tang variants. Only *Waitai* Fengshenti Shouzoubusu section, *Gujin Luyàn* Xiao Xuming Tang uses Fuzi/Shigao together. Yu's view is invalid.
Wang Shi's *Gufang Xuanzhu* says: *Gujin Luyàn* recorded on bamboo slips, published in *Jinkui* attached formulas. Xuming means extending life. *Sixteen Kingdoms Spring/Autumn*: Lu Xun gave Liu Yu益智粽 (Yizhi Zongzi), Liu replied with Xuming Tang. Ouyang Xiu wrote "fine silk for extending life". Confirms meaning of extending life.
*Qianjin Fang* Sanhuang Tang: Treats Stroke with limb stiffness, joint pain, vexation/heart chaos, chills for days, loss of appetite. (*Qianjin* Zeifeng section: Zhongjing Sanhuang Tang, stiffness written as spasm. ○ *Sanyin* says: also treats Zeifeng, Pianfeng, Weituifeng, hemiplegia, aphasia.)
Mahuang (Ephedra Herb) (5 fen), Duhuo (Angelica Pubescens Root) (4 fen), Xixin (Asarum Root) (2 fen), Huangqi (Astragalus Root) (2 fen), Huangqin (Scutellaria Root) (3 fen).
Five ingredients. Use 6 sheng water, decoct to 2 sheng. Divide into 3 warm doses. First dose slight sweat, second heavy sweat. Heart heat: add Dahuang (Rhubarb Root) 2 fen. Abdominal fullness: add Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange) 1 piece. Qi rebellion: add Renshen (Ginseng Root) 3 fen. Palpitations: add Muli (Oyster Shell) 3 fen. Thirst: add Gualougen (Trichosanthes Root) 3 fen. Pre-existing cold: add Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root) 1 piece. (Heart heat, *Qianjin* writes "Middle Heat". *Qianjin Yi* after "one piece": "This Zhongjing formula, mysterious and untransmitted, eight characters.")
[Wei] This is standard Stroke treatment with modifications. Duhuo replaces Guizhi for deep Wind entry; Xixin replaces Ganjiang for pathogen entering meridians; Huangqi tonifies deficiency to extinguish Wind; Huangqin replaces Shigao to clear heat for damp below/heat above. Heart heat + Dahuang drains heat; Abdominal fullness + Zhishi opens stagnation/moves Qi; Qi rebellion + Renshen tonifies Middle/Stomach; Palpitations + Muli prevents Water pathogen; Thirst + Gualougen purifies Lung/generates fluids/clears heat. Generally for deficiency with heat. Pre-existing cold means chronic cold. Chronic cold implies no heat; any heat is false exterior heat with true interior cold. Adding Fuzi suggests caution with Huangqin. This addresses deficiency with cold.
*Jinxiao Fang* Zhufu Tang: Treats Wind-deficiency causing severe head heaviness/dizziness, loss of taste, warming muscles/tonifying Middle, benefiting Essence/Qi. (*Waitai* adds Gancao Fuzi Tang indications below: Wind-Damp binding, joint pain, etc., 30+ chars.)
Baizhu (Atractylodes Rhizome) (2 liang), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root, peeled, processed) (1.5 pieces), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried) (1 liang).
Three ingredients. Cut, take 5 qianbi per dose, 5 slices Ginger, 1 date, 1.5 cup water, decoct to 70%, remove dregs, warm take.
[Xu] Kidney Qi empty, Wind pathogen enters, no exit. Wind carries Kidney turbid Yin Qi, counterflows upward, causing severe dizziness. Stomach Qi also weak, loss of taste. Light aromatic Wind agents cannot cure. Use Fuzi to warm Water Organ (Kidney); Baizhu/Gancao warm Earth Organ (Spleen). Warm Water/Earth restores Yang Qi like winter well water warming, driving down turbid Yin.
Note: *Waitai* Toutouxuan section lists *Jinxiao* Baizhu Fuzi Tang with Guizhi but no Shengjiang/Dazao. Four ingredients, cut, 6 sheng water, decoct to 3 sheng, divide 3 doses, 3 times daily. Initial slight sweat resolves. If eating causes vexation, take >5 he to cure. This is originally Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun* formula, i.e., Gancao Fuzi Tang. The version here removes Guizhi, adds Baizhu/Fuzi. Dosage/decoction modified by Song scholars. Sun Qi et al. failed to check carefully.
Cui Shi Ba Wei Wan: Treats Jiaoxi ascending, Renmin (insensitivity) in Lower Abdomen.
Gandi Huang (Rehmannia Root) (8 liang), Shanzhuyu (Cornus Fruit), Shuyu (Dioscorea Rhizome) (4 liang each), Zexie (Alisma Rhizome), Fuling (Poria), Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex) (3 liang each), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root, processed) (1 liang each).
Eight ingredients. Powder, mix with refined honey, make pills size of wugzi (walnut seed). Take 15 pills with wine, twice daily.
[You] Kidney meridian starts at foot, enters abdomen. Kidney Qi disorder allows Cold-Damp to ascend along meridian, gathering in Lower Abdomen causing insensitivity. Not treated by simple damp-dispelling/cold-expelling agents. Must use Shengyang Huashi (Generate Yang Transform Damp) via Kidney Qi Pill (Shenqi Wan) to tonify Kidney Qi.
Note: *Waitai* Jiaoxi Bushui section lists Cui Shi formulas, 5 items. Item 4: If Jiaoxi ascends to Lower Abdomen with insensitivity, take Zhang Zhongjing Ba Wei Wan. Formula: Zexie 4 liang, Fuzi 2 liang, Guizhi 3 liang, Shanzhuyu 5 liang, others same as book. *Old Tang History · Jingji Zhi*: Cui Shi *Zuoya Fang* 10 volumes, authored by Cui Zhiti. (*New Tang History · Yiwenzhi*: Cui Xinggong). This is the Cui Shi referred to. Some think Zhongjing included Cui Shi's formula, hence detailed.
*Qianjin Fang* Yueshabi Jia Zhu Tang: Treats Rouji (Muscle Extremity), heat causes fluid loss, pores open, heavy sweating, Lifeng (severe wind) pathogen, lower Jiao leg weakness.
Mahuang (Ephedra Herb) (6 liang), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (0.5 jin), Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) (2 liang), Gancao (Licorice Root) (2 liang), Baizhu (Atractylodes Rhizome) (4 liang), Dazao (Jujube Fruit) (15 pieces).
Six ingredients. Use 6 sheng water, decoct Mahuang first, remove foam, add others, decoct to 3 sheng. Divide 3 warm doses. Fear of wind: add Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root) 1 piece, processed.
Note: Xu/Shen interpret Lifeng as Leprosy, very mistaken. *Waitai* cites *Shanfan Rouji Lun*: Rouji relates to Spleen. Spleen governs flesh. Spleen disease changes flesh color... Spleen Wind symptoms: heavy sweating, genital movement, cold injury, cold causes deficiency, deficiency causes heavy body/laziness, limbs unwilling to lift, loss of appetite, cough after eating, right hypochondriac pain radiating to shoulder/back, immobility, named Lifeng. This is it. Also, *Qianjin* Rouji section doesn't show formula, says see Vol 7. Checking Vol 7, Jiaoxi section Yueshabi Tang has Fuzi, so *Waitai* Rouji section citing *Qianjin* also has Fuzi. Post-decoction note: Named Qipi Tang. Jiaoxi section Yueshabi Tang note: This is Zhongjing formula, originally Yueshabi Jia Zhu Tang, no Fuzi. Hu Qia says: If fear of wind, add Fuzi 1 piece; if much cold phlegm, add Baizhu. Sun Qi et al. compiled mixed sources, hence slight differences with *Waitai*.