寒凝而不散。遇卫气行阳二十五度。而病发。其邪之入营者。既无外出之热。而营之素痹者。亦不出而与阳
争。所以多寒少热。或但寒不热也。小柴胡。本阴阳两停之方。寒多故加桂枝干姜。
则进而从阳。痹着之邪。可以开矣。更加牡蛎。以软其坚垒。
则阴阳豁然贯通。而大汗解矣。所以云一剂如神。（案栝蒌根除留热。徐氏不释者何。）
案此方。外台疟门无所考。本出于伤寒太阳中篇。
医通云。小柴胡汤。本阴阳两停之方。可随疟之进退。
加桂枝干姜。则进而从阳。若加栝蒌石膏。则退而从阴。可类推矣。
夫风之为病。当半身不遂。或但臂不遂者。此为痹。脉微而数。中风使然。
〔鉴〕风病。内经论之详矣。但往往与痹合论。后人惑之。
故仲景复言之曰。风之为病。当半身不遂。即经所谓偏枯也。或但臂不遂者。非中风也。即痹病也。盖痹为
阴病。脉多沉涩。风为阳病。脉多浮缓。今脉微而数。中风使然。其脉微者正气虚也。数者。邪气胜也。故
病风中之人。因虚而召风者。未有不见微弱之脉者也。因热而生风者。未有不见数急之脉者也。
〔沈〕此
分中风与痹也。风之为病。非伤于卫。即侵于荣。故当半身不遂。谓半身之气伤而不用也。若但臂不
遂。此为痹。痹者闭也。谓一节之气闭而不仁也。于是诊之于脉。必微而数。微者阳之微也。数者风之数也。
此中风使然。谓风乘虚入。而后使半身不遂也。
〔尤〕风彻于上下。故半身不遂。痹闭于一处。故但臂不遂。
以此见风重而痹轻。风动而痹着也。风从虚入。故脉微。风发而成热。故脉数。
曰中风使然者。谓痹病亦是风病。但以在阳者则为风。而在阴者则为痹耳。
案字汇。遂。从志也。不遂。即不从志之谓。
案脉微而数可疑。今验风病。多脉浮大而滑。而或数或不数。
医通云。此即内经风论。所谓各入其门户。所中者之一
证也。千金补金匮之不逮。立附子散。治中风手臂不仁。口面 僻。专以开痹舒筋为务也。（方附于下。）
千金附子散
附子（炮） 桂心（各五两） 细辛 防风 人参 干姜（各六两） 上
六味。捣下筛。酒服方寸匕。日三。稍增之。
寸口。脉浮而紧。紧则为寒。浮则为虚。寒虚相搏。邪在皮肤。浮者血虚。络脉空虚。贼邪不泻。或左或
右。邪气反缓。正气即急。正气引邪。 僻不遂。邪在于络。肌肤不仁。邪在于经。即重不胜。邪入于腑。即
不识人。邪入于脏。舌即难言。口吐涎。（脉经。作淤涎。案以上四字句。此似是。）
〔尤〕寒虚相搏者。正不足而邪乘之。为风寒初感之诊也。浮为血虚者。气行脉外而血行脉中。脉浮者沉
不足。为血虚也。血虚则无以充灌皮肤。而络脉空虚。并无以捍御外气。而贼邪不泻。由是或左或右。随其空
处而留着矣。邪气反缓。正气即急者。受邪之处。筋脉不用而缓。无邪之处。正气独治而急。缓者为急者所
引。则口目为僻。而肢体不遂。是以左 者。邪反在右。右 者。邪反在左。然或左或右。则有
邪正缓急之殊。而为表为里。亦有经络脏腑之别。经云经脉为里。支而横者为络。络之小者为孙。是则络浅
而经深。络小而经大。故络邪病于肌肤。而经邪病连筋骨。甚而入腑。又甚而入脏。则邪递深矣。盖神藏
于脏。而通于腑。腑病则神窒于内。故不识人。诸阴皆连舌本。脏气厥不至舌下。则机息于上。故舌难言。
而涎自出也。
〔沈〕 僻者。邪犯阳明少阳经络。口眼歪斜是也。不遂者。半身手足不用也。周身
之络。皆在肌肉皮肤之间。风邪痹于络脉。气血不行则为不仁。羁持经气。不能周行通畅。则重不胜。邪入于
腑。堵塞胸间。神机不能出入鉴照。则不识人。入于五脏。并凑于心。脏真不能溉灌于舌。舌即难言。
〔魏〕 僻不遂。口 眼僻。心有所使。而能给。则心遂。今举手。手不应。举足。足不应。故谓之不遂也。
〔程〕不识人者。经所谓 昧暴喑。此邪入腑。则 昧不识人。入脏。则舌难言。而为喑矣。舌难言。
则唇吻不收。而涎下也。
案 僻不遂。内经。所谓偏风偏枯。巢源。有风口 候。又有风偏枯。风身体手足不随。风半身不随等
候。即外台以降所谓瘫痪风也。肌肤不仁。巢源。有风不仁候云。其状搔之皮肤如隔衣。是也。重不胜。巢
源。有风 腿候云。四肢不收。身体疼痛。肌肉虚满。骨节懈怠。腰脚缓弱。不自觉
知。又有风 曳候云。筋肉懈惰。肢体弛缓不收摄。盖此之类也。不识人。内经。所谓击仆。巢源。有风 候
云。其状奄忽不知人。喉里噫噫然有声。即卒中急风是也。（详见于医说刘子仪论。）舌难言。内经。所谓喑
痱。巢源。有风舌强不得语候云。脾脉络胃夹咽。连舌本散舌下。心之别脉。系舌本。今
心脾二脏受风邪。故舌强不得语也。由以上数义观之。正知此条。乃是中风诸证之一大纲领也。张璐则以侯
氏黑散主之。误甚。
侯氏黑散 治大风四肢烦重。心中恶寒不足者。（〔原注〕外台治风癫。）
菊花（四十分） 白术（十分） 细辛（三分） 茯苓（三分） 牡蛎（三分） 桔梗
（八分） 防风（十分） 人参（三分） 矾石（三分） 黄芩（五分） 当归（三分） 干姜
（三分） 芎 （三分） 桂枝（三分）
上十四味。杵为散。酒服方寸匕。日一服。初服二十日。温酒调服。禁一切鱼肉大蒜。常宜冷食。六十
日止。即药积在腹中不下也。热食即下矣。冷食曰能助药力。（六十日止即药积七
字。赵本作自能助药力五字。非。食下。曰字。赵本作自。是。）
〔徐〕大风。概指涎 卒倒之后也。
〔沈〕直侵肌肉脏腑。故为大风。邪困于脾。则四肢烦重。阳气
虚而风未化热。则心中恶寒不足。故用参术茯苓。健脾安土。同干姜温中补气。以菊花防风。能驱表里之风。
芎宣血养血为助。桂枝导引诸药。而开痹着。以矾石化痰除湿。牡蛎收阴养正。桔梗开提邪气。而使大气得
转。风邪得去。黄芩专清风化之热。细辛祛风。而通心肾之气相交。以酒引群药。至周身经络为使也。
案此方主疗文法。与前后诸条异。先揭方名。而后治云云者。全似后世经方之例。故程氏尤氏金
鉴并云。宋人所附。
然巢源。寒食散发候云。仲景经有侯氏黑散。外台风癫门。载本方。引古今录验。无桔梗。有钟乳矾石。方
后云。张仲景此方。更有桔梗八分。无钟乳矾石。乃知此方隋唐之人。以为仲景方。则非宋人所附较然矣。
又案根据外台。方中有矾石钟乳。而后方云。冷食自能助药力。后人因谓仲景始制五石散。信乎。
寸口脉迟而缓。迟则为寒。缓则为虚。营缓则为亡血。卫缓则为中风。邪气中经。则身痒而瘾疹。
心气不足。邪气入中。则胸满而短气。（中经。沈本作入经。）
〔尤〕迟者行之不及。缓者至而无力。不及为寒。而无力为虚也。沉而缓者为营不足。浮而缓者为卫
中风。卫在表而营在里也。经不足而风入之。血为风动。则身痒而瘾疹。心不足而风中之。阳用不布。则胸
满而短气。经行肌中。而心处胸间也。
〔沈〕营卫未致大虚。邪气不能内入。持于经络。风血相搏。风邪
主病。则发身痒瘾疹。邪机外出之征。若心气不足。正不御邪。进而扰乱于胸。大气不转。津液化为痰
涎。则胸满短气。盖贼风内入。最怕入心乘胃。而成死证。
案迟者数之反。缓者急之反。金鉴改迟作浮云。迟缓二脉。不能并见。必是传写之讹。此却非也。医方
集成云。有中之轻者。在皮肤之间。言语微蹇。眉角牵引。遍身疮癣。
状如虫行。目旋耳鸣。亦谓邪气中经也。
风引汤 除热瘫痫。
大黄 干姜 龙骨（各四两） 桂枝（三两） 甘草 牡蛎（各三两） 寒
水石 滑石 赤石脂 白石脂 紫石英 石膏（各六两）
上十二味。杵粗筛。以韦囊盛之。取三指撮。井花水三升。煮三沸。温服一升。（〔原注〕治大人风引。少小
惊痫。螈 日数十发。医所不疗。除热方。巢氏云。脚经宜风引汤。○案巢源。脚经候云。脉微而弱。宜服风引汤。）
〔尤〕此下热清热之剂。孙奇以中风多从热起。故特附于
此欤。中有姜桂石脂龙蛎者。盖以涩驭泄。以热监寒也。然亦猛剂。用者审之。
案此方。亦非宋人所附。外台风痫门引崔氏甚详。云。疗大人风引。少小惊痫螈 。日数十发。医所不
能疗。除热镇心。紫石汤。（方。与本方同。）上十二味。捣筛。盛以韦囊。置于高凉处。大人欲服。乃
取水二升。先煮两沸。便纳药方寸匕。又煮取一升二合。滤去滓。顿服之。少小未满百日。服一合。热多者。
日二三服。每以意消息之。永嘉二年。大人小儿。频行风痫之病。得发例不能言。或发热。半身掣缩。
或五六日。或七八日死。张思惟合此散。所疗皆愈。此本仲景伤寒论方。古今录验。范汪同。（千金风癫门。
紫石散。即本方。主疗服法并同。）由此观之。风引。即风痫掣引之谓。而为仲景之方甚
明。程氏尤氏辈亦何不考也。但除热瘫痫四字。义未允。刘氏幼幼新书。作除热去瘫痫。楼氏
纲目。作除热癫痫。（王氏准绳同。）其改瘫作癫。于理为得矣。
汪氏医方集解云。侯氏黑散风引汤。喻氏虽深赞之。亦未知其果当。以此治风而获实验乎。抑亦门外
之揣摩云尔也。
防己地黄汤 治病如狂状。妄行独语不休。无寒热。其脉浮。
防己（一分） 桂枝（三分） 防风（三分） 甘草（一分○赵本。分并作钱。非。）
上四味。以酒一杯。渍之一宿。绞取汁。生地黄二斤。
咀蒸之。如斗米饭久。以铜器盛其汁。更绞地黄汁。和分再服。
〔尤〕赵氏云。狂走谵语。身热脉大者。属阳明也。此无寒热。其脉浮者。乃血虚生热。邪并于阳
而然。桂枝防风防己甘草。酒浸取汁。用是轻清。归之于阳。以散其邪。用
生地黄之甘寒。熟蒸使归于阴。以养血除热。盖药生则散表。熟则补衰。此煎煮法。亦表里法也。
兰台轨范云。此方他药轻。而生地独重。乃治血中之风也。此等法最宜细玩。
案此方程氏金鉴。并不载。盖以为宋人所附也。未知果然否。千金风眩门所收。却似古之制。
今录于下以备考。
防己地黄汤 治言语狂错。眼目霍霍。或言见鬼。精神昏乱。
防己 甘草（各二两） 桂心 防风（各三两） 生地黄（五斤别切勿合药渍疾小轻用二斤）
上五味 咀。以水一升。渍一宿。绞汁着一面。取滓着竹箦上。以地黄。着药滓上。于五斗米下蒸之。
以铜器承取汁。饭熟。以向前药汁。合绞取之。分再服。
头风摩散方（千金。作头风散方。）
大附子（一枚炮○千金云中形者炮裂） 盐（等分○千金作如附子大）
上二味为散。沐了。以方寸匕。已摩 上。令药力行。（
已。徐沈作以。尤本无。 。赵本作疾。千金无已字。 作顶。）
案本草藏器云。盐去皮肤风。此方外台。引千金。程氏金鉴。并为宋人附方。是。
三因附子摩头散 治因沐头中风。多汗恶风。当先风一日而病甚。头痛不可以出。至日则少愈。名曰
首风。（即本方。）
寸口脉沉而弱。沉即主骨。弱即主筋。沉即为肾。弱即为肝。汗出入水中。如水伤心。历节黄
汗出。故曰历节。
〔程〕圣济总录曰。历节风者。由血气衰弱。为风寒所侵。血气凝涩。不得流通。关节诸筋。无以滋养。
真邪相搏。所历之节。悉皆疼痛。或昼静夜发。痛彻骨髓。谓之历节风也。
节之交三百六十五。十二筋。皆结于骨节之间。筋骨为肝肾
所主。今肝肾并虚。则脉沉弱。风邪乘虚。淫于骨节之间。致腠理疏。而汗易出。汗者心之液。汗出而入水
浴。则水气伤心。又从流于关节交会之处。风与湿相搏。故令历节黄汗。而疼痛也。
〔鉴〕赵良曰。肾主水。
骨与之合。故脉沉者病在骨也。肝藏血。筋与之合。血虚则脉弱。故病在筋也。心主汗。汗出入水。其汗为水
所阻。水汗相搏。聚以成湿。久变为热。湿热相蒸。是以历节发出黄汗也。
〔尤〕案后水气篇中云。黄汗之
病。以汗出入水中浴。水从汗孔入得之。合观二条。知历节黄汗。为同源异流之病。其瘀郁上焦者。则为黄
汗。其并伤筋骨者。则为历节也。
案寸口脉沉以下。止即为肝二十二字。脉经。移于下文
味酸则伤筋之首。文脉贯通。旨趣明显。盖古本当如是矣。
趺阳脉浮而滑。滑则谷气实。浮则汗自出。
〔沈〕此诊趺阳。则知胃家内湿招风为病也。趺阳脉浮。浮为风邪入胃。滑为水谷为病。此显脉浮而滑
者。乃素积酒谷湿热招风。为谷气实。然内湿外风相蒸。风热外越。津液
随之。故汗自出也。
〔程〕亦历节之脉。
少阴脉浮而弱。弱则血不足。浮则为风。风血相搏。即疼痛如掣。
〔程〕少阴肾脉也。胗在太溪。若脉浮而弱。弱则血虚。虚则邪从之。故令浮弱。风血相搏。则邪正交争
寒气凝滞而不能消散。当卫气在阳分运行二十五周时，疾病发作。那些侵入营分的邪气，既然没有向外透发的热象，而营分原本痹阻不通的部分，也不出来与阳气相争。所以表现为多寒少热，或者只有寒冷而没有发热的症状。小柴胡汤本是阴阳平衡的方剂。因为寒邪偏多，所以加入桂枝、干姜，使药力进而趋向于阳分。这样，痹阻留着的邪气就可以被开散。再加入牡蛎，以软化坚硬的结聚。于是阴阳豁然贯通，通过大汗而病解。所以说服用一剂药效果神奇。（按语：栝蒌根能清除残留的热邪，徐氏对此未作解释，这是为什么呢？）
案语：此方在《外台秘要》疟疾门中无法考证出处，它本出自《伤寒论·太阳篇》。《医宗金鉴》说：小柴胡汤本是阴阳两停（即阴阳平衡）的方剂，可以根据疟疾寒热进退的情况加减。如果加入桂枝、干姜，则药力进而在阳分；如果加入栝蒌、石膏，则药力退而在阴分。可以类推其他情况。
凡是风邪致病，应当出现半身不遂。如果只是手臂不能活动，这属于痹证。脉象微而数，这是中风所致。
〔尤在泾评注〕风病，《内经》论述得很详细了。但往往与痹证合并讨论，后人因此困惑。所以张仲景再次阐明说：风邪致病，应当出现半身不遂，这就是《内经》所说的“偏枯”。如果只是手臂不能活动，这不是中风，而是痹病。大概痹证属于阴病，脉象多沉涩；风证属于阳病，脉象多浮缓。现在脉象微而数，是中风造成的。脉微是因为正气虚弱，脉数是邪气亢盛。所以患风病的人，因虚招致风邪入侵的，没有不见微弱脉象的；因热而生风的，没有不见数急脉象的。
〔沈明宗评注〕这里区分了中风与痹证。风邪致病，不是伤及卫分，就是侵及营分，所以应当出现半身不遂，意思是半身的气血受伤而不能使用。如果只是手臂不能活动，这属于痹证。痹的意思是闭塞，意思是一节之气闭塞而不感觉知觉。于是诊察其脉象，必定是微而数。微是阳气微弱，数是风邪频数。这是中风所致，意思是风邪乘虚而入，随后导致半身不遂。
〔尤在泾评注〕风邪通达上下，所以半身不遂；痹证闭塞于一处，所以只是手臂不遂。由此可以看出风证重而痹证轻，风邪动而痹邪着。风邪从虚处侵入，所以脉微；风邪发作而成热，所以脉数。说“中风所致”，意思是痹病也是风病，只是在阳分的称为风，在阴分的称为痹罢了。
案语：《字汇》说，“遂”顺从意志的意思。“不遂”就是不顺从意志的意思。
案语：脉微而数这一说法值得怀疑。现在验证风病，多数脉象浮大而滑，有的数，有的不数。
《医通》说：这就是《内经·风论》所说的，风邪各入其门户，所中者的一种证候。《千金方》补充了《金匮要略》的不足，创立了附子散，治疗中风导致的手臂不仁、口眼歪斜，专门以开通痹阻、舒展筋脉为务。（方剂附在下面。）
千金附子散
附子（炮制） 桂心（各五两） 细辛 防风 人参 干姜（各六两）
以上六味药，捣碎过筛。用酒送服一方寸匕，每日三次，逐渐增加剂量。
寸口脉象浮而紧，紧脉主寒，浮脉主虚。寒邪与虚邪相互搏结，邪气在皮肤。浮脉表示血虚，络脉空虚，贼邪不能排出，或左或右，邪气所在之处筋脉反而弛缓，正气所在之处筋脉就紧急。正气牵引邪气，导致口眼歪斜、肢体不遂。邪气在络脉，肌肤麻木不仁；邪气在经脉，身体沉重难以抬举；邪气进入腑，就不认识人；邪气进入脏，舌头僵硬难以说话，口吐涎沫。（《脉经》写作“淤涎”。按语：以上四字句，这里似乎是正确的句式。）
〔尤在泾评注〕寒邪与虚邪相互搏结，是正气不足而邪气乘虚而入，这是风寒初感时的脉象。浮脉表示血虚，气行于脉外，血行于脉中，脉浮而沉取不足，是血虚的表现。血虚就不能充盈灌溉皮肤，导致络脉空虚，也没有力量抵御外邪，从而贼邪不能排出，于是或左或右，随着空虚之处而留滞。邪气所在之处筋脉不用而弛缓，无邪气之处，正气独治而紧急。弛缓的一侧被紧急的一侧牵引，就会导致口眼歪斜，肢体不遂。所以左侧瘫痪的，邪气反而在右侧；右侧瘫痪的，邪气反而在左侧。然而或左或右，有邪正缓急的不同，而为表为里，也有经络脏腑的区别。《内经》说经脉为里，分支横出的为络，络中细小的为孙络。这样看来，络浅而经深，络小而经大。所以络邪病在肌肤，经邪病连筋骨。严重则进入腑，更严重则进入脏，邪气就逐渐深入了。大概神藏于脏，而通于腑。腑病则神机窒塞于内，所以不认识人。诸阴经都连系舌本，脏气厥逆不至舌下，则机关息于上，所以舌头难以说话，而涎水自然流出。
〔沈明宗评注〕口眼歪斜，是邪气侵犯阳明、少阳经络，导致口眼歪斜。不遂，是半身手足不能使用。全身的络脉，都在肌肉皮肤之间。风邪痹阻于络脉，气血不行则麻木不仁；羁留阻滞经气，不能周行通畅，则身体沉重难以抬举。邪气进入腑，堵塞胸间，神机不能出入照察，就不认识人。邪气进入五脏，并凑于心，脏真之气不能灌溉于舌，舌头就难以说话。
〔魏念庭评注〕口眼歪斜、肢体不遂，口眼歪斜。心里有所指令，而肢体能执行，这就叫“遂”。现在举手，手不响应；举足，足不响应，所以叫“不遂”。
〔程林评注〕不认识人，就是《内经》所说的“瞀昧暴喑”。这是邪气入腑，则瞀昧不认识人；入脏，则舌头难以说话，成为喑哑。舌头难以说话，则唇吻不收摄，而涎水下流。
案语：口眼歪斜、肢体不遂，《内经》称为偏风、偏枯。《诸病源候论》有风口噤候，又有风偏枯、风身体手足不随、风半身不随等侯，即《外台秘要》以降所谓的瘫痪风。肌肤麻木不仁，《诸病源候论》有风不仁候，描述其状搔之皮肤如隔衣，就是这样。身体沉重难以抬举，《诸病源候论》有风腿候，描述四肢不收，身体疼痛，肌肉虚满，骨节懈怠，腰脚缓弱，不自觉知。又有风曳候，描述筋肉懈惰，肢体弛缓不收摄。大概就是这类情况。不认识人，《内经》称为击仆。《诸病源候论》有风痱候，描述其状奄忽不知人，喉里有噫噫的声音，就是卒中急风。（详见于《医说》刘子仪的论述。）舌头难以说话，《内经》称为喑痱。《诸病源候论》有风舌强不得语候，描述脾脉络胃夹咽，连舌本散舌下，心的别脉系舌本。现在心脾二脏受风邪，所以舌头僵硬不能说话。由以上几种意义来看，正可知此条乃是中风诸证中的一个大纲领。张璐却用侯氏黑散来主治，错误很大。
侯氏黑散 治疗大风导致的四肢烦重，心中恶寒不足。（〔原注〕《外台秘要》治疗风癫。）
菊花（四十分） 白术（十分） 细辛（三分） 茯苓（三分） 牡蛎（三分） 桔梗（八分） 防风（十分） 人参（三分） 矾石（三分） 黄芩（五分） 当归（三分） 干姜（三分） 川芎（三分） 桂枝（三分）
以上十四味药，捣碎成散剂。用酒送服一方寸匕，每日一次。初服二十天，用温酒调服。禁止食用一切鱼肉大蒜。平时宜冷食。六十天内，药物积聚在腹中不下行。热食就会下行。冷食能够帮助药力。（“六十日止即药积”七字，赵本作“自能助药力”五字，不对。“食下曰字”，赵本作“自”，是对的。）
〔徐灵胎评注〕大风，概指痰涎卒倒之后的情况。
〔沈明宗评注〕邪气直接侵入肌肉脏腑，所以称为大风。邪气困阻于脾，则四肢烦重；阳气虚而风邪未化热，则心中恶寒不足。所以用人参、白术、茯苓健脾安土，同干姜温中补气，以菊花、防风驱除表里之风，川芎宣血养血作为辅助，桂枝引导诸药而开通痹阻，以矾石化痰除湿，牡蛎收敛阴气养护正气，桔梗开提邪气而使大气得以转输，风邪得以去除，黄芩专门清解风化为热，细辛祛风而通心肾之气相交，以酒引导群药，到达周身经络作为使药。
案语：此方的主治文字格式，与前后各条不同。先揭出方名，然后说治疗什么什么，完全像后世经方的体例。所以程氏、尤氏、《金鉴》都说是宋人附加的。
然而《诸病源候论·寒食散发候》说：仲景经中有侯氏黑散。《外台秘要·风癫门》记载此方，引用《古今录验》，没有桔梗，有钟乳、矾石。方后说：张仲景此方，更有桔梗八分，没有钟乳、矾石。由此可知此方在隋唐时期的人看来是仲景方，那么就不是宋人附加的，这是很明显的。
又案语：根据《外台秘要》，方中有矾石、钟乳，而后方说：冷食自能助药力。后人因此认为仲景开始制作五石散，确实如此吗？
寸口脉迟而缓，迟脉主寒，缓脉主虚。营气缓则为亡血，卫气缓则为中风。邪气中于经脉，则身体瘙痒而起瘾疹。心气不足，邪气入中，则胸满而短气。（“中经”，沈本作“入经”。）
〔尤在泾评注〕迟是运行不及，缓是至而无力。不及为寒，无力为虚。沉而缓的是营气不足，浮而缓的是卫气中风。卫在表而营在里。经气不足而风邪侵入，血被风邪扰动，则身体瘙痒而起瘾疹。心气不足而风邪中入，阳气不能布散，则胸满而短气。经行于肌中，而心位于胸间。
〔沈明宗评注〕营卫没有达到大虚，邪气不能内入，持留在经络，风血相搏，风邪主病，则发身痒瘾疹，这是邪机外出的征象。如果心气不足，正气不能御邪，进而扰乱于胸，大气不转，津液化为痰涎，则胸满短气。大概贼风内入，最怕入心乘胃，而成死证。
案语：迟是数的反面，缓是急的反面。《金鉴》改“迟”为“浮”，认为迟缓二脉不能并见，一定是传写之误。这里却不是这样。《医方集成》说：有中风的轻症，在皮肤之间，言语轻微蹇涩，眉角牵引，遍身疮癣，状如虫行，目旋耳鸣，也称为邪气中经。
风引汤 清除热邪，治疗瘫痫。
大黄 干姜 龙骨（各四两） 桂枝（三两） 甘草 牡蛎（各三两） 寒水石 滑石 赤石脂 白石脂 紫石英 石膏（各六两）
以上十二味药，捣碎粗筛。用皮囊盛装。取三指撮的药量，用井花水三升，煮三沸，温服一升。（〔原注〕治疗大人风引，小儿惊痫，抽搐，每天发作数十次，医生无法治疗的除热方。巢元方说：脚经适宜服用风引汤。○案语：《诸病源候论·脚经候》说：脉微而弱，适宜服用风引汤。）
〔尤在泾评注〕这是清热泻热的方剂。孙奇认为中风多从热起，所以特别附在这里吧。方中有姜、桂、石脂、龙、蛎，大概是用来以涩制泄，以热监寒。但这也是一猛剂，使用者要审慎。
案语：此方也不是宋人附加的。《外台秘要·风痫门》引用崔氏非常详细，说：治疗大人风引，小儿惊痫抽搐，每天发作数十次，医生不能治疗，除热镇心的紫石汤。（方与本方相同。）以上十二味药，捣筛，装在皮囊里，放在高处凉快的地方。大人想服用，取水二升，先煮两沸，便纳入药一方寸匕，又煮取一升二合，滤去渣滓，顿服。小儿未满一百天，服一合。热多的，每天二三次服。每次凭心意斟酌调整。永嘉二年，大人小孩频繁发生风痫病，发病时不能说话，有的发热，半身抽搐，有的五六天，有的七八天死亡。张思惟配制此散，所治疗的都痊愈了。这本是仲景《伤寒论》的方子，《古今录验》、范汪都相同。（《千金方·风癫门》紫石散，就是本方，主治服法都相同。）由此看来，风引就是风痫掣引的意思，而作为仲景的方子是很明确的。程氏、尤氏等人为什么不考证呢？只是“除热瘫痫”四个字，义理不够妥当。刘氏《幼幼新书》作“除热去瘫痫”，楼氏《纲目》作“除热癫痫”。（王氏《准绳》相同。）把“瘫”改为“癫”，在道理上是恰当的。
汪氏《医方集解》说：侯氏黑散、风引汤，喻氏虽然深深称赞它们，也不知道是否真的恰当。以此治疗风病而获得实验效果吗？还是门外汉的揣测呢？
防己地黄汤 治疗病状像发狂一样，胡乱行走，独自说话不停，没有寒热，脉象浮。
防己（一分） 桂枝（三分） 防风（三分） 甘草（一分○赵本，“分”都作“钱”，不对。）
以上四味药，用酒一杯，浸泡一夜，绞取汁液。生地黄二斤，切碎蒸熟，像斗米饭那样久，用铜器盛接它的汁液，再绞取地黄汁，混合分两次服用。
〔尤在泾评注〕赵氏说：狂走谵语，身热脉大的，属于阳明证。这里没有寒热，脉象浮的，是血虚生热，邪气并于阳分而这样。桂枝、防风、防己、甘草，用酒浸取汁，用这些轻清的药物，归于阳分，以发散邪气。用生地黄甘寒的性质，熟蒸使其归于阴分，以养血除热。大概药生则散表，熟则补衰。这种煎煮方法，也是表里的方法。
《兰台轨范》说：此方他药轻，而生地独重，是治疗血中的风邪。这种方法最宜细细玩味。
案语：此方《金鉴》并不收录，大概认为是宋人附加的。不知道是否果然如此。《千金方·风眩门》所收录的，却像是古制的样子。现在抄录在下面以备参考。
防己地黄汤 治疗言语狂错，眼目霍霍，或说看见鬼，精神昏乱。
防己 甘草（各二两） 桂心 防风（各三两） 生地黄（五斤，另处理，切勿合药渍，疾小轻用二斤）
以上五味药，切碎。用水一升，浸泡一夜，绞汁倒在一面。取药渣放在竹席上，把地黄放在药渣上，在五斗米下蒸之。用铜器承接取汁。饭熟，用前面的药汁，混合绞取。分两次服用。
头风摩散方（《千金方》作头风散方。）
大附子（一枚，炮制○《千金方》说中等大小的炮裂） 盐（等分○《千金方》作如附子大）
以上两味药研成散剂。洗过头后，用一方寸匕，擦摩头上，让药力运行。（“已”，徐本、沈本作“以”，尤本无。“顶”，赵本作“疾”。《千金方》无“已”字。“顶”作“顶”。）
案语：《本草拾遗》说：盐能去除皮肤风。此方《外台秘要》引用《千金方》，程氏《金鉴》都认为是宋人附方，是正确的。
三因附子摩头散 治疗因洗头中风，多汗恶风，应当在风前一日病情加重，头痛不能外出，到第二天则稍好，名叫首风。（即本方。）
寸口脉沉而弱，沉脉主骨，弱脉主筋，沉即为肾，弱即为肝。出汗时进入水中，如水伤心，历节黄汗出，所以叫历节。
〔程林评注〕《圣济总录》说：历节风，是由于血气衰弱，被风寒所侵袭，血气凝涩，不能流通，关节诸筋，没有滋养，真邪相搏，所经过的关节，全都疼痛，有的白天安静晚上发作，痛彻骨髓，叫做历节风。
全身关节三百六十五个，十二筋，都结于骨节之间。筋骨由肝肾所主。现在肝肾都虚，则脉象沉弱。风邪乘虚，淫溢于骨节之间，导致腠理疏松，而汗容易出。汗是心之液，出汗后进入水浴，则水气伤心，又从流于关节交会之处。风与湿相搏，所以令历节黄汗，而疼痛。
〔《金鉴》评注〕赵良说：肾主水，骨与之合，所以脉沉的病在骨。肝藏血，筋与之合，血虚则脉弱，所以病在筋。心主汗，出汗进入水中，其汗被水所阻，水汗相搏，聚而成湿，久变为热，湿热相蒸，是以历节发出黄汗。
〔尤在泾评注〕案语：后文《水气篇》中说：黄汗的病，是因为汗出入水中浴，水从汗孔入得之。结合这两条，知道历节黄汗，是同源异流的病。其瘀郁上焦的，则为黄汗；其并伤筋骨的，则为历节。
案语：寸口脉沉以下，止即为肝二十二字，《脉经》移到了下文“味酸则伤筋”之首，文脉贯通，旨趣明显，大概古本应当是这样。
趺阳脉浮而滑，滑则谷气实，浮则汗自出。
〔沈明宗评注〕这是诊察趺阳脉，就知道胃家内湿招风为病。趺阳脉浮，浮为风邪入胃，滑为水谷为病。这明显脉浮而滑者，乃是素积酒谷湿热招风，为谷气实。然而内湿外风相蒸，风热外越，津液随之，所以汗自出。
〔程林评注〕也是历节的脉象。
少阴脉浮而弱，弱则血不足，浮则为风。风血相搏，即疼痛如掣。
〔程林评注〕少阴肾脉也。诊在太溪穴。如果脉浮而弱，弱则血虚，虚则邪从之，所以令浮弱。风血相搏，则邪正交争
Cold qi stagnates and fails to dissipate. When the Wei (Defensive) Qi circulates through the Yang aspects twenty-five times, the disease manifests. The pathogenic factors that have entered the Ying (Nutritive) level lack the heat necessary for outward expulsion, and the pre-existing Bi (Obstruction) in the Ying level does not emerge to contend with the Yang Qi. Consequently, there is much cold and little heat, or only cold without heat. Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is originally a formula balancing Yin and Yang. Due to the predominance of cold, Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig) and Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger) are added to advance the action towards the Yang aspect. Thus, the obstructing and adherent pathogenic factors can be dispersed. Adding Mu Li (Oyster Shell) softens the hard accumulations. Consequently, Yin and Yang connect smoothly, and the disease resolves through profuse sweating. Hence it is said that one dose produces miraculous effects. (Note: Gua Lou Gen (Trichosanthes Root) clears residual heat; why did Xu Shi not explain this?)
Note: This formula cannot be traced in the Malaria section of *Wai Tai Mi Yao* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies). It originates from the Taiyang Chapter of *Shang Han Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage).
*Yi Tong* (Medical Compendium) states: Xiao Chai Hu Tang is a formula balancing Yin and Yang. It can be modified according to the progression and regression of malaria. Adding Gui Zhi and Gan Jiang advances the action to the Yang aspect; adding Gua Lou and Shi Gao (Gypsum) retreats the action to the Yin aspect. This logic can be extended analogously.
Generally, wind-pathogen diseases manifest as hemiplegia (paralysis of half the body). If only the arm is unable to move freely, this is classified as Bi syndrome. A pulse that is fine and rapid indicates Zhong Feng (Wind Stroke).
[Commentary by You] Wind diseases are discussed in detail in *Nei Jing* (Inner Canon), but often conflated with Bi syndrome, confusing later generations. Therefore, Zhang Zhongjing reiterates: Wind-pathogen diseases should present with hemiplegia, which is what *Jing* calls Pian Ku (Paralysis of one side). If only the arm is immobile, it is not Zhong Feng but Bi disease. Bi is a Yin disease, typically presenting with deep and choppy pulses; Wind is a Yang disease, typically presenting with floating and moderate pulses. The current fine and rapid pulse is caused by Zhong Feng. Fine indicates deficiency of righteous Qi; rapid indicates excess of pathogenic factors. Those who contract wind due to deficiency invariably show fine pulses. Those whose wind arises from internal heat invariably show rapid and urgent pulses.
[Commentary by Shen] This distinguishes Zhong Feng from Bi. Wind pathology either injures the Wei level or invades the Ying level, hence hemiplegia, meaning the Qi of half the body is damaged and non-functional. If only the arm is immobile, it is Bi. Bi means obstruction, referring to the closure of Qi in a specific segment leading to numbness. The pulse must be fine and rapid. Fine indicates weak Yang; rapid indicates prevalent wind. This is caused by Zhong Feng, meaning wind enters via deficiency, subsequently causing hemiplegia.
[Commentary by You] Wind permeates up and down, causing hemiplegia; Bi blocks a single area, causing only arm immobility. This shows Wind is heavy/severe while Bi is light; Wind moves while Bi adheres. Wind enters via deficiency, hence the fine pulse; Wind generates heat upon manifestation, hence the rapid pulse. "Caused by Zhong Feng" implies Bi is also a wind disease, merely termed Wind when in the Yang aspect and Bi when in the Yin aspect.
Note: *Zi Hui* states "Sui" means following one's will. "Bu Sui" means not following one's will.
Note: The description of a fine and rapid pulse is questionable. Modern observation of wind diseases often reveals floating, large, and slippery pulses, which may or may not be rapid.
*Yi Tong* states: This corresponds to the *Nei Jing·Feng Lun* (Treatise on Wind), describing one of the syndromes where wind enters through various portals. *Qian Jin Fang* (Thousand Gold Formulas) supplements the *Jin Gui* by creating Fu Zi San (Aconite Powder) to treat Zhong Feng causing arm numbness and facial deviation, focusing on opening Bi and relaxing sinews. (Formula follows below.)
Qian Jin Fu Zi San
Fu Zi (Processed Aconite Root) and Gui Xin (Cinnamon Heart) (5 liang each); Xi Xin (Asarum), Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root), Ren Shen (Ginseng Root), Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger) (6 liang each).
Grind these six ingredients into powder. Take one cun bi (measure) with wine, three times daily, increasing the dose gradually.
The Cun Kou (Radial artery at the wrist) pulse is floating and tight. Tight indicates cold; floating indicates deficiency. Cold and deficiency interact, placing the pathogen in the skin. Floating indicates blood deficiency and empty collaterals. The thief pathogen cannot be expelled, affecting either the left or right side. The pathogen causes flaccidity on the affected side, while the righteous Qi becomes tense on the unaffected side. The tense righteous Qi pulls the flaccid side, causing facial deviation and immobility. If the pathogen is in the collaterals, the skin and muscles become numb. If in the meridians, the body feels heavy and difficult to lift. If entering the Fu organs, the person loses recognition. If entering the Zang organs, speech becomes difficult, and saliva dribbles from the mouth. (*Mai Jing* writes "Yu Xian". Note: The four-character structure here seems correct.)
[Commentary by You] Cold and deficiency interacting signifies righteous insufficiency allowing pathogen invasion, characteristic of initial wind-cold contraction. Floating indicates blood deficiency; Qi moves outside the vessels, Blood inside. A floating pulse with insufficient depth indicates blood deficiency. Blood deficiency fails to nourish the skin, leaving collaterals empty and unable to defend against external pathogens. The thief pathogen lodges in vacant areas, left or right. On the affected side, tendons and vessels are flaccid due to dysfunction; on the unaffected side, righteous Qi functions alone, causing tension. The flaccid side is pulled by the tense side, resulting in facial deviation and limb immobility. Thus, left deviation implies pathogen on the right, and vice versa. However, left/right variations reflect differences in pathogen/righteous Qi tension, and superficial/deep distinctions involve meridian/Zang-Fu differences. *Jing* states meridians are interior, branches crossing horizontally are collaterals, and small collaterals are Sun collaterals. Collaterals are shallow and small; meridians are deep and large. Thus, collateral pathogens affect skin/muscle, while meridian pathogens affect sinews/bones. Severe cases enter Fu organs, then Zang organs, with pathogen depth increasing progressively. Spirit resides in Zang and communicates with Fu. Fu disease obstructs spirit internally, causing loss of recognition. All Yin meridians connect to the tongue root. If Zang Qi fails to reach the tongue base, motor function ceases, causing speech difficulty and salivation.
[Commentary by Shen] Facial deviation involves pathogen invading Yang Ming and Shao Yang meridians. Immobility refers to non-function of limbs on one side. Collaterals lie between muscle and skin. Wind-Bi in collaterals stops Qi and Blood flow, causing numbness. Stagnation in meridians prevents smooth circulation, causing heaviness. Pathogen entering Fu blocks the chest, hindering Shen (Spirit) function, causing loss of recognition. Pathogen entering Five Zang converges on the Heart, preventing Zhen Qi from irrigating the tongue, causing speech difficulty.
[Commentary by Wei] Facial deviation and immobility: The Heart commands movement. If the Heart can command, it is "Sui" (compliant). Now, raising the hand yields no response; lifting the foot yields no response. Hence "Bu Sui" (non-compliant).
[Commentary by Cheng] Loss of recognition is "Mao Mei Bao Yin" (dizziness and sudden aphasia) from *Jing*. Pathogen in Fu causes Mao Mei; in Zang, tongue stiffness causes aphasia. Tongue stiffness leads to loose lips and drooling.
Note: Facial deviation and immobility are called Pian Feng and Pian Ku in *Jing*. *Bing Yuan* describes Kou Pi Hou (Facial Deviation Syndrome), Feng Pian Ku (Wind Hemiplegia), Feng Shen Ti Shou Zu Bu Sui (Wind Body Limb Immobility), etc., known as Tan Huan Feng (Paralysis Wind) in *Wai Tai*. Skin numbness corresponds to Feng Bu Ren Hou (Wind Numbness Syndrome): scratching feels like隔着衣 (through clothes). Heaviness corresponds to Feng Tui Hou (Wind Leg Syndrome): limbs unrestrained, body pain, muscle fullness, joint laxity, weak waist/legs, unawareness. Also Feng Ye Hou (Wind Dragging Syndrome): muscle laxity, limb flaccidity. Loss of recognition corresponds to Ji Pu (Striking Fall) in *Jing*, and Feng Fei Hou (Wind Aphasia Syndrome) in *Bing Yuan*: sudden unconsciousness, throat sounds, acute wind stroke. Tongue stiffness corresponds to Yin Fei (Aphasia and Flaccidity) in *Jing*, and Feng She Qiang Bu De Yu Hou (Wind Tongue Stiffness Syndrome) in *Bing Yuan*: Spleen meridian connects stomach/throat/tongue; Heart branch connects tongue. Wind invading Heart/Spleen causes tongue stiffness. These points confirm this paragraph is a general outline of Zhong Feng syndromes. Zhang Lu's use of Hou Shi Hei San is erroneous.
Hou Shi Hei San treats Da Feng (Great Wind) causing heavy limbs and inner cold/insufficiency. ([Original Note]: *Wai Tai* uses for Feng Dian/Wind Mania.)
Ju Hua (Chrysanthemum Flower) (40 fen); Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) (10 fen); Xi Xin (3 fen); Fu Ling (Poria) (3 fen); Mu Li (3 fen); Jie Geng (Platycodon Root) (8 fen); Fang Feng (10 fen); Ren Shen (3 fen); Fan Shi (Alum) (3 fen); Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root) (5 fen); Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis Root) (3 fen); Gan Jiang (3 fen); Xiong Duan (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome) (3 fen); Gui Zhi (3 fen).
Grind fourteen ingredients into powder. Take one cun bi with wine, once daily. For the first twenty days, take with warm wine. Avoid all fish, meat, garlic. Prefer cold food for sixty days so medicine accumulates in the abdomen. Hot food causes immediate digestion. Cold food aids medicinal power. ("Sixty days stop... self-aid" variant noted).
[Commentary by Xu] Da Feng generally refers to post-stroke phlegm coma.
[Commentary by Shen] Direct invasion of muscle/fu organs is Da Feng. Pathogen traps Spleen, causing heavy limbs. Yang deficiency without heat transformation causes inner cold. Ren Shen, Bai Zhu, Fu Ling strengthen Spleen/Earth; Gan Jiang warms middle/Qi. Ju Hua/Fang Feng expel exterior/interior wind. Xiong Duan promotes/blood-nourishes. Gui Zhi guides herbs/open Bi. Fan Shi transforms phlegm/dampness. Mu Li collects Yin/nourishes righteousness. Jie Geng lifts pathogen/allows Qi rotation. Huang Qin clears wind-generated heat. Xi Xin dispels wind/connects Heart/Kidney. Wine guides herbs to meridians.
Note: The format differs from preceding texts, resembling later Jing Fang styles. Cheng, You, and *Jin Jian* attribute it to Song dynasty additions. However, *Bing Yuan* cites *Hou Shi Hei San* from Zhang Zhongjing. *Wai Tai* cites *Gu Jin Lu Yan* stating Zhang's formula had Jie Geng but no Zhong Ru (Galena)/Fan Shi. Thus, Tang/Song scholars considered it Zhang's formula, disproving Song addition. Also, *Wai Tai* includes Fan Shi/Zhong Ru, and notes cold food aids power, leading some to claim Zhang invented Wu Shi San (Five Minerals Powder).
Cun Kou pulse is slow and moderate. Slow indicates cold; moderate indicates deficiency. Moderate Ying indicates blood loss; moderate Wei indicates Zhong Feng. Pathogen strikes meridians, causing itching and urticaria. Insufficient Heart Qi allows pathogen entry, causing chest fullness and shortness of breath. ("Zhong Jing", Shen version reads "Ru Jing").
[Commentary by You] Slow is sluggish movement; moderate is weak arrival. Sluggish is cold; weak is deficiency. Deep/moderate is Ying insufficiency; Floating/moderate is Wei Zhong Feng. Wei is exterior, Ying interior. Meridian insufficiency invites wind, agitating blood, causing itching/urticaria. Heart insufficiency invites wind, blocking Yang distribution, causing chest fullness/shortness of breath. Meridians run in muscle; Heart sits in chest.
[Commentary by Shen] If Ying/Wei are not severely deficient, pathogen stays in meridians. Wind/Blood struggle. Wind pathology causes itching/urticaria, an outward expulsion sign. If Heart Qi is insufficient, pathogen disturbs chest, blocking Qi, transforming fluids to phlegm/saliva, causing fullness/shortness of breath. Internal wind fears invading Heart/Stomach, leading to death.
Note: Slow is reverse of Rapid; Moderate is reverse of Urgent. *Jin Jian* changed Slow to Floating, claiming they don't coexist, calling it a transcription error. This is incorrect. *Yi Fang Ji Cheng* notes mild wind striking skin causes slurred speech, eyebrow pulling, body sores, insect-like crawling sensation, vertigo, tinnitus, also termed Pathogen Striking Meridians.
Feng Yin Tang clears heat, treating paralysis and epilepsy.
Da Huang (Rhubarb Root), Gan Jiang, Long Gu (Dragon Bone) (4 liang each); Gui Zhi (3 liang); Gan Cao (Licorice Root), Mu Li (3 liang each); Han Shui Shi (Calcitum), Hua Shi (Talcum), Chi Shi Zhi (Red Halloysite), Bai Shi Zhi (White Halloysite), Zi Shi Ying (Purple Quartz), Shi Gao (Gypsum) (6 liang each).
Grind twelve ingredients coarsely. Store in leather bag. Take three-finger pinch. Boil in well water (3 sheng) for three boils. Warm drink 1 sheng. ([Original Note]: Treats adult Feng Yin, pediatric convulsions/spasms, dozens of daily attacks, untreatable by others. Clears heat. Chao Shi says: Leg Jing suits Feng Yin Tang. ○ Note: *Bing Yuan·Jiao Jing Hou* says: Fine/weak pulse suits Feng Yin Tang.)
[Commentary by You] This is a heat-clearing purgative. Sun Qi attached it here because wind stroke often originates from heat. Ginger/Cinnamon/Halloysite/Dragon Bone/Oyster Shell use astringency to control purgation and warmth to check cold. It is a potent formula; use with caution.
Note: Not a Song addition. *Wai Tai·Feng Xian Men* cites Cui Shi extensively: Treats adult Feng Yin, pediatric convulsions/spasms, daily attacks, untreatable, clears heat/calms heart, Zi Shi Tang (Same formula). Grind, store in leather bag, keep cool. Adults: 2 sheng water, boil twice, add 1 cun bi powder, boil to 1.2 sheng, filter, take at once. Infants <100 days: 1 he. Heat excess: 2-3 times daily. Adjust as needed. Yongjia Year 2: Epidemic Feng Xian, inability to speak, fever, hemi-spasms, death in 5-8 days. Zhang Siwei compounded this powder, curing all. Originally from *Shang Han Lun*, cited in *Gu Jin Lu Yan* and Fan Wang. (*Qian Jin·Feng Dian* Zi Shi San is identical). Thus, Feng Yin means wind-induced spasms, clearly Zhang's formula. Cheng/You failed to verify. "Clear heat, treat paralysis/epilepsy" is imprecise. Liu's *You You Xin Shu* reads "Clear heat, remove paralysis/epilepsy". Lou's *Gang Mu* reads "Clear heat, treat epilepsy". Wang's *Zhun Sheng* agrees. Changing Paralysis to Epilepsy is logically sound.
Wang's *Yi Fang Ji Jie* notes: Yu praised Hou Shi Hei San and Feng Yin Tang but didn't verify efficacy. Is it experimental or mere speculation?
Fang Ji Di Huang Tang treats symptoms like mania: wandering aimlessly, talking alone incessantly, no chills/fever, floating pulse.
Fang Ji (Stephania Root) (1 fen); Gui Zhi (3 fen); Fang Feng (3 fen); Gan Cao (1 fen○ Zhao version uses Qian, incorrect).
Soak four ingredients in one cup wine overnight. Strain juice. Sheng Di Huang (Rehmannia Root) 2 jin. Chop and steam until rice-cooked. Collect juice in copper vessel. Strain Di Huang juice again. Mix and take in two doses.
[Commentary by You] Zhao states: Manic wandering, delirium, fever, large pulse belong to Yang Ming. Here, no chills/fever, floating pulse indicates blood deficiency generating heat, pathogen merging with Yang. Gui Zhi/Fang Feng/Fang Ji/Gan Cao soaked in wine provide light/clear Yang-action to disperse pathogen. Sheng Di Huang sweet/cold, steamed to Yin-action, nourishes blood/clears heat. Raw herbs scatter exterior; cooked herbs tonify deficiency. This cooking method reflects exterior-interior treatment.
*Lan Tai Gui Fan* notes: Other herbs are light, Di Huang is heavy, treating wind in blood. This method requires careful study.
Note: *Jin Jian* omits this, suspecting Song addition. Uncertain. *Qian Jin·Feng Xuan Men* has a similar ancient preparation:
Fang Ji Di Huang Tang treats manic speech, rolling eyes, hallucinations, mental confusion.
Fang Ji, Gan Cao (2 liang each); Gui Xin, Fang Feng (3 liang each); Sheng Di Huang (5 jin, processed separately, do not soak with other herbs. Use 2 jin for mild cases).
Chop five ingredients. Soak in 1 sheng water overnight. Strain juice onto one side. Place dregs on bamboo mat. Put Di Huang on dregs. Steam over 5 dou rice. Collect juice in copper vessel. After rice is cooked, mix with previous juice, strain. Take in two doses.
Tou Feng Mo San Formula (*Qian Jin* calls it Tou Feng San).
Da Fu Zi (1 piece, processed○ *Qian Jin*: medium size, cracked); Yan (Salt) (Equal parts○ *Qian Jin*: size of Fu Zi).
Grind two ingredients into powder. After washing head, apply one cun bi, massage top of head, allowing medicinal power to penetrate. (Note variants in texts).
Note: *Ben Cao Cang Qi* states Salt removes skin wind. *Wai Tai* cites *Qian Jin*. Cheng/*Jin Jian* consider it Song addition, which is correct.
San Yin Fu Zi Mo Tou San treats wind strike after washing head, with sweating/chill. Symptoms worsen day before onset, severe headache preventing going out, improving next day. Named Shou Feng (Head Wind). (This is the same formula.)
Cun Kou pulse is deep and weak. Deep governs bones; Weak governs sinews. Deep indicates Kidney; Weak indicates Liver. Sweating then entering water injures Heart. Lijie (Joint) disease presents with yellow sweat, hence named Lijie.
[Commentary by Cheng] *Sheng Ji Zong Lu* states: Lijie Feng results from Qi/Blood weakness invaded by wind-cold. Qi/Blood stagnate, joints/sinews lack nourishment. True/Pathogenic factors clash, causing pain in all joints. Pain may be quiet by day, severe by night, penetrating bone marrow.
Three hundred sixty-five joints, twelve sinew regions, knot at bone joints. Bones/sinews governed by Liver/Kidney. Liver/Kidney deficiency causes deep/weak pulse. Wind enters via deficiency, flooding joints. Pores loosen, sweat easily exits. Sweat is Heart fluid. Water entering pores injures Heart. Flow to joint intersections causes Wind/Damp clash, resulting in Lijie yellow sweat and pain.
[Commentary by *Jin Jian*] Zhao Liang states: Kidney governs water/bones; deep pulse indicates bone disease. Liver stores blood/sinews; weak pulse indicates sinew disease. Heart governs sweat. Water blocking sweat creates dampness, turning to heat. Damp-heat steaming causes Lijel yellow sweat.
[Commentary by You] *Shui Qi Pian* states: Yellow sweat comes from sweating then bathing in water, water entering pores. Combining these, Lijie and Yellow Sweat are同源异流 (same source, different streams). Stagnation in Upper Jiao is Yellow Sweat; injury to sinews/bones is Lijie.
Note: The phrase "Zhi Ji Wei Gan" (stops at Liver) from Cun Kou Deep/Weak appears in *Mai Jing* under "Sour flavor injures sinews", making context clear. Ancient text likely arranged thus.
Fu Yang pulse is floating and slippery. Slippery indicates abundant grain Qi; Floating indicates spontaneous sweating.
[Commentary by Shen] Diagnosing Fu Yang reveals Stomach internal dampness attracting wind. Floating Fu Yang indicates wind entering Stomach; Slippery indicates water/grain pathology. Floating/Sliply pulse indicates accumulated alcohol/grain damp-heat attracting wind, abundant Grain Qi. Internal damp/external wind steam together, wind-heat escapes outward, carrying fluids, causing spontaneous sweat.
[Commentary by Cheng] Also a Lijie pulse.
Shao Yin pulse is floating and weak. Weak indicates blood insufficiency; Floating indicates wind. Wind/Blood clash causes pain like pulling.
[Commentary by Cheng] Shao Yin Kidney pulse. Palpated at Tai Xi. Floating/Weak indicates blood deficiency inviting pathogen. Wind/Blood clash causes righteous/pathogenic contention.