冷闭者，寒冷之气横于肠胃，凝阴固结，阳气不行，津液不通，其人肠内气攻，喜热恶
冷，其脉迟涩者是也。
半硫丸
半夏（汤洗七次，焙干为细末） 硫黄（明净好者，研令极细，用柳木棰子杀过）
上以生姜自然汁同熬，入干蒸饼末，搅和匀，入臼内杵数百下，丸如梧子大，每服十五
丸至二十丸，无灰温酒或生姜汤任下。妇人醋汤下，俱空心服。
《准绳》云∶热药多秘，惟硫黄暖而能通。冷药多泄，惟黄连肥肠而止泄。
热闭者，热搏津液，肠胃燥结，伤寒热邪传里，及肠胃素有积热者，多有此疾。其症面
赤身热，腹中胀闭，时欲喜冷，或口舌生疮。
大黄饮子 治身热烦躁，大便不通。
大黄（湿纸裹煨，二钱） 杏仁（炒，去皮尖） 枳壳（麸炒） 栀子仁 生地黄（各一钱半）
人参 黄芩（各七分） 川升麻（一钱） 甘草（炙，五分）
上作一服，水二盅，姜五片，豆豉二十一粒，乌梅一枚，煎至一盅，不拘时服。
气闭者，气内滞而物不行也。其脉沉，其人多噫，心腹痞闷，胁肋 胀，此不可用药通
之。虽或暂通而其闭益甚矣。或迫之使通，因而下血者，惟当顺气，气顺则便自通矣。
苏子降气汤 加枳壳、杏仁煎。此药流行肺气。（见饮气嗽门。）
苏感丸 即苏合四分，感应六分，研和别丸。大凡腹痛而呕，欲利其大便，诸药
皆令人吐，惟苏感丸用姜汁泡汤下最妙。
六磨汤 治气滞腹急，大便秘涩。
沉香 木香 槟榔 乌药 枳壳 大黄（各等分）
上六味，热汤磨服。
冷闭，是指寒冷之气横亘于肠胃之间，导致阴寒凝滞、固结不解，阳气运行受阻，津液输布不通。患者表现为肠内气机攻冲作痛，喜欢温热而厌恶寒冷，脉象迟涩，这就是冷闭的特征。
半硫丸
半夏（用汤水清洗七次，焙干后研成细末） 硫黄（选用明亮洁净的优质品，研磨至极细，用柳木槌捣杀过）
以上两味药，用生姜自然汁共同熬煮，加入干蒸饼的粉末，搅拌均匀，放入臼中杵捣数百下，制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用十五丸至二十丸，可用无灰温酒或生姜汤送服，任选其一。妇女服用时可用醋汤送服，均需在空腹时服用。
《医学准绳六要》记载：热性药物多导致便秘，只有硫黄性质温暖且具有通便作用；寒性药物多导致泄泻，只有黄连能使肠道丰满并止住泄泻。
热闭，是指热邪搏结津液，导致肠胃干燥结滞。伤寒病的热邪传入体内，以及肠胃原本就有积热的患者，大多患有此病。其症状表现为面部发红、身体发热，腹部胀满闭塞，时常想要冷饮，或者口舌生疮。
大黄饮子 治疗身体发热烦躁，大便不通。
大黄（用湿纸包裹煨制，二钱） 杏仁（炒制，去皮和尖） 枳壳（麸皮炒） 栀子仁 生地黄（各一钱半）
人参 黄芩（各七分） 川升麻（一钱） 甘草（炙烤，五分）
以上为一服的量，加水两盅，生姜五片，豆豉二十一粒，乌梅一枚，煎煮至一盅，不拘泥于特定时间服用。
气闭，是指气机在内部停滞，导致糟粕不能下行。其脉象沉，患者经常打嗝，心腹部痞塞闷胀，胁肋部胀满。这种情况不可用药强行通下。虽然可能暂时通畅，但闭塞会更加严重。如果逼迫使其通畅，反而导致下血的情况，只应当顺理气机，气机顺畅则大便自然通畅。
苏子降气汤 加入枳壳、杏仁煎煮。此药能流通肺气。（参见“饮气嗽”门。）
苏感丸 即苏合香占四分，感应散占六分，研磨混合后另制成丸。大凡腹痛且呕吐，想要通利大便时，各种药物都容易让人呕吐，只有苏感丸用姜汁泡过的汤水送服最为巧妙。
六磨汤 治疗气滞引起的腹部急痛，大便秘涩难行。
沉香 木香 槟榔 乌药 枳壳 大黄（各等分）
以上六味药，用热水磨碎后服用。
Cold obstruction refers to the condition where cold pathogenic qi stagnates horizontally within the stomach and intestines, causing yin-cold to coagulate and bind firmly. This obstructs the movement of yang qi and the unimpeded flow of body fluids. The patient experiences gas attacking the intestines, prefers warmth and dislikes cold, and presents with a slow and choppy pulse. This characterizes cold obstruction.
Banliu Wan (Half-Phytolacca Pill)
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed seven times in decoction, dried and ground into fine powder) Liuhuang (Sulfur, selected for brightness and purity, ground extremely fine, processed by beating with a willow mallet)
These two ingredients are boiled together with fresh juice extracted from Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens). Gan Zhengbing Mo (powder from steamed dry dough cake) is added, mixed evenly, pounded hundreds of times in a mortar, and formed into pills the size of a Chinese quince seed. Each dose consists of 15 to 20 pills, taken with warm wine free of impurities or ginger tea, at the practitioner's discretion. For women, vinegar-infused water may be used. All doses should be taken on an empty stomach.
*Zhunsheng* states: Hot-natured herbs often cause constipation; only Sulfur is warm yet capable of promoting bowel movement. Cold-natured herbs often cause diarrhea; only Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) can fatten the intestines and stop diarrhea.
Heat obstruction occurs when heat pathogens contend with body fluids, leading to dryness and binding in the stomach and intestines. This condition is common in patients whose typhoid heat pathogens have transmitted inward, or those who inherently possess accumulated heat in their stomach and intestines. Symptoms include a red face, fever, abdominal distension and blockage, a frequent desire for cold drinks, and sores on the mouth and tongue.
Dahuang Yinzi (Rhubarb Decoction) treats fever, restlessness, and constipation.
Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, wrapped in wet paper and baked, 2 qian) Xingren (Pruni Semen, stir-fried, skin and tips removed) Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, bran-fried) Zhizi Ren (Gardeniae Semen, 1.5 qian each) Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Recens, 1.5 qian each)
Renshen (Ginseng Radix) Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 0.7 qian each) Chuan Shengma (Bupleuri Radix, 1 qian) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, roasted, 0.5 qian)
Take as one dose. Add 2 zhong of water, 5 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), 21 grains of Douchi (Sojae Semen Praeparatum), and 1 Wumei (Mume Fructus). Decoct until 1 zhong remains. Take at any time.
Qi obstruction refers to internal stagnation of qi, preventing the passage of waste. The pulse is deep, the patient frequently belches, and experiences epigastric and abdominal fullness and oppression, along with hypochondriac distension. In such cases, medication should not be used to forcibly promote evacuation. Although temporary relief may occur, the obstruction will worsen. If forced open, it may lead to lower gastrointestinal bleeding. One should instead focus on smoothing the qi; once the qi flows smoothly, defecation will naturally resume.
Suzi Jiangqi Tang (Perilla Seed Decoction to Direct Qi Downward) with added Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) and Xingren (Pruni Semen) decocted. This medicine promotes the free flow of lung qi. (See section on Cough due to Fluid-Qi.)
Sugan Wan (Suhe and Yinggan Pill) consists of four parts Suhe Xiang (Styrax) and six parts Yinggan San (Yinggan Powder), ground together and formed into separate pills. Generally, when abdominal pain is accompanied by vomiting and there is a need to promote bowel movement, most medications induce vomiting. However, Sugan Wan taken with ginger-juice-infused water is most effective.
Lumo Tang (Six-Mortar Decoction) treats abdominal urgency due to qi stagnation and hard, difficult defecation.
Chenxiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum) Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) Binglang (Arecae Semen) Wuyao (Tso-wu-yao / Linderae Radix) Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, equal parts)
The above six herbs are ground in hot water and taken.