夫医之治病，犹将之御敌，宰之治民也。御敌有法，奇正虚实，随机应变。不知法，则
以御敌矣。治民有道，刑政教化，以时而施，不明道，则不足以临民矣。病有阴、阳、表、
里、虚、实、缓、急之殊，医有寒、温、汗、下、补、泻、轻、重之异，不知此，则不足以
临病矣。故立中风八法，以应仓卒之变。至于随证缓调，另详其法于后。盖病千变，药亦千
变，凡病皆然，不独中风。余于此首言之者，亦一隅三反之意尔。
卒然口噤目张，两手握固，痰壅气塞，无门下药，此为闭证。闭则宜开，不开则死。搐
鼻、揩齿、探吐，皆开法也。
白矾散（《圣济》） 治急中风，口闭涎止，欲垂死者。
白矾（二两，生） 生姜（一两，连皮捣，水二升，煎取一升二合）
上二味，合研滤，分三服，旋旋灌之，须臾吐出痰毒，眼开风退，方可服诸汤散救治。
又方
白矾（如拇指大一块为末） 巴豆（一粒，去皮膜）
上将二味，于新瓦上 令焦赤为度，炼蜜丸芡实大，每用一丸，绵裹，放患人口中近喉
处良久，吐痰立愈。一方加牙皂一钱， 研取三分，吹鼻中。
急救稀涎散（《本事》） 治中风涎潮，口噤气闭不通。
猪牙皂角（四梗，肥实不蛀者，去黑皮） 晋矾（光明者，一两）
上为细末和匀，轻者半钱，重者一钱匕，温水调灌下，不大呕吐，但微微冷涎出一二升
，便得醒，次缓缓调治，大服亦恐过伤人。（孙兆方。）
胜金丸（《本事》） 治同前。
生薄荷（半两） 猪牙皂角（二两，捶碎，水一升，二味同浸杵汁，慢火熬成膏） 瓜蒂末
藜芦末（各一两） 朱砂（半两，研）
上将朱砂末一分，与二味末研匀，用膏子搜和，丸如龙眼大。以余朱砂为衣，温酒化一
丸，甚者二丸，以吐为度。得吐即省，不省者不可治。
中医治病，就像将领抵御敌人、官员治理百姓一样。抵御敌人有方法，讲究奇正虚实，根据情况随机应变；如果不掌握这些方法，就无法有效地抵御敌人。治理百姓有原则，刑罚政令与道德教化需适时施行；如果不明白这些原则，就不足以治理百姓。疾病有阴、阳、表、里、虚、实、缓、急的区别，治疗方法有寒、温、汗、下、补、泻、轻、重的不同；如果不了解这些，就不足以应对疾病。因此设立中风治疗的八种方法，以应对突发危急的变化。至于根据症状进行缓慢调理的方法，将在后面详细阐述。因为病情千变万化，用药也随之千变万化，所有疾病都是如此，不仅仅局限于中风。我在这里首先谈论这一点，也是意在举一反三。
突然口噤不能言语、眼睛张开、双手紧握成拳、痰液壅塞气道、气息闭塞，无法从口腔给药，这属于闭证（中风实证之一，表现为邪气内闭）。闭证应当开通，若不开通则会导致死亡。搐鼻法、揩齿法、探吐法，都属于开通的方法。
白矾散（出自《圣济总录》）：治疗急性中风，口部紧闭、涎液停止流出、濒临死亡的情况。
白矾（二两，生用），生姜（一两，带皮捣碎，加水二升，煎煮取汁一升二合）。
以上两味药，混合研磨过滤，分三次服用，慢慢灌入患者口中，不久后吐出痰毒，眼睛睁开、风邪退去，之后才可以服用其他汤剂或散剂进行救治。
又一方：
白矾（如拇指大的一块研成粉末），巴豆（一粒，去皮膜）。
将以上两味药放在新瓦上，烧至焦赤为止，炼蜜制成如芡实大小的丸药。每次使用一丸，用棉布包裹，放入患者口中靠近喉咙处，停留较长时间，吐出痰液即可立即痊愈。另一方加牙皂一钱，研取三分，吹入鼻中。
急救稀涎散（出自《本事方》）：治疗中风痰涎上涌，口噤气闭不通。
猪牙皂角（四根，肥大坚实且无虫蛀的，去掉黑皮），晋矾（即白矾，质地光明的，一两）。
以上药物研成细末并混合均匀。病情轻者用半钱，重者用一钱匕，用温水调匀后灌服。不引起剧烈呕吐，只要微微吐出冷涎一二升，患者就能苏醒，随后再缓缓调理治疗。即使大量服用也恐怕会过度损伤人体。（此为孙兆方。）
胜金丸（出自《本事方》）：治疗同上。
生薄荷（半两），猪牙皂角（二两，捶碎，加水一升，将这两味药一同浸泡捣烂取汁，用慢火熬成膏状），瓜蒂末，藜芦末（各一两），朱砂（半两，研细）。
先将一分朱砂末与上述两种药末混合研匀，用熬好的膏子调和，制成如龙眼大小的丸药。用剩余的朱砂粉作为衣料包裹。用温酒化开一丸服用，病情严重者服用两丸，以吐出痰涎为度。一旦吐出痰液患者就会清醒，若未清醒则不可治愈。
The treatment of diseases by physicians is akin to generals defending against enemies or officials governing the people. Defending against enemies requires methods, involving the interplay of unorthodox and orthodox tactics, emptiness and fullness, adapting to changing circumstances. Without mastering these methods, one cannot effectively defend against enemies. Governing the people requires principles, where punishments, administration, moral education, and teachings are applied at appropriate times; without understanding these principles, one is insufficient to govern the people. Diseases differ in Yin, Yang, exterior, interior, deficiency, excess, slackness, and urgency; medical treatments vary in cold, warmth, sweating, purging, tonifying, draining, lightness, and heaviness. Without knowing this, one is insufficient to treat diseases. Therefore, eight methods for treating stroke (Zhong Feng) are established to respond to sudden emergencies. As for gradual regulation according to symptoms, other methods will be detailed later. Since diseases change in thousands of ways, medicines also change in thousands of ways; this applies to all diseases, not just stroke. I mention this first here with the intention of drawing inferences about other cases from one instance.
Sudden inability to open the mouth (mouth lock), eyes gaping, hands clenched tightly, phlegm obstructing the airway, and qi blockage, making it impossible to administer medicine orally, constitutes the Obstruction Syndrome (a type of excess syndrome in stroke characterized by internal closure of pathogenic factors). The Obstruction Syndrome should be opened; if not opened, death ensues. Nasal insufflation, rubbing teeth, and inducing vomiting are all methods of opening.
Bai Fan San (White Alum Powder, from *Shengji Zonglu*): Treats acute stroke with closed mouth, cessation of salivation, and impending death.
Bai Fan (White Alum, 2 liang, raw), Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger, 1 liang, crushed with skin, decocted in 2 sheng of water to yield 1.2 sheng of liquid).
Grind the above two ingredients together, filter, and divide into three doses. Administer slowly by pouring into the patient's mouth. After a short while, toxic phlegm will be vomited out. Once the eyes open and wind pathogens recede, other decoctions or powders can then be administered for rescue.
Another prescription:
Bai Fan (White Alum, a piece the size of a thumb, ground into powder), Ba Dou (Croton Seed, 1 seed, peeled and membrane removed).
Place the above two ingredients on a new tile and heat until scorched and red. Mix with refined honey to form pills the size of a Chinese chestnut. Use one pill each time, wrap in cotton, place near the patient's throat in the mouth for a long time. Vomiting phlegm leads to immediate recovery. Another variation adds Ya Zao (Tartar Bean Pod) 1 qian, ground to take 3 fen, insufflated into the nose.
Ji Xiu Xi Xian San (Emergency Phlegm-Thinning Powder, from *Ben Shi Fang*): Treats stroke with surging phlegm-saliva, mouth lock, and blocked qi.
Zhu Ya Zao Jiao (Toothpick Soapberry Fruit, 4 sturdy, plump, non-borer pods, black skin removed), Jin Fan (White Alum, bright quality, 1 liang).
Grind the above into a fine powder and mix evenly. For mild cases, use half a qian; for severe cases, use one qian bi. Mix with warm water and administer. Avoid severe vomiting; merely allowing 1-2 sheng of cold phlegm-saliva to secrete out gently allows the patient to regain consciousness. Subsequently, regulate treatment slowly. Even large doses may cause excessive harm to the body. (Prescription by Sun Zhao.)
Sheng Jin Wan (Golden Victory Pill, from *Ben Shi Fang*): Treats the same conditions as above.
Sheng Bo He (Fresh Mint, 0.5 liang), Zhu Ya Zao Jiao (Toothpick Soapberry Fruit, 2 liang, crushed, soaked in 1 sheng of water, pounded with the above to extract juice, slow-cooked into a paste), Gua Di End (Thistle Fruit Powder), Li Lu End (Veratrum Root Powder, 1 liang each), Zhu Sha (Cinnabar, 0.5 liang, finely ground).
Take one part of the Zhu Sha powder and mix evenly with the two powders mentioned above. Use the paste to bind and form pills the size of a longan fruit. Coat with the remaining Zhu Sha powder. Dissolve one pill in warm wine for administration; use two pills for severe cases. The goal is to induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, the patient regains consciousness; if not, the condition is incurable.