始因虚而生痰，继因痰而成实，补之则痰益固，攻之则正不支，惟寓攻于补，庶正复而
痰不滋，或寓补于攻，斯痰去而正无损，是在辨其虚实多寡而施之。
橘皮汤
半夏（制，五两） 茯苓 陈皮（各三两） 细辛 青皮 桔梗 枳壳 甘草（
炙，各二两） 人参 旋复花（去萼，各一两）
上锉散，每服三钱，生姜五浓片，煎服。（《直指》）
六君子汤
人参 白术 茯苓 甘草（减半） 陈皮 半夏（各一钱）
水二盏，姜五片，煎至一盅去滓，不拘时服。
夫痰即水也，其本在肾。痰即液也，其本在脾。在肾者气虚水泛，在脾者土虚不化。攻
之则弥盛，补之则潜消，自非圣知，罕能得其故也。
济生肾气丸
四君子汤
苓桂术甘汤
凡痰饮停凝心膈上下，或痞、或呕、或利，久而不去，或虽去而复生者，法当温之。盖
痰本于脾，温则能健，痰生于湿，温则易行也。
《千金》半夏汤 治冷痰。
白术（三两） 半夏（一升） 生姜（八两） 茯苓 人参 桂心 甘草（炙） 附
水八升，煮三升，分温服。
吴茱萸汤
吴茱萸 人参 半夏（姜制） 桂心（各二两） 茯苓（二两） 甘草（一两）
姜枣汤煎三钱，空心温服，日二。
《圣济总录》曰∶气为阳，阳不足者，不能消导水饮，则聚而成痰，浸渍肠胃，上为呕
酸，下为洞泄寒中，久不已则令人消瘦，少气倚息，妨于饮食。昔人治痰饮，多以温药和之
沉香茯苓丸 温脾胃，利胸膈，和气血。
沉香（一两） 白茯苓 制半夏 人参 丁香（各二两） 甘草 陈皮（去白）
共末，蜜丸桐子大，姜汤下二十丸。
《本事》神术丸
茅山苍术（一斤，去皮，研为末） 生芝麻（半两，水二盏研滤去汁） 大枣（十五枚，煮
上三味搜和，乘热入臼杵丸，如梧子大，干之，每日空腹温汤吞下五十丸，加至一百丸
，二百丸。忌桃李雀蛤。初服心膈微燥，进山栀散一服，不燥矣。
许叔微云∶予平生有二疾，一则脏腑下血，二则膈中停饮。血有时而止，停饮则无时而
始因年少时夜坐为文，左向伏几案，是以饮食多坠向左边，中夜以后，稍困乏则饮酒两三杯
，既卧就枕，又向左边侧睡。气壮盛时殊不觉，三五年后，觉酒止从左边下，漉漉有声，胁
痛，饮食殊减，十数日必呕吐数升酸水。暑月止是右边身有汗 常润，左边病处绝燥。遍
访名医，及海上方，服之少有验。间或中病，止得月余复作。其补则如天雄、附子、矾石；
其利则如牵牛、大戟、甘遂，备尝之矣。予后揣度之，已成癖囊，如潦水之有窠臼，不盈窠
不行，水盈窠而后行者也。清者可行，浊者依然停蓄，盖下无路以决之也。是以积之五七日
，必稍吐去，而稍宽，数日复作。夫脾土恶湿而水则流湿，莫若燥脾以胜湿，崇土以填窠臼
，则疾当去矣。于是悉屏诸药，一味服苍术，三月而疾愈。自此一向服数年，不呕不吐，胸膈
宽，饮啖如故。暑月汗周体而身凉，饮亦当中下。前此饮渍于肝，目亦多昏眩，其后灯下能
书细字，皆苍术之力也。予初用茅术，半年后，止用燥烈味极辛者，削去皮不浸，极有力，
而亦自然不燥也。山栀散用山栀一味，干为之末，沸汤点服。故知久坐，不可伏向一边，时
或运动，亦消息之法。
起初是因为正气虚弱而生痰，随后因为痰浊积聚而转化为实证。此时若用补法，痰邪会更加坚固；若用攻伐法，正气则难以支撑。只有将攻邪之法寓于补益之中，才能使正气恢复而痰邪不再滋生；或者将补益之法寓于攻邪之中，才能使痰邪去除而正气不受损伤。这关键在于辨别虚证与实证的多少比例，从而实施相应的治疗。
橘皮汤
半夏（制，五两） 茯苓 陈皮（各三两） 细辛 青皮 桔梗 枳壳 甘草（炙，各二两） 人参 旋复花（去萼，各一两）
以上药物切碎成散剂，每次服用三钱，加生姜五厚片，煎汤服用。（出自《直指方》）
六君子汤
人参 白术 茯苓 甘草（减半） 陈皮 半夏（各一钱）
加水两盏，生姜五片，煎煮至一盏，去渣滓，不拘泥时间服用。
痰本质上就是水液，其根源在于肾。痰本质上也是津液，其根源在于脾。在肾方面，是气虚导致水液泛滥；在脾方面，是脾土虚弱不能运化水湿。此时若用攻伐法，痰饮反而更加旺盛；若用补益法，痰饮则会暗中消散。除非拥有圣人的智慧，否则很少能明白其中的道理。
凡是痰饮停滞在心膈上下部位，出现痞满、呕吐或腹泻等症状，日久不愈，或者虽然暂时去除却又复发的，治法应当采用温法。因为痰本源于脾，温热能健脾，痰生于湿气，温热能促进湿气运行。
《千金方》半夏汤：治疗冷痰。
白术（三两） 半夏（一升） 生姜（八两） 茯苓 人参 桂心 甘草（炙） 附子
加水八升，煮取三升，分三次温服。
吴茱萸汤
吴茱萸 人参 半夏（姜制） 桂心（各二两） 茯苓（二两） 甘草（一两）
用姜枣汤煎煮三钱，空腹温服，每日两次。
《圣济总录》说：气属于阳，阳气不足的人，不能消导水饮，于是聚集成痰，浸渍肠胃，向上表现为呕吐酸水，向下表现为洞泄寒中（严重的寒性腹泻），长久不愈会导致人体消瘦、少气短促且呼吸依赖外力、妨碍饮食。古人治疗痰饮，多用温药来调和。
沉香茯苓丸：温补脾胃，通利胸膈，调和气血。
沉香（一两） 白茯苓 制半夏 人参 丁香（各二两） 甘草 陈皮（去白）
共研为末，用蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸药，用姜汤送服二十丸。
《本事方》神术丸
茅山苍术（一斤，去皮，研磨为末） 生芝麻（半两，用水两盏研磨后过滤取汁） 大枣（十五枚，煮熟）
以上三味混合均匀，趁热放入臼中捣杵成丸，如梧桐子大小，晾干。每天空腹用温开水吞服五十丸，逐渐增加至一百丸，再增至二百丸。忌食桃李雀蛤。刚开始服药时心膈会有轻微燥热感，服用一次山栀散后，燥热感消失。
许叔微说：我平生有两种疾病，一种是脏腑下血，另一种是膈间停饮。出血有时能停止，但停饮却无时不在。起因是年轻时夜晚坐着写文章，身体向左倾斜伏在案几上，因此饮食多坠向左边。半夜以后，稍微困乏就喝两三杯酒，睡觉枕枕头时，又向左侧卧。气血壮盛时并不觉得有什么不适，三五年后，感觉酒只从左边下行，漉漉有声，胁肋疼痛，饮食大大减少，每隔十几天必然呕吐数升酸水。夏天只有右侧身体出汗，经常湿润，左侧患病处绝对干燥。遍访名医及海外偏方，服药少有见效的。偶尔中病，也只能维持一个多月便复发。他的补法像天雄、附子、矾石；他的利法像牵牛、大戟、甘遂，我都尝试过了。后来我揣摩病情，认为已成癖囊（一种积聚病），就像积水有坑洼一样，坑洼不满水就不流动，水满了坑洼才流动。清稀的水可以流动，浑浊的水依然停蓄，这是因为下面没有通路来决堤排泄。所以积累到五七天后，必须稍微吐出一些，症状稍缓解，几天后又发作。脾土厌恶湿气，而水会流向潮湿之处，不如燥脾以胜湿，培土以填平坑洼，那么疾病就会去除。于是全部停用其他药物，只一味服用苍术，三个月后疾病痊愈。从此一直服用数年，不再呕吐，胸膈宽舒，饮食如常。夏天汗出周身而身体凉爽，饮水也能正常下行。此前饮水浸渍肝脏，眼睛也多有昏眩，后来能在灯下书写小字，都是苍术的功效。我最初使用茅苍术，半年后，只使用气味极辛、燥烈者，削去外皮不浸泡，效力极强，而且自然也不会引起燥热。山栀散只用山栀一味，晒干研为末，用沸水冲服。所以知道久坐时，不可总是伏向一边，时常运动，也是调理的方法。
Initially, phlegm arises due to deficiency; subsequently, phlegm accumulation transforms into excess. Tonification will make the phlegm more entrenched, while purgation will fail to support the healthy Qi. Only by incorporating purgation within tonification can the healthy Qi be restored and the proliferation of phlegm prevented; or by incorporating tonification within purgation, the phlegm can be eliminated without damaging the healthy Qi. This depends on distinguishing the proportion of deficiency and excess to apply appropriate treatment.
Jupi Tang (Tangerine Peel Decoction)
Banxia (Prepared Pinellia Rhizome, five liang) Fuling (Poria) Chenpi (Aged Tangerine Peel, three liang each) Xixin (Asarum) Qingpi (Green Tangerine Peel) Jiegeng (Platycodon Root) Zhike (Bitter Orange Fruit) Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root, two liang each) Renshen (Ginseng Root) Xuanfuhua (Inula Flower, one liang each, calyx removed)
Crush all ingredients into a powder. Take three qian per dose, with five thick slices of Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger), decocted in water and taken orally. (From *Zhizhi Fang*)
Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction)
Renshen (Ginseng Root) Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) Fuling (Poria) Gancao (Licorice Root, halved dosage) Chenpi (Aged Tangerine Peel) Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome, one qian each)
Add two zhan of water and five slices of Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger). Decoct until one zhou remains, strain, and take at any time.
Phlegm is essentially water; its root lies in the Kidney. Phlegm is essentially body fluids; its root lies in the Spleen. In the case of the Kidney, it is Qi deficiency causing water overflow; in the case of the Spleen, it is Earth deficiency failing to transform dampness. Purgation will cause it to flourish further, while tonification will cause it to dissipate secretly. Unless one possesses sage-like wisdom, it is rare to understand the underlying principle.
Jisheng Shenqi Wan (Kidney Qi Pill from *Jisheng Fang*)
Sijunzi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction)
Linggui Zhugan Tang (Poria, Cinnamon Twig, Atractylodes, and Licorice Decoction)
Whenever phlegm-fluid retention stagnates above and below the chest and diaphragm, presenting as fullness, vomiting, or diarrhea, and persists for a long time or recurs after temporary relief, the method should be to warm. Since phlegm originates from the Spleen, warmth strengthens the Spleen; since phlegm is born from dampness, warmth facilitates its movement.
*Qianjin Fang* Banxia Tang (Pinellia Decoction): Treats cold-phlegm.
Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, three liang) Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome, one sheng) Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger, eight liang) Fuling (Poria) Renshen (Ginseng Root) Guixin (Cinnamon Twig) Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root) Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root)
Add eight sheng of water, boil down to three sheng, divide into three warm doses.
Wuzhuyu Tang (Evodia Decoction)
Wuzhuyu (Evodia Fruit) Renshen (Ginseng Root) Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome, ginger-processed) Guixin (Cinnamon Twig, two liang each) Fuling (Poria, two liang) Gancao (Licorice Root, one liang)
Decoct three qian with Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) and Dazao (Jujube), take warm on an empty stomach, twice daily.
*Shengji Zonglu* states: Qi belongs to Yang. Those with insufficient Yang cannot guide and transform fluid retention, leading to aggregation into phlegm. This infiltrates the intestines and stomach, manifesting upwards as vomiting of sour fluid, and downwards as severe watery diarrhea with cold sensation in the middle jiao. If prolonged, it causes emaciation, shortness of breath with reliance on forced respiration, and impedes eating. Ancients treated phlegm-fluid retention mostly with warming herbs to harmonize.
Chenxiang Fuling Wan (Agarwood and Poria Pill): Warms the Spleen and Stomach, benefits the chest and diaphragm, and harmonizes Qi and Blood.
Chenxiang (Agarwood) Fuling (Poria) Zhibanxia (Prepared Pinellia Rhizome) Renshen (Ginseng Root) Dingxiang (Clove, two liang each) Gancao (Licorice Root) Chenpi (Aged Tangerine Peel, pith removed)
Grind into powder, mix with honey to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty pills with ginger soup.
*Benshi Fang* Shenzhu Wan (Divine Efficacy Pill)
Maoshan Cangzhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Lanatae from Maoshan, one jin, peeled and ground into powder) Shengzhima (Raw Sesame Seed, half liang, ground with two zhan of water, filtered for juice) Dazao (Jujube, fifteen pieces, boiled)
Mix the three ingredients thoroughly, pound in a mortar while hot to form pills the size of paulownia seeds, and dry. Swallow fifty pills with warm water on an empty stomach daily, gradually increasing to one hundred, then two hundred. Avoid peaches, plums, sparrows, and clams. Initially, there may be slight dryness in the chest and diaphragm; taking Shanzi San (Gardenia Powder) once resolves this dryness.
Xu Shuwei said: I have had two ailments throughout my life: one is bleeding from the lower organs, and the other is fluid retention in the diaphragm. The bleeding stops occasionally, but the fluid retention is constant. It originated from when I was young, sitting up late writing, leaning left over the desk, causing food to settle more on the left side. After midnight, when slightly tired, I drank two or three cups of wine. When lying down to sleep, I also slept on my left side. When my Qi and blood were vigorous, I felt nothing abnormal. However, after three to five years, I felt the wine flowing only down the left side with a sloshing sound, accompanied by hypochondriac pain and significantly reduced appetite. Every ten days or so, I would vomit several sheng of sour fluid. In summer, only the right side of my body sweated and remained moist, while the left diseased side was completely dry. I visited many famous doctors and sought overseas prescriptions, but few were effective. Occasionally, the medicine worked, but the condition relapsed after a month or so. Their tonifying methods used herbs like Tianxiong (Aconitum Lateralis Preparatum), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root), and Fanshi (Alumen); their draining methods used herbs like Qianniu (Morning Glory Seed), Daji (Euphorbia Root), and Gansui (Kansui Root). I tried them all. Later, I analyzed the condition and realized it had formed a "Pi Nang" (a type of mass/accumulation), like water accumulating in a depression. Water does not flow until the depression is filled; once filled, it flows. The clear part could flow, but the turbid part remained stagnant because there was no outlet below. Thus, after accumulating for five to seven days, I would vomit some out, feel slightly relieved, but relapse after a few days. The Spleen Earth dislikes dampness, and water flows to damp places. It is best to dry the Spleen to overcome dampness and fortify the Earth to fill the depression, so the disease would go away. Therefore, I discarded all other medicines and took only Cangzhu (Atractylodes Rhizome). After three months, the disease was cured. I continued taking it for several years thereafter, with no vomiting, a wide chest and diaphragm, and normal appetite. In summer, sweat covered my whole body and my body felt cool, and drinking water flowed normally downward. Previously, fluid infiltration affected the Liver, causing frequent dizziness and blurred vision; later, I could write small characters under a lamp, all due to the power of Cangzhu. I initially used Maoshan Cangzhu; after half a year, I used only those with extremely pungent and drying properties, peeled without soaking. They were very potent yet naturally did not cause dryness. Shanzi San uses only Shanzi (Gardenia Fruit), dried and ground into powder, taken with boiling water. Thus, one knows that prolonged sitting should not involve leaning to one side constantly; occasional movement is also a method of regulation.