热嗽有久暴之异，暴者时热伤肺也，肺象金而恶热，得之则脉数，气促，口渴，胸膈不
利，
咽喉肿痛。子和云∶热乘肺者，急喘而嗽，面赤潮热，手足寒，乳子每多有之。久者风寒不
解，久而化火，肺受火邪，气从火化，有升无降，其候咳唾痰浊，烦热口渴，或吐脓血，甚
者身热不已，则成肺劳。
六味竹叶石膏汤
石膏（ ） 淡竹叶 桔梗 薄荷叶 木通 甘草（各一钱）
水煎服
又治热嗽，诸药不效者方
人参 石膏 甘草 半夏 麦冬 知母 五味 杏仁 枇杷叶
水煎服。
按∶五味子治嗽，新病惟热伤肺者宜之。若风寒所客，则敛而不去矣。久病气耗者，非
五味子不能收之，然热痰不除，则留固弥坚矣。
紫菀丸 《衍义》云∶一妇人患肺热久嗽，身如炙，肌瘦，将成肺劳，以枇杷叶
、木
通、款冬花、紫菀、杏仁、桑白皮各等分，大黄减半，各如常制治讫，同为末，炼蜜丸如樱
桃大，食后夜卧，各含化一丸，未终剂而愈。此泻肺中积热之剂。
人参清肺汤（《和剂》） 治肺痿，吐血，年久劳嗽，喘急坐卧不安。
人参 炙甘草 阿胶（炒） 杏仁（去皮尖） 桑皮 知母 粟壳（去蒂盖，蜜炙） 乌梅（
去核） 地骨皮（各等分）
每服三钱，水盅半，姜一片，枣一枚，食后温服。
按∶此方治劳嗽最宜，盖以温补虚损之阴，以酸收散亡之阳也。
元霜膏 治虚劳热嗽，咯血唾血神效。
乌梅汁 梨汁 柿霜 白沙糖 白蜜 萝卜汁（各四两） 生姜汁（一两） 赤茯苓末（八
两，用乳汁浸晒九次） 款冬花 紫菀（并末，各二两）
上共入砂锅成熬成膏，丸如弹子大，每一丸，临卧含化咽下。
定肺丸
款冬花 紫菀 知母 贝母 人参 炙甘草 桑白皮 马兜铃 御米壳 五味子 麦冬
百部 乌梅肉（等分）
上为细末，炼蜜丸樱桃大，噙化下一丸。
《直指》人参紫菀散 治虚劳咳嗽。
人参 五味子 紫菀茸 陈皮 贝母 紫苏叶 桑白皮（炒，各一两） 白茯苓（二两）
杏仁 甘草（炙，各七钱五分） 川芎 半夏曲 阿胶（蛤粉炒，五钱）
上 咀，每服一两，水二盅，姜七片，乌梅一个，煎一盅温服。
热嗽有久病和暴发的不同。暴发者，是时令热邪损伤肺脏所致。肺在五行中属金，性质畏热，受热邪侵袭后，会出现脉象数急、气短急促、口渴、胸膈部感觉不畅利、咽喉红肿疼痛等症状。张子和说：热邪侵犯肺脏，表现为呼吸急促且咳嗽，面色发红，午后潮热，手足发凉，哺乳期的妇女常常出现这种情况。久病者，是由于风寒之邪未能及时解除，日久转化为火邪，肺脏受到火邪侵害，肺气随火势而化，只有上升没有下降，其症状表现为咳嗽并吐出浑浊的痰液，心烦发热且口渴，或者咳吐脓血，严重的身体发热持续不退，最终形成肺劳（肺痨）。
六味竹叶石膏汤
石膏（用量未注明） 淡竹叶 桔梗 薄荷叶 木通 甘草（各一钱）
用水煎煮后服用。
又治疗热嗽，使用其他药物无效者的方剂：
人参 石膏 甘草 半夏 麦冬 知母 五味子 杏仁 枇杷叶
用水煎煮后服用。
按语：五味子治疗咳嗽，新发病且因热邪伤肺者适宜使用。如果是风寒邪气客居体内，则会使邪气收敛而难以排出。久病导致气虚耗损的患者，非五味子不能收敛正气，然而如果热痰不消除，则会使得邪气固结得更加牢固。
紫菀丸 《本草衍义》记载：有一位妇人患有肺热引起的长期咳嗽，身体感觉像被火烤一样，肌肉消瘦，快要发展成肺劳，用枇杷叶、木通、款冬花、紫菀、杏仁、桑白皮各等分，大黄减半，按照常规方法炮制处理后，共同研成细末，用炼蜜制成如樱桃大小的药丸，饭后及夜间卧床时，每次含服一丸，尚未用完药即痊愈。这是泻除肺中积热的方剂。
人参清肺汤（出自《太平惠民和剂局方》） 治疗肺痿，吐血，多年劳嗽，气喘急促，坐卧不安。
人参 炙甘草 阿胶（炒制） 杏仁（去皮尖） 桑白皮 知母 粟壳（去蒂盖，用蜜炙） 乌梅（去核） 地骨皮（各等分）
每次服用三钱，用水一盏半，生姜一片，大枣一枚，饭后温服。
按语：此方治疗劳嗽最为适宜，大概是因为它能温补虚损之阴，并用酸味收敛散亡之阳。
元霜膏 治疗虚劳热嗽，咯血、唾血有神效。
乌梅汁 梨汁 柿霜 白沙糖 白蜜 萝卜汁（各四两） 生姜汁（一两） 赤茯苓末（八两，用乳汁浸泡晒九次） 款冬花 紫菀（均研为末，各二两）
以上药材共同放入砂锅中熬制成膏，制成如弹子大小的药丸，每一丸，临睡前含服咽下。
定肺丸
款冬花 紫菀 知母 贝母 人参 炙甘草 桑白皮 马兜铃 御米壳（罂粟壳） 五味子 麦冬 百部 乌梅肉（等分）
以上药材研为细末，用炼蜜制成如樱桃大小的药丸，噙化下一丸。
《直指方》人参紫菀散 治疗虚劳咳嗽。
人参 五味子 紫菀茸 陈皮 贝母 紫苏叶 桑白皮（炒制，各一两） 白茯苓（二两） 杏仁 甘草（炙制，各七钱五分） 川芎 半夏曲 阿胶（蛤粉炒制，五钱）
以上药材切碎，每次服用一两，用水二盅，生姜七片，乌梅一个，煎至一盅，温服。
Heat-induced cough presents with differences between acute and chronic onset. Acute cases result from seasonal heat pathogens injuring the Lung. The Lung corresponds to Metal in the Five Phases and dislikes heat; upon invasion by heat, symptoms include rapid pulse (Shu Mai), shortness of breath, thirst, discomfort in the chest and diaphragm, and swelling and pain in the throat. Zhang Zihe stated: When heat invades the Lung, it manifests as urgent panting and coughing, a red face, tidal fever, and cold hands and feet; this is common in nursing mothers. Chronic cases arise when wind-cold pathogens fail to resolve over time, transforming into fire. The Lung suffers from fire evil, causing Lung Qi to transform with fire, rising but not descending. Symptoms include coughing up turbid phlegm, irritability, fever, thirst, or expectoration of pus and blood. In severe cases, persistent body heat leads to Lung Consumption (Fei Lao).
Liuwei Zhuye Shigao Decoction
Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) [dosage unspecified] Danzhuyexie (Lophatherum Herb) Jiegeng (Platycodon Root) Boheyexie (Mentha Haplocalyx) Mutong (Akebia Caulis) Gancao (Licorice Root) (each 1 qian)
Decoct in water and take orally.
Another prescription for heat-induced cough unresponsive to other medications:
Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) Gancao (Licorice Root) Banxia (Pinellia Tuber) Maidong (Ophiopogon Tuber) Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome) Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit) Xingren (Apricot Seed) Pipaye (Loquat Leaf)
Decoct in water and take orally.
Note: Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit) is suitable for treating coughs in new-onset cases caused by heat injuring the Lung. If invaded by wind-cold, its astringent property would retain the pathogen. For chronic cases involving Qi depletion, only Wuweizi can consolidate Qi; however, if hot phlegm is not eliminated, the pathogenic factor will become firmly entrenched.
Ziwan Wan (Periploca Pill) According to *Bencao Yan Yi*: A woman suffered from long-term cough due to Lung heat, feeling as if her body were roasted, with emaciation, approaching Lung Consumption. She was treated with equal parts of Pipaye (Loquat Leaf), Mutong (Akebia Caulis), Kuandonghua (Flos Farfarae), Ziwan (Radix Periplocae), Xingren (Apricot Seed), Sangbaipi (Cortex Mori Radicis), and half the amount of Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma). After processing according to standard methods, they were ground into powder, mixed with refined honey, and formed into pills the size of cherries. One pill was held in the mouth to dissolve after meals and before sleep. The condition was cured before the course of treatment ended. This is a formula that purges accumulated heat from the Lung.
Renshen Qingfei Tang (from *Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang*) Treats Lung Flaccidity (Fei Wei), hemoptysis, chronic consumption cough, panting, and restlessness in sitting or lying positions.
Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) Zhigancao (Prepared Licorice Root) Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin) (stir-fried) Xingren (Apricot Seed) (skin and tip removed) Sangpi (Cortex Mori Radicis) Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome) Suke (Papaveris Pericarpium) (stalks and calyx removed, honey-fried) Wumei (Mume Fructus) (pit removed) Digupi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) (equal parts)
Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with 1.5 cups of water, one slice of ginger, and one jujube. Take warm after meals.
Note: This formula is most suitable for treating consumption cough because it warms and tonifies deficient Yin and uses sour flavors to consolidate scattered Yang.
Yuanshuang Gao (Frost Cream) Effectively treats consumption heat cough, hemoptysis, and spitting blood.
Wumeizhi (Mume Juice) Lizhi (Pear Juice) Shishuang (Diospyros Frost) Baishatang (White Rock Sugar) Baimi (Honey) Luobozhi (Radish Juice) (each 4 liang) Shengjiangzhi (Ginger Juice) (1 liang) Chifulingmo (Polyporus Powder) (8 liang, soaked in cow's milk and sun-dried nine times) Kuandonghua (Flos Farfarae) Ziwan (Radix Periplocae) (both powdered, each 2 liang)
Combine all ingredients in a clay pot and simmer into a paste. Form into pills the size of marbles. Hold one pill in the mouth to dissolve and swallow before sleep.
Dingfei Wan (Lung-Calming Pill)
Kuandonghua (Flos Farfarae) Ziwan (Radix Periplocae) Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome) Beimu (Fritillaria Bulb) Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) Zhigancao (Prepared Licorice Root) Sangbaipi (Cortex Mori Radicis) Madouling (Aristolochiae Manshuriensis Radix) Yumiqiao (Papaveris Pericarpium) Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit) Maidong (Ophiopogon Tuber) Baibu (Stemonae Radix) Wumeirou (Mume Flesh) (equal parts)
Grind into fine powder, mix with refined honey, and form into pills the size of cherries. Hold one pill in the mouth to dissolve and swallow.
*Zhizhi Fang* Renshen Ziwan San (Ginseng and Periploca Powder) Treats consumption cough.
Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit) Ziwanrong (Radix Periplocae with root hairs) Chenpi (Citrus Reticulata Pericarpium) Beimu (Fritillaria Bulb) Zisuye (Perilla Leaf) Sangbaipi (Cortex Mori Radicis) (stir-fried, each 1 liang) Baifuling (Poria) (2 liang) Xingren (Apricot Seed) Zhigancao (Prepared Licorice Root) (each 7.5 qian) Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome) Banxiaqu (Pinellia Fermented Paste) Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin) (fried with clam powder, 5 qian)
Cut into pieces. Take 1 liang per dose, decoct with 2 cups of water, seven slices of ginger, and one mume fruit. Simmer until one cup remains, then take warm.