《内经》曰∶“大肠者,传道之官,变化出焉”。又云∶大肠为白肠。
手阳明穴起商阳,二间、三间、合谷藏,阳溪、偏历、温溜长,下廉、上廉、手三里,
曲池、肘 、五里近,臂 、肩 、巨骨当,天鼎、扶突、禾 接,鼻旁五分号迎香(左右
此一经起于商阳,终于迎香,取商阳、二间、三间、合谷、阳溪、曲池,与井荥俞原经
其脉起于大指次指之端,循指上廉出合谷两骨之间,上入两筋之中,循臂上廉,入肘外
廉,上循 外前廉,上肩,出 骨之前廉,上出柱骨之会上,下入缺盆,络肺,下膈,
属大肠;其支者,从缺盆上颈贯颊,入下齿中,还出挟口,交人中──左之右,右之左──上挟
鼻孔,循禾 ,迎香而终,以交于足阳明也。是经气血俱多,卯时气血注此,受手太阴之交
。
庚金之腑,脉详右寸。实则脉实,伤热而肠满不通,辛温可泻。虚则脉虚,伤寒而肠鸣
泄痛,补必酸凉。蒸黄连而解酒毒,炒浓朴而止便红。肠风妙川乌荆芥,脏毒奇卷柏黄 。
痢中六神丸,宜调则调;带下百中散,可止则止。润肠通秘,麻仁丸果有神效,行滞推坚,
六磨汤岂无奇功。痔疮热痛,脑麝研入蜗牛,胆冰磨敷井水;痢疾腹痛,姜茶煎治出坡仙,
梅蜜饮方书登父,肠内生痈,返魂汤而加减随宜,十宣散去增适可。尝闻食石饮水,可作充
肠之馔;饵松食柏,亦成清腑之方。是以疗饥者不在珍馐,调肠者何烦异术,能穷针里阴阳
,自获殊常效验。
《黄帝内经》说:“大肠是传导之官,负责食物的变化与排泄。”又说:大肠被称为白肠。
手阳明经的穴位起始于商阳穴,接着是二间、三间,合谷穴蕴藏其中;阳溪、偏历、温溜穴依次排列;下廉、上廉、手三里穴位于前臂;曲池、肘髎、五里穴靠近肘部;臂臑、肩髃、巨骨穴正当肩部;天鼎、扶突、禾髎穴相接,鼻旁五分处为迎香穴(左右两侧各一)。这一条经脉起于商阳穴,终于迎香穴。选取商阳、二间、三间、合谷、阳溪、曲池等穴,对应井、荥、输、原、经穴理论。其经脉起于食指末端,沿手指上缘上行,出于合谷穴两骨之间,向上进入两筋之中,沿手臂上缘上行,入肘外缘,沿上臂外侧前缘上行,过肩,出锁骨之前缘,向上出于柱骨(颈椎)的交会处,向下进入缺盆,联络肺脏,向下穿过横膈,属于大肠;其分支从缺盆上行至颈部贯穿面颊,进入下齿中,再回出口角旁,交叉于人中部──左侧交叉到右侧,右侧交叉到左侧──上行挟持鼻孔,沿禾髎穴,至迎香穴结束,从而交接于足阳明胃经。这条经脉气血旺盛,卯时气血注入此经,承接自手太阴肺经的交接。
大肠为庚金之腑,脉象详见于右寸口。实证则脉象实,因热邪损伤导致肠道胀满不通,可用辛温之法泻之。虚证则脉象虚,因伤寒导致肠鸣泄泻疼痛,补法必用酸凉之品。蒸黄连可解酒毒,炒浓朴可止便血。治疗肠风便血妙用川乌、荆芥,治疗脏毒奇效在于卷柏、黄芩。痢疾服用六神丸,适宜调理则调理;带下病服用百中散,可以止住则止住。润肠通便,麻仁丸果然有神奇疗效;行气导滞推坚,六磨汤难道没有奇功吗?痔疮热痛,将脑麝研末纳入蜗牛体内,或用胆矾冰片磨敷井水;痢疾腹痛,用姜茶煎服治疗出自苏东坡,梅蜜饮方书记载于父辈经验。肠内生痈,返魂汤加减随宜使用,十宣散去增减适中即可。曾听说吃石头喝水,可以作为充饥的食物;食用松子柏实,也成为清利脏腑的方剂。因此,疗饥者不在于珍馐美味,调理肠道何必烦劳奇异之术,若能精通针灸中的阴阳道理,自然能获得特殊的疗效。
The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: "The Large Intestine is the official of transmission, where changes occur." It also says: The Large Intestine is called the white intestine.
The acupoints of the Hand-Yangming Meridian begin at Shangyang (LI1), followed by Erjian (LI2), Sanjian (LI3), and Hegu (LI4); Yangxi (LI5), Pianli (LI6), and Wenliu (LI7) extend in sequence; Xiaolian (LI8), Shanglian (LI9), and Shousanli (LI10); Quchi (LI11), Zhouliao (LI12), and Wuli (LI13) are near the elbow; Binao (LI14), Jianyu (LI15), and Jugu (LI16) correspond to the shoulder; Tianding (LI17), Futu (LI18), and Heliao (LI19) connect, while Yingxiang (LI20) is located five fen lateral to the nose (on both sides). This meridian starts at Shangyang (LI1) and ends at Yingxiang (LI20). Selecting Shangyang (LI1), Erjian (LI2), Sanjian (LI3), Hegu (LI4), Yangxi (LI5), and Quchi (LI11) corresponds to the Jing-River-Shu-Source-Jing point theory. The meridian originates at the tip of the index finger, follows the radial aspect of the finger, emerges between the two bones at Hegu (LI4), ascends into the space between the two tendons, follows the radial aspect of the forearm, enters the lateral aspect of the elbow, follows the anterior aspect of the lateral upper arm, passes over the shoulder, emerges anterior to the clavicle, ascends to meet at the cervical vertebrae, descends into the Supraclavicular Fossa (Quepen), connects with the Lung, passes through the diaphragm, and belongs to the Large Intestine; its branch ascends from the Supraclavicular Fossa to the neck, penetrates the cheek, enters the lower teeth, returns to exit beside the mouth, crosses at the Philtrum (Renzhong)──left crossing to right, right crossing to left──ascends beside the nostril, follows Heliao (LI19), and terminates at Yingxiang (LI20), thereby connecting with the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. This meridian is abundant in Qi and Blood; during the Mao hour (5-7 AM), Qi and Blood flow into it, receiving the connection from the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian.
The Large Intestine is the Fu organ of Geng Metal; its pulse is detailed at the Right Cun position. In excess patterns, the pulse is excess; heat injury causes intestinal fullness and obstruction, which can be drained with Acrid-Warm methods. In deficiency patterns, the pulse is deficient; cold damage causes borborygmus, diarrhea, and pain, which must be tonified with Sour-Cool methods. Steamed Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian) resolves alcohol toxicity; stir-fried Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Houpo) stops hematochezia. For wind-intestinal bleeding, Chuanwu and Schizonepeta are excellent; for internal toxin hemorrhage, Polyporus and Scutellaria are miraculous. For dysentery, Liushen Wan is used; if regulation is suitable, regulate it; for leukorrhea, Baizhong San is used; if stopping is possible, stop it. To moisten the intestines and relieve constipation, Maren Wan indeed has miraculous effects; to promote stagnation and push hardness, Liumo Tang surely possesses unique merits. For hemorrhoid heat and pain, grind Musk and Bear Gallbladder Stone into snail flesh; or apply Bear Bile and Ice Plant powder mixed with well water. For dysentery abdominal pain, decoct ginger tea for treatment as recorded by Su Dongpo; the Plum-Honey Drink is documented in ancestral texts. For intestinal abscesses, return-of-the-soul Decoction (Fanhun Tang) is modified appropriately; Shixuan San is adjusted moderately. I have heard that eating stones and drinking water can serve as a meal to fill the stomach; consuming pine nuts and cypress seeds also forms a method to clear the Fu organs. Therefore, those seeking to alleviate hunger do not rely on delicacies; those regulating the intestines need no exotic techniques. If one can thoroughly understand Yin and Yang within acupuncture, one will naturally achieve extraordinary efficacy.