五处、身柱、委中、委阳、昆仑、主脊强反折。螈 癫疾。（千）。鬲关等、主脊强。
背痛。）昆仑、主脊强。背尻骨重。京门、石关、主脊 反折。阴谷、主脊内廉痛。
至阳、疗脊急强。（明）章门、（见水肿。）鬲俞、（背痛。）胃仓、（腹胀。）大肠俞、
治脊强不得俯仰。（铜）胃俞、治脊痛。（铜见腹胀。明下同。）脾俞、大肠俞、主腹中气
胀引脊痛。食多身瘦。名曰食晦。先取脾俞。后取季肋。（千）膀胱俞、疗脊急强。（见腰
脊。）赤白泄洞利。腰脊痛。小肠俞五十壮。（见寒热。）气穴、治贲气上下。引腰脊痛
。（见月事。）腰俞、主月闭。溺赤。脊强互引反折。汗不出。中膂俞、治肾虚消渴。腰
脊不得俯仰。（见消渴。）明下云、夹脊膂痛。上下按之应者。从项后至此穴皆灸之。立愈。
（见腰脊。）
附分、治肩背急。风冷客于腠。颈项强痛。不得顾。阳白、治背腠寒栗。重衣不得温
。（铜）次 、治背腠寒。肝俞、疗腠中痛。（明下）次 、疗腰下至足不仁。背腠寒。小
便赤淋。心下坚胀。（见疝。）
史记扁鹊之言曰疾居腠理汤熨之所及也在血脉针石之所及也。在肠胃酒醪之所及也
。其在骨
髓、虽司命无奈之何也。夫疾之在骨髓。盖始于居腠理也。使居腠理而能治。虽非圣人之治
于无病。亦贤
者治将病也。齐元侯乃以医为好利。欲治不疾以为功。而卒至于不可救。不特齐侯为然。人
皆然也。吾故载扁鹊之言于腠理之末以戒人。亦使医者当治人于将病焉耳。
五处、身柱、委中、委阳、昆仑穴，主治脊柱僵硬、身体反折。螈（肌肉抽搐）、癫疾。（出自《千金方》）。鬲关等穴，主治脊柱僵硬、背痛。昆仑穴，主治脊柱僵硬、背部及尾骶部沉重感。京门、石关穴，主治脊柱反折。阴谷穴，主治脊柱内侧疼痛。
至阳穴，治疗脊柱拘急僵硬。（出自《明堂经》）。章门穴，（参见水肿篇）。膈俞穴，（参见背痛篇）。胃仓穴，（参见腹胀篇）。大肠俞穴，治疗脊柱僵硬、不能俯仰。（出自《铜人腧穴针灸图经》）。胃俞穴，治疗脊痛。（《铜人》中亦提及腹胀，《明堂经》同此说法）。脾俞、大肠俞穴，主治腹中气胀牵引脊痛，食量多但身体消瘦，病名叫做“食晦”。先取脾俞穴，后取季肋部位。（出自《千金方》）。膀胱俞穴，治疗脊柱拘急僵硬。（参见腰脊篇）。赤白痢疾、腹泻，腰脊痛。小肠俞穴灸五十壮。（参见寒热篇）。气穴穴，治疗奔气上下冲逆，牵引腰脊痛。（参见月经篇）。腰俞穴，主治月经闭止、小便色赤、脊柱僵硬互相牵引导致身体反折、无汗。中膂俞穴，治疗肾虚消渴、腰脊不能俯仰。（参见消渴篇）。《明堂经》下文说：夹脊膂痛，上下按压时穴位有反应者，从项后到此穴都进行艾灸，可立即痊愈。（参见腰脊篇）。
附分穴，治疗肩背拘急。风冷邪气客居于腠理，导致颈项强痛，不能回顾。阳白穴，治疗背部腠理寒冷战栗，穿厚衣也不能温暖。（出自《铜人腧穴针灸图经》）。次髎穴，治疗背部腠理寒冷。肝俞穴，治疗腠理中的疼痛。（《明堂经》下文记载）。次髎穴，治疗腰部以下至足部麻木不仁，背部腠理寒冷，小便色赤涩痛，心下坚硬胀满。（参见疝气篇）。
史记记载扁鹊的话说：疾病居于腠理，是汤药热敷所能达到的范围；在血脉之中，是针石所能达到的范围；在肠胃之中，是酒剂所能达到的范围；如果在骨髓，即使是掌管生命的神仙也无法奈何它了。疾病在骨髓，大概是从居住在腠理开始的。如果能在疾病居于腠理时就加以治疗，虽然算不上圣人在无病时的预防，也是贤者在将病时的治疗。齐国的元侯却把医生当作谋取私利的人，想要治疗没有发生的疾病来作为自己的功劳，最终导致病情不可挽救。不只是齐侯这样，人们都是如此。所以我记载扁鹊关于腠理的言论在腠理篇的末尾，以警示世人，也使医者应当在疾病尚未形成时就进行治疗。
Wuchu (Excess Point, BL3), Shenzhu (Du12), Weizhong (BL40), Weiyang (BL39), and Kunlun (BL60) govern spinal stiffness and body opisthotonos. They treat muscle twitching (spasms) and epilepsy. (From *Qianjin Fang*). Heguan (SI12) and related points govern spinal stiffness and back pain. Kunlun (BL60) governs spinal stiffness and heaviness in the back and sacrum. Jingmen (GB25) and Shiguan (ST18) govern spinal opisthotonos. YinGu (KI10) governs pain along the medial aspect of the spine.
Zhiyang (Du9) treats acute spinal stiffness. (From *Mingtang Jing*). Zhangmen (LR13), (see Edema). Geshu (BL17), (see Back Pain). Weicang (BL50), (see Abdominal Distension). Dachangshu (BL25) treats spinal stiffness with inability to flex or extend. (From *Tongren Yuxue Zhenjiu Tujing*). Weishu (BL21) treats spinal pain. (*Tongren* also mentions abdominal distension; *Mingtang* agrees). Pishu (BL20) and Dachangshu (BL25) govern abdominal qi distension radiating to spinal pain, excessive eating with emaciation, a condition named "Shihui" (Food Obscurity). First select Pishu (BL20), then select the costal margin area. (From *Qianjin Fang*). Pangguangshu (BL28) treats acute spinal stiffness. (See Lumbar and Spine). It treats bloody and white dysentery, diarrhea, lumbar and spinal pain. Moxibustion on Xiaochangshu (BL36) for 50 moxa cones. (See Cold and Heat). Qixue (KI16) treats Benqi (rushing qi) moving up and down, radiating to lumbar and spinal pain. (See Menstruation). Yaoshu (Du2) governs amenorrhea, dark urine, spinal stiffness with mutual traction causing opisthotonos, and absence of sweating. Zhonglvshu (BL27) treats Kidney Deficiency Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome) and inability to flex or extend the lumbar and spine. (See Xiao Ke). The later text of *Mingtang Jing* states: For pain in the paravertebral muscles, if pressure from above and below elicits a response at the point, apply moxibustion from the nape of the neck down to this point, and it will heal immediately. (See Lumbar and Spine).
Fufen (BL17) treats shoulder and back stiffness. When wind-cold pathogens lodge in the Couli (interstices/skin pores), it causes stiff and painful neck and head, with inability to look back. Yangbai (GB14) treats cold shivering in the dorsal Couli, where wearing heavy clothes does not bring warmth. (From *Tongren Yuxue Zhenjiu Tujing*). Cishi (BL56) treats cold in the dorsal Couli. Ganshu (BL18) treats pain within the Couli. (Later text of *Mingtang Jing*). Cishi (BL56) treats numbness and insensitivity from the lower waist to the feet, cold in the dorsal Couli, dark and difficult urination, and hardness and distension in the epigastrium. (See Hernia).
The *Records of the Grand Historian* records Bian Que's words: Diseases residing in the Couli are accessible to herbal decoctions and hot compresses; those in the blood vessels are accessible to acupuncture and stone needles; those in the stomach and intestines are accessible to wine-based medicinal preparations; but if they reach the bone marrow, even the Lord of Life cannot do anything about them. Diseases in the bone marrow generally begin by lodging in the Couli. If one can treat them while they reside in the Couli, although this is not the treatment of sages who prevent disease before it arises, it is indeed the treatment of worthy individuals who treat disease before it fully forms. Duke Yuan of Qi regarded physicians as profit-seekers, desiring to claim credit for treating illnesses that had not yet occurred, and ultimately reached an incurable state. This was not unique to Duke Qi; people are generally like this. Therefore, I record Bian Que's words regarding the Couli at the end of the Couli chapter to warn people, and to make physicians treat patients when disease is merely impending.