(十四经发挥)
十二经络始于手太阴。其支者从。腕后出次指端而交于手阳明。手阳明之支者。从缺盆
上挟
口鼻而交于足阳明。足阳明之支者。从跗上出大指端而交于足太阴。足太阴之支者。从胃别
上膈。注心中而交于手少阴。手少阴无支者。直自本经少冲穴而交于手太阳。手太阳之支者
别颊上至目内 而交于足太阳。足太阳之支者。从膊内左右别下合 中。下至小指外侧端而
交于足少阴。足少阴之支者。从肺出注胸中而交于手厥阴。手厥阴之支者。从掌中循小指次
指出其端而交于手少阳。手少阳之支者。从耳后出目锐 而交于足少阳。足少阳之支者。从
跗
上入大指爪甲出三毛而交于足厥阴。足厥阴。之支者从肝别贯膈上注肺入喉咙之后。上额循
巅行督脉络阴器。过毛中行任脉。入缺盆下注肺中而复交于手太阴也。
按人一呼脉行三寸。呼吸定息脉行六寸。一日一夜凡一万三千五百息。脉行八百一十丈
每刻
一百三十五息每时八刻计一千八十息脉行六十四丈八尺。营卫四周于身。十二时九十六刻计
一万二千九百六十息。脉行七百七十七丈六尺为四十八周身。刻之余分得五百四十息。脉行
三十二丈四尺为二周于身。总之为五十度周身。八百一十丈脉合一万三千五百息也。故五十
营篇曰。二百七十息。气行十六丈二尺一周于身。此经脉之常度也。而子午流注针灸等书因
人身经脉之行始于水下一刻遂以寅时定为肺经。以十二时挨配十二经而为之歌曰。肺寅大卯
胃辰宫。脾巳心午小未中膀申肾酉心包戌。亥三子胆丑肝通继后张世贤熊宗立复为分时注释
殊不知纪漏者以寅初一刻为始。而经脉营运之度起于肺经。亦以寅初一刻为纪。故首言水下
一刻。而一刻之中气脉凡半周于身矣。焉得有大肠属卯时。胃属辰时等次也。且如手三阴脉
长三尺五寸。
足三阳脉长八尺，手少阴厥阴左右俱止十八穴足
太阳左右一百三十四穴此其长短多寡大相悬绝安得按时分发其失经旨远矣。
《十四经发挥》指出：十二经络起始于手太阴肺经。其支脉从手腕后方出来，到达食指末端，从而交接手阳明大肠经。手阳明大肠经的支脉，从缺盆穴向上挟持口鼻两侧，从而交接受足阳明胃经。足阳明胃经的支脉，从足背上方出来，到达大脚趾末端，从而交接受足太阴脾经。足太阴脾经的支脉，从胃部别出，上行穿过膈肌，注入心中，从而交接受手少阴心经。手少阴心经没有支脉，直接自本经的少冲穴交接给手太阳小肠经。手太阳小肠经的支脉，从面颊部分出，上行至内眼角，从而交接受足太阳膀胱经。足太阳膀胱经的支脉，从肩膊内侧左右分别下行，汇合于脊柱（督脉/脊中），下行至小指外侧端，从而交接受足少阴肾经。足少阴肾经的支脉，从肺部出来，注入胸中，从而交接受手厥阴心包经。手厥阴心包经的支脉，从掌心中循行，沿无名指次指（第四指）出其末端，从而交接受手少阳三焦经。手少阳三焦经的支脉，从耳后出来，到达外眼角，从而交接受足少阳胆经。足少阳胆经的支脉，从足背上方进入大脚趾指甲丛，出于趾甲后的丛毛处，从而交接受足厥阴肝经。足厥阴肝经的支脉，从肝脏别出，贯穿膈肌，上行注入肺脏，进入喉咙的后部，上达额部，循行于头顶，联络督脉，环绕生殖器，经过毛际中行任脉，进入缺盆，下行注入肺中，从而再次交接受手太阴肺经。
按：人每呼一次，脉气运行三寸；一呼一吸称为“定息”，脉气运行六寸。一天一夜共一万三千五百次呼吸，脉气运行八百一十丈。每一刻有一百三十五次呼吸，每一时八刻，共计一千零八十次呼吸，脉气运行六十四丈八尺。营气和卫气在周身循环一周。十二个时辰共九十六刻，计一万二千九百六十次呼吸，脉气运行七百七十七丈六尺，相当于在周身循环四十八周。刻数剩余的分数折合为五百四十次呼吸，脉气运行三十二丈四尺，相当于在周身循环两周。总计为一昼夜五十周全身，八百一十丈脉气对应一万三千五百次呼吸。所以《五十营篇》说：二百七十次呼吸，气行十六丈二尺，在周身循环一周。这是经脉运行的常规度数。然而《子午流注》等针灸书籍因为人身经脉的运行始于“水下一刻”（夜半子时初刻），于是将寅时定为肺经，按照十二个时辰依次配属十二经脉，并编成歌诀说：“肺寅大卯胃辰宫，脾巳心午小未中，膀申肾酉心包戌，亥三子胆丑肝通。”后来张世贤、熊宗立等人又进一步进行分时注释，却不知道古代计时器（漏壶）是以寅初一刻作为开始，而经脉营运的度数起于肺经，也是以寅初一刻作为纪始。所以说首言“水下一刻”，而在这一刻之中，气脉已经半周于身了。哪里会有大肠属卯时、胃属辰时这样的次序呢？况且如手三阴经长度各三尺五寸，足三阳经长度各八尺，手少阴、手厥阴左右各只有十八个穴位，足太阳左右有一百三十四穴，这些经脉长短和穴位多少差异巨大，怎么能按时辰分发呢？这种做法背离经典旨意太远了。
*Shi Si Jing Fa Hui* (Elucidation of the Fourteen Meridians) states: The twelve meridians begin with the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. Its branch emerges from behind the wrist, reaches the tip of the index finger, and thus connects to the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. A branch of the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian ascends from the Quepen (LI15) acupoint, flanking the mouth and nose, and thus connects to the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. A branch of the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian emerges from the dorsum of the foot, reaches the tip of the great toe, and thus connects to the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian. A branch of the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian diverges from the stomach, ascends through the diaphragm, pours into the heart, and thus connects to the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian. The Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian has no branch; it directly connects from its own Shaochong (HT9) acupoint to the Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian. A branch of the Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian diverges from the cheek, ascends to the inner canthus of the eye, and thus connects to the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian. A branch of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian diverges from the medial shoulder on both sides, descends, converges at the spine (Jizhong/Du Mai region), descends to the lateral tip of the little finger, and thus connects to the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. A branch of the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian emerges from the lung, pours into the chest, and thus connects to the Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian. A branch of the Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian follows from the center of the palm, runs along the fourth finger (ring finger), emerges at its tip, and thus connects to the Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao (Triple Energizer) Meridian. A branch of the Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian emerges from behind the ear, reaches the outer canthus of the eye, and thus connects to the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian. A branch of the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian enters from the dorsum of the foot into the big toe nail bed, emerges at the hair tuft after the nail, and thus connects to the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. A branch of the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian diverges from the liver, penetrates the diaphragm, ascends to pour into the lung, enters the posterior part of the throat, ascends to the forehead, runs along the vertex, links with the Du Mai (Governing Vessel), circles the genitalia, passes through the pubic hair region crossing the Ren Mai (Conception Vessel), enters the Quepen (LI15) area, descends to pour into the lung, and thus reconnects to the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian.
According to classical texts: With each exhalation, pulse qi travels three cun; a complete breath cycle (inhale and exhale) is called "Dingxi," during which pulse qi travels six cun. In one day and night, there are 13,500 breath cycles, and pulse qi travels 810 zhang. Each "Ke" (approx. 15 minutes) consists of 135 breaths. Each "Shi" (2 hours) has eight "Ke," totaling 1,080 breaths, during which pulse qi travels 64 zhang 8 chi. Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) qi circulate around the body. Twelve Shichen (two-hour periods) total 96 Ke, amounting to 12,960 breaths, during which pulse qi travels 777 zhang 6 chi, equivalent to 48 full circuits around the body. The remaining fraction of the Ke converts to 540 breaths, during which pulse qi travels 32 zhang 4 chi, equivalent to 2 circuits around the body. In total, this amounts to 50 circuits around the body in one day and night, with 810 zhang of pulse qi corresponding to 13,500 breaths. Therefore, the *Wu Shi Ying Pian* (Chapter on Fifty Circulations) states: In 270 breaths, qi travels 16 zhang 2 chi, completing one circuit around the body. This is the standard measure of meridian circulation. However, acupuncture books such as *Zi Wu Liu Zhu* (Midnight-Noon Ebb-Flow) assert that meridian circulation begins at "Water Under One Ke" (the first quarter hour of Zi hour/midnight). Consequently, they assign Yin hour to the Lung Meridian and match the twelve Shichen sequentially to the twelve meridians, composing a song: "Lung in Yin, Large Intestine in Mao, Stomach in Chen; Spleen in Si, Heart in Wu, Small Intestine in Wei; Bladder in Shen, Kidney in You, Pericardium in Xu; Sanjiao in Hai, Gallbladder in Zi, Liver in Chou." Later, Zhang Shixian and Xiong Zongli further provided annotations based on time division. They failed to realize that ancient water clocks started at the first quarter hour of Yin, and since meridian circulation originates from the Lung Meridian, it also begins recording from the first quarter hour of Yin. Thus, it is said to begin at "Water Under One Ke," meaning within that single Ke, qi and pulse have already completed half a circuit around the body. How could there be an order where the Large Intestine belongs to Mao hour and the Stomach to Chen hour? Furthermore, the Hand-Taiyin meridians are each 3 chi 5 cun long, the Foot-Yangming meridians are each 8 chi long, the Hand-Shaoyin and Hand-Jueyin meridians have only 18 acupoints on each side, while the Foot-Taiyang meridian has 134 acupoints on each side. These differences in length and number of acupoints are vast. How can they be distributed according to specific hours? Such practices deviate significantly from the original intent of the classics.