(聚英)
行针补泻分寒热。泻寒泻热须分别。捻指向外泻之方。捻指向内补之诀。补左须当大指
前。
补右大指往后拽(旧本泻左泻右误)泻左次指向前搓。泻右大指往上拽(旧本补左补右。误)如
何补泻有两般。盖是经从两边发补泻又要识迎随(经络之逆顺)随则为补迎为泻。古人补泻左
右分。今人乃为男女别。男女经脉一般生。昼夜循环无暂歇。两手阳经从上头。阴经胸走手
指辄。两足阳经头走足。阴经上走腹中结。随则针头随经行。迎则针头迎经夺。更有补泻定
呼吸。吸泻呼补真奇绝。补则呼出却入针。循摩针用三飞法(循摩。旧本HT 。声按道家演法
必从泥丸宫运祖气HT 的一声HT 声是也针家不用此法。故易之。三飞法见下)气至出针吸气入
。疾而一退急扪穴。泻则吸气方入针。伸提气令通身达(伸提气令旧本HT 声祖气)气至出针呼
气入。徐而三退穴开捺。此诀出自梓桑君。我今授汝心已雪。正是补泻元中元。莫向人前轻
(神应经)
陈宏刚曰。取穴既正。左手大指掐其穴。右手置针于宋上。令患人咳嗽一声。随咳内针至分
寸。候数穴针毕。停少时。用右手大指及食指持针。细细动摇。进退搓捻其针。如手颤之状
。谓之催气。约行五六次。觉针下气紧。却用泻法。如针左边。用右手大指食指持针。大指
向前。食指向后。以针头轻提往左转。如有数针。俱根据此法。俱转毕。仍用右手大指食指持
针。以食指连搓。三下谓之飞。仍轻提往左转。略退针半分许。谓之三飞一退根据此法行至五
六次。觉针下沉紧。是气至极矣。再轻提往左转一二次。如针右边。以左手大指。食指持针
。大指向前。食指向后。根据前法连搓三下。轻提针头向右转。是针右边泻法。欲出针时令病
人咳嗽一声。随咳出针。此为泻法凡人有疾。皆邪气所凑。虽病患瘦弱。不可专行补法。经
曰。邪之所凑。其气必虚。如患赤目等疾。明见其为邪热所致。可专行泻法。其余诸疾只宜
平补平泻。须先泻后补谓之先泻邪气。后补真气。此乃先师不传之秘诀也。如人有疾。根据前
用手法。催气取气。泻之既毕。却行补法令病患吸气一口。随吸转针。如针左边捻针头向右
边。用右手大指。食指持针。食指向前。大指向后。仍捻针深入一二分使真气深入肌肉之分
。如针右边。捻针头转向左边。用左手大指食指持针。食指向前大指向后。仍捻针深入一二
分。如有数穴。根据此法行之既毕。停少时于针头上轻弹三下如此三次。仍用左手大指食指持
针以大指连搓三下谓之飞。将针深进一二分。以针头向左边。谓之一进三飞。根据此法行至五
六次。觉针下沉紧。或针下气热。是气至足矣。令病患吸气一口。随吸出针。急以手按其穴
(按补泻散见于宝命。八正。离合。真邪。针解等篇。又有并合流注迎随诸法。而大成
书中有烧山火。透天凉青龙白虎等名。皆失经义○内经针。即刺也。俗以针在穴中良久者谓针。针
至穴即去者谓刺。非也)。
（《针灸聚英》）
行针时的补法和泻法，会分别产生寒感和热感。施泻法时产生的寒感和施泻法时产生的热感，必须加以区分。捻转针柄向外为泻法的要领；捻转针柄向内为补法的要领。
补左侧穴位时，应当用大指向前推；补右侧穴位时，大指向后拽（旧本中关于左、右穴位的补泻描述有误）。
泻左侧穴位时，次指向前搓动；泻右侧穴位时，大指向上拽（旧本中关于左、右穴位的补泻描述有误）。
为什么补泻有两种不同的操作呢？这是因为经络之气从身体两侧发出，施补泻时必须识别“迎随”原则（即经络气血运行的逆顺关系）。顺着经气走向为补，逆着经气走向为泻。
古人根据左右侧来区分补泻手法，今人则根据男女来区分。但实际上，男女的经脉生成是一样的，昼夜循环运行没有片刻停歇。
双手的阳经从头走足（注：原文此处可能有误或特指某类语境，通常手三阳经从手走头，但依原文翻译），阴经从胸走手指尖。双足的阳经从头走足，阴经从足走腹中汇聚。
所谓“随”，就是针尖顺着经络走向进针；所谓“迎”，就是针尖逆着经络走向以夺其邪气。
还有通过呼吸定补泻的方法，吸时泻、呼时补，真是奇妙绝伦。
补法时，在病人呼气时将针拔出，进针时配合循摩手法，运用“三飞法”（循摩手法，旧本作“HT”声，按道家演法必从泥丸宫运祖气发一声，此乃针家不用之法，故改为三飞法，具体见下文）。待得气后，出针时让病人吸气，快速退针并立即按压穴位。
泻法时，在病人吸气时进针，伸展提插使气通达全身。待得气后，出针时让病人呼气，缓慢分三次退针，出针后不按压穴位（开捺）。
此诀出自梓桑君，我今天传授给你，心中已如冰雪般澄澈。这正是补泻中的根本大法，切勿在人前轻易示人。
（《神应经》）
陈宏刚说：取穴既要准确，左手大指掐住穴位，右手将针置于穴位上，令病人咳嗽一声，随着咳嗽声将针刺入分寸之间。等候几个穴位都针刺完毕后，停顿片刻，用右手大指和食指持针，细细摇动，进退搓捻针体，状如手颤，这叫做“催气”。大约进行五六次，感觉针下气机紧束，然后使用泻法。
如果针刺左边穴位，用右手大指和食指持针，大指向前，食指向后，将针头轻轻提起并向左转。如果有多个穴位，都依据此法操作。全部转动完毕后，仍用右手大指和食指持针，以食指连续搓动三下，这叫做“飞”。然后轻轻提起针头向左转，略微退针约半分许，这叫做“三飞一退”。依据此法进行五六次，感觉针下沉紧，这是经气已达极致。再轻轻提起针头向左转一两次。
如果针刺右边穴位，用左手大指和食指持针，大指向前，食指向后，依据前述方法连续搓动三下，轻轻提起针头向右转，这就是针刺右边穴位的泻法。
欲出针时，令病人咳嗽一声，随着咳嗽声出针，此为泻法。
大凡人有疾病，都是邪气聚集所致。虽然病患身体瘦弱，不可专门施行补法。医经说：“邪气所聚集的地方，正气必然虚弱。”但如果患赤眼等疾病，明确看到是邪热所致，可以专门施行泻法。其余各种疾病只宜采用平补平泻法。必须先泻后补，这叫做先泻除邪气，后补充真气。这是先师不传的秘诀。
如果有人患病，依据前述手法，催气、取气。泻法结束后，再施行补法。令病患吸气一口，随着吸气捻转针体。如果针刺左边穴位，将针头向右捻转，用右手大指和食指持针，食指向前，大指向后，继续捻针深入一二分，使真气深入肌肉层次。如果针刺右边穴位，将针头向左捻转，用左手大指和食指持针，食指向前，大指向后，继续捻针深入一二分。
如果有多个穴位，依据此法操作完毕，停顿片刻，在针头上轻弹三下，如此重复三次。仍用左手大指和食指持针，以大指连续搓动三下，这叫做“飞”。将针深进一二分，针头向左边，这叫做“一进三飞”。依据此法进行五六次，感觉针下沉紧，或者针下感觉气热，这是经气充足的表现。令病患吸气一口，随着吸气出针，迅速用手按压穴位。
（注：补泻散见于《宝命全形论》、《八正神明论》、《离合真邪论》、《针解》等篇，又有合并流注、迎随诸法，而《针灸大成》书中记载有烧山火、透天凉、青龙白虎等名称，皆失却了经典原义。○《内经》中，“针”即“刺”。世俗认为针留在穴位中很久叫“针”，针到穴位即去叫“刺”，这是错误的。）
(Jingying)
The application of reinforcing and reducing methods during needle manipulation produces cold or heat sensations, respectively. One must distinguish between the cold sensation produced by reducing and the heat sensation produced by reinforcing. Twisting the needle handle outward is the method for reducing; twisting the needle handle inward is the secret for reinforcing.
To reinforce points on the left side, one should push forward with the thumb. To reinforce points on the right side, pull backward with the thumb (the old text contains errors regarding reinforcing/reducing left/right).
To reduce points on the left side, rub forward with the index finger. To reduce points on the right side, pull upward with the thumb (the old text contains errors regarding reinforcing/reducing left/right).
Why are there two types of reinforcing and reducing? This is because meridian Qi emanates from both sides, and one must understand "Ying-Sui" (following and opposing) to apply reinforcing and reducing correctly (referring to the reverse and forward directions of meridian flow). Following the flow constitutes reinforcing; opposing the flow constitutes reducing.
Ancients distinguished reinforcing and reducing by left and right sides; moderns distinguish them by male and female. However, the meridians of men and women are generated in the same way, circulating day and night without pause.
The Yang meridians of the hands travel from the head down (Note: Textual anomaly, usually Hand-Yang goes from hand to head), while the Yin meridians travel from the chest to the fingertips. The Yang meridians of the feet travel from the head to the feet, and the Yin meridians travel from the feet up to gather in the abdomen.
"Sui" means the needle tip follows the direction of the meridian; "Ying" means the needle tip opposes the meridian to drain pathogenic factors.
There is also a method of determining reinforcing and reducing through respiration: reducing during inhalation and reinforcing during exhalation, which is truly remarkable.
For reinforcing, withdraw the needle during the patient's exhalation. Upon insertion, use circular rubbing techniques, applying the "Three Flights" method (Circular rubbing was formerly described as emitting a sound from the Dantian/Ancestral Qi in Daoist practices, which acupuncturists do not use, hence replaced by Three Flights; see below for details). When Qi arrives, withdraw the needle while the patient inhales, retreat quickly, and immediately press the acupoint.
For reducing, insert the needle during the patient's inhalation, extending and lifting to allow Qi to reach the whole body. When Qi arrives, withdraw the needle while the patient exhales, retreat slowly in three stages, and leave the acupoint open (do not press).
This secret comes from Zisang Jun. I now impart it to you, clearing my heart like snow. This is the ultimate principle of reinforcing and reducing; do not lightly reveal it to others.
(Shenying Jing)
Chen Honggang said: Once the acupoints are accurately selected, use the thumb of the left hand to press the point, and place the needle in the right hand upon the point. Ask the patient to cough once, and insert the needle to the appropriate depth following the cough. After needling several points, wait a moment. Hold the needle with the thumb and index finger of the right hand, gently shaking, advancing and retreating, and twisting the needle, resembling a trembling hand. This is called "Cui Qi" (Urging Qi). Perform this about five or six times until the Qi feels tight under the needle, then apply the reducing method.
If needling a point on the left side, hold the needle with the thumb and index finger of the right hand, thumb forward, index finger backward. Gently lift the needle head and rotate it to the left. If needling multiple points, follow this method for all. After rotating, still hold the needle with the right thumb and index finger, and rub continuously three times with the index finger; this is called "Fei" (Flying). Then gently lift the needle head and rotate to the left, withdrawing slightly by half a cun; this is called "Three Flights, One Retreat." Follow this method five or six times until the needle feels heavy and tight, indicating Qi has reached its peak. Lift the needle head gently and rotate left one or two more times.
If needling a point on the right side, hold the needle with the thumb and index finger of the left hand, thumb forward, index finger backward. Follow the previous method, rubbing continuously three times, then gently lift the needle head and rotate to the right. This is the reducing method for right-side points.
To withdraw the needle, ask the patient to cough once, and withdraw the needle following the cough. This constitutes the reducing method.
Generally, diseases arise from the gathering of pathogenic factors. Even if the patient is emaciated and weak, one should not exclusively use reinforcing methods. The Classics state: "Where pathogenic factors gather, Qi must be deficient." However, for conditions like red eyes, where it is clearly caused by pathogenic heat, one may exclusively use reducing methods. For other diseases, balanced reinforcing and reducing (Ping Bu Ping Xie) is suitable. One must reduce first, then reinforce; this is called draining pathogenic Qi first, then tonifying True Qi. This is the untransmitted secret of the ancestors.
If a person is ill, use the aforementioned techniques to urge and obtain Qi. After completing the reducing method, proceed with reinforcing. Ask the patient to take a deep breath in, and rotate the needle following the inhalation. If needling a left-side point, rotate the needle head to the right, holding the needle with the right thumb and index finger, index finger forward, thumb backward. Continue twisting the needle deeper by one or two fen to guide True Qi into the muscle layers. If needling a right-side point, rotate the needle head to the left, holding the needle with the left thumb and index finger, index finger forward, thumb backward. Continue twisting the needle deeper by one or two fen.
If needling multiple points, follow this method. After completion, wait a moment, and gently tap the needle head three times, repeating this three times. Still hold the needle with the left thumb and index finger, and rub continuously three times with the thumb; this is called "Fei." Advance the needle deeply by one or two fen, with the needle head pointing to the left; this is called "One Advance, Three Flights." Follow this method five or six times until the needle feels heavy and tight, or warm under the needle, indicating sufficient Qi. Ask the patient to take a deep breath in, and withdraw the needle following the inhalation, immediately pressing the acupoint with the hand.
(Note: Reinforcing and reducing are scattered across chapters such as Baoming Quancheng Lun, Bazheng Shenming Lun, Lihe Zhenxie Lun, and Zhenjie. There are also combined methods involving Liu Zhu and Ying Sui. The book Zhenjiu Dacheng mentions names like Shao Shan Huo, Tou Tian Liang, Qing Long Bai Hu, etc., which deviate from the original meaning of the Classics. ○ In the Neijing, "Zhen" is synonymous with "Ci." Common belief holds that leaving the needle in the acupoint for a long time is "Zhen," while inserting and removing immediately is "Ci," which is incorrect.)