鸡胸由咳嗽肺胀故渐胸膈突起一曰肝火乘于肺膈也用宽气化痰丸。
杏仁 百合 天门冬 桑白皮 木通 石膏 葶苈子(各五钱) 大黄(三分) 为末蜜丸
龟背由肾虚风入骨髓精血不能流通所致用松蕊丹。
松花 防风 枳壳 独活(各一两) 麻黄 前胡 大黄 桂心(各五钱) 为末蜜丸黍米大每
服二十丸粥饮下 外以龟尿点脊中缝即愈(以龟安在荷叶上用镜照之其尿自出或以猪发戳鼻
喻嘉言曰小儿初生。以及童幼。肌肉筋骨脏腑血脉俱未充长则阴不足。阳实有余。不比
七尺之躯阴阳交盛也惟阴不足阳有余。故身内易于生热。热盛则生痰生风生惊。亦所时有。热痰
风惊四字难呼节去二字曰惊风(如遇怪异形声。骤然跌仆皆生惊怖。其候面青粪青。多烦多
哭。神识昏迷撞钟放钗。全然不闻)后人不解遂以其头摇手劲也而曰抽掣以其卒口噤。脚挛
急。目邪心乱也。而曰搐搦。以其脊强背反也。而曰角弓反张。不知小儿之腠理未蜜。易于
感冒风寒。风寒中人必先入太阳经太阳之脉起于目内 。上额交巅入脑。还出别下项。夹脊
抵腰中。是以病则筋脉牵强。因筋脉牵强。生出抽掣等不通各名。而用金石药镇坠外邪深入
脏腑难痊。间有体坚症轻而愈者。遂以为奇方可传误矣。又方书有云小儿八岁以前无伤寒。
以助惊风之说。不思小儿不耐伤寒。初传太阳经。早已身强多汗。筋脉牵动人事昏沉。势已
极于本经。药又乱投。不能待其传经解散。耳岂可言小儿无伤寒也况小儿易于外感。易于发
热。伤寒为更多世所称为惊风者即是也。小儿伤寒。要在三日内即愈为贵若待其经。尽而解
必不能耐矣又刚痉无汗。柔痉有汗小儿刚痉少柔痉多人见。其汗出不止神昏不醒遂名之曰慢
惊风而用参 术附药闭其腠理热邪不得外越亦为大害所以凡治小儿之热但当攻其出表不当固
其入里仲景原有桂枝法若舍而不用从事东垣内伤为治又误矣(伤寒论曰太阳病项背强。KT KT
汗出恶风者桂枝加葛根汤)。
吴又可曰小儿时疫入所难窥担误者多又其神气怯弱筋骨柔脆一染时疫延挨失治即便二目
上吊惊搐发痉十指钩曲甚则角弓反张故多误认为慢惊风也。
以上可见小儿伤寒当解肌而从轻剂时疫用药与大人仿佛若误治必变痉也。
鸡胸是由于咳嗽导致肺胀，进而使胸膈逐渐突起。有一种说法认为是肝火侵犯肺膈所致，治疗使用宽气化痰丸。
药物组成：杏仁、百合、天门冬、桑白皮、木通、石膏、葶苈子（各五钱），大黄（三分）。研为细末，用蜂蜜制成丸剂。
龟背是由于肾虚，风邪侵入骨髓，致使精血不能流通所致，治疗使用松蕊丹。
药物组成：松花、防风、枳壳、独活（各一两），麻黄、前胡、大黄、桂心（各五钱）。研为细末，用蜂蜜制成如黍米大小的丸剂。每次服用二十丸，用粥汤送服。外用龟尿点涂脊柱缝隙处即可痊愈（将龟放在荷叶上，用镜子照射它，其尿液自然流出；或者用猪鬃毛刺激其鼻孔）。
喻嘉言说：小儿刚出生以及年幼时期，肌肉、筋骨、脏腑、血脉都尚未充盈生长，因此阴气不足，阳气实而有余。这与成年人大小七尺之躯阴阳交盛的情况不同。正因为阴不足而阳有余，所以体内容易产生热邪。热盛则生痰、生风、生惊，这也是时常有的现象。“热、痰、风、惊”这四个字难以连读，去掉两个字称为“惊风”。（如果遇到怪异的声音或形状，突然跌倒仆地，都会产生惊恐恐怖，症状表现为面色青、大便青，多烦躁、多哭泣，神识昏迷，撞钟击钗全然不闻）。后人不理解这一点，于是因为看到孩子头摇手抖，就称之为“抽掣”；因为看到突然口噤、脚挛急、目光斜视心神混乱，就称之为“搐搦”；因为看到脊背僵硬反折，就称之为“角弓反张”。他们不知道小儿的腠理（皮肤毛孔）未致密，容易感受风寒。风寒中人，必先侵入太阳经。太阳经脉起于目内眦，上行至额部，交会于头顶，入络于脑，复出别下行项后，夹脊柱抵腰中。因此患病时会出现筋脉牵强。由于筋脉牵强，才生出抽掣等各种不通畅的名称。如果此时使用金石类药物镇坠，会导致外邪深入脏腑，难以治愈。间或有体质强健、症状轻微而痊愈的，便以为这是奇方可传，这是错误的。又有医书说小儿八岁以前没有伤寒，以此来助长惊风的说法。却不思考小儿不耐受伤寒，初传太阳经时，早已出现身体强直、多汗、筋脉牵动、人事昏沉等症状，病势已经极于本经。如果用药又乱投，不能等待其传经解散，怎么可以说小儿无伤寒呢？况且小儿易于外感，易于发热，所谓的惊风大多就是这种情况。小儿伤寒，关键在于三日内即愈最为珍贵，如果等到经尽而解，必定无法耐受。另外，刚痉无汗，柔痉有汗。小儿患刚痉少，患柔痉多。人们见到孩子汗出不止、神昏不醒，遂命名为慢惊风，并使用人参、白术、附子等药物闭塞其腠理，导致热邪不得外越，这也是很大的危害。所以凡是治疗小儿的热证，应当攻逐使其从表而出，不应当固涩使其陷入里。张仲景原有桂枝法，如果舍弃不用，转而从事于东垣的内伤治疗，又是错误了。（《伤寒论》记载：太阳病，项背强几几，汗出恶风者，桂枝加葛根汤主之）。
吴又可说：小儿时疫（流行性传染病）的病情难以窥测，耽误治疗的很多。又因为小儿神气怯弱，筋骨柔脆，一旦感染时疫，拖延失治，立刻出现两目上吊、惊搐发痉、十指钩曲，甚至角弓反张，所以常被误认为慢惊风。
Chicken breast (pectus carinatum) is caused by coughing leading to lung distension, which gradually causes the chest and diaphragm to protrude. One theory suggests it is due to Liver Fire invading the Lung and Diaphragm; treatment uses Kuanqi Huatan Wan (Broad Qi and Resolve Phlegm Pill).
Ingredients: Xingren (Apricot Seed), Baihe (Lily Bulb), Tianmendong (Asparagus Root), Sangbaipi (Mulberry Bark), Mutong (Akebia Stem), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Tinglizi (Descurainia Seed) (each 5 qian), Dahuang (Rhubarb Root) (3 fen). Grind into powder and make pills with honey.
Turtle back (kyphosis) is caused by Kidney Deficiency allowing Wind pathogen to invade the marrow, resulting in the inability of Essence and Blood to circulate freely; treatment uses Songrui Dan (Pine Stamen Pill).
Ingredients: Songhua (Pollen Pinii), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root), Zhike (Bitter Orange), Duhuo (Angelica Pubescens Root) (each 1 liang), Mahuang (Ephedra Herb), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix), Dahuang (Rhubarb Root), Guixin (Cinnamon Twig) (each 5 qian). Grind into powder, make pills with honey the size of millet seeds. Take 20 pills per dose, swallowed with gruel. Externally, apply turtle urine to the spinal clefts for cure (Place a turtle on a lotus leaf and shine a mirror upon it so that its urine flows out naturally; or stimulate its nostrils with pig bristles).
Yu Jiayan stated: When infants are first born and during early childhood, muscles, bones, tendons, Zang-Fu organs, and blood vessels have not yet fully developed. Thus, Yin is insufficient while Yang is excessive and solid. This differs from adults whose bodies are seven chi tall and possess balanced, flourishing Yin and Yang. Because Yin is insufficient and Yang is excessive, heat easily generates within the body. Excessive heat generates Phlegm, Wind, and Fright (Jing Feng). It is difficult to pronounce "Heat, Phlegm, Wind, Fright" together, so two characters are omitted to call it "Fright Wind" (When encountering strange shapes or sounds, sudden falling may cause terror; symptoms include cyanotic face and stool, irritability, frequent crying, unconsciousness, and unresponsiveness to loud noises like bells or hairpins). Later generations did not understand this. Seeing head shaking and hand trembling, they called it "Chou Che" (twitching and pulling); seeing sudden jaw clenching, leg cramping, deviated eyes, and chaotic mind, they called it "Chu Nuo" (jerking and convulsing); seeing stiff spine and backward arching, they called it "Jiao Gong Fan Zhang" (opisthotonos). They did not know that children's Cou Li (pores/skin texture) are not dense, making them susceptible to Wind-Cold invasion. Wind-Cold enters the Taiyang Meridian first. The Taiyang meridian originates at the inner canthus, ascends to the forehead, intersects at the vertex, enters the brain, emerges to descend behind the neck, runs alongside the spine, and reaches the waist. Therefore, disease manifests as tendon and vessel tension. Due to this tension, various names like twitching arise. Using mineral drugs to suppress leads to external pathogens penetrating deeply into Zang-Fu organs, making cure difficult. Occasionally, those with strong constitutions and mild symptoms recover, leading people to mistakenly believe these are miraculous prescriptions. Another medical text claims children under eight do not suffer from Shang Han (Cold Damage), aiding the theory of Jing Feng. However, one must consider that children cannot tolerate Shang Han well; upon initial transmission to the Taiyang meridian, they already exhibit body stiffness, profuse sweating, tendon movement, and mental clouding. The pathology is already extreme in the primary meridian. If medicines are indiscriminately administered, waiting for transmission to resolve is impossible. How can one say children do not suffer from Shang Han? Moreover, children are prone to external contraction and fever; what is commonly called Jing Feng is often just this. For pediatric Shang Han, it is crucial to heal within three days. If one waits for the meridians to exhaust themselves before resolution, the child likely will not survive. Furthermore, Gang Jing (Stiff Spasm) presents without sweat, while Rou Jing (Soft Spasm) presents with sweat. Children rarely get Gang Jing but often get Rou Jing. People see continuous sweating, coma, and unresponsiveness, naming it Man Jing Feng (Slow Fright Wind), and use Ren Shen (Ginseng Root), Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Rhizome), and Fu Zi (Aconite Lateral Root) to close the Cou Li, preventing Heat pathogens from venting outward, which is also highly harmful. Therefore, when treating pediatric heat, one should attack to expel it via the exterior, not consolidate to trap it in the interior. Zhang Zhongjing originally had the Guizhi method; abandoning it for Dong Yuan's internal injury treatments is erroneous. (Shang Han Lun states: In Taiyang disease, if there is stiffness in the nape and back, sweating, and aversion to wind, Guizhi Jia Gegen Tang [Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Kudzu Root] governs.)
Wu Keyou stated: Pediatric Shi Yi (seasonal epidemics) are difficult to discern, leading to many delays. Since children have timid spirit-energy and fragile bones and tendons, once infected with Shi Yi, delay in treatment quickly leads to upward deviation of the eyes, fright convulsions, spasm, hooking of the ten fingers, and even opisthotonos. Thus, it is often misdiagnosed as Slow Fright Wind.
From the above, it is evident that pediatric Shang Han should be treated by resolving the muscle layer using mild formulas. Shi Yi treatments are similar to those for adults. Mis-treatment will inevitably transform into Jing (spasm).