《素问》阴阳应象大论曰∶北方生寒，寒生水。至真要大论曰∶诸寒收引，皆属于肾。
天元
纪大论曰∶太阳之上，寒气主之。盖运气自霜降以后，春分以前，正属太阳寒水用事，设触
冒严寒，即伤膀胱寒水之经。头疼腰强，发热恶寒，因循不治，传变多端。上乘空窍发为目
病，冷泪翳障，视物昏花。若复兼湿，则邪滞太阴， 肉壅肿，兼火则刑克肝阴，遂生白障
。兼风则迎风流泪，云翳满遮。兼痰则睥生樱核，目睛赤涩。兼郁则眼倦慵开，气滞光暗，
辨症分治，庶无遗误。即有一二寒盛热生，外多火象，亦宜养阴清热。若过用寒凉，遏抑阳
气，不免星障凝滞矣。然此属外寒所致。若内寒则人身脏腑自有之病，《素问》阴阳应象大
论曰∶阴胜则身寒，人生真阳之气，寄于右肾，寒则无以作强，而技巧不出矣。膀胱寒则三
焦
之气不化，而水道不行矣。脾胃寒则不能蒸腐水谷，而五味不出矣。肝胆寒则将军无决断
，而谋虑不出矣。大小肠寒则变化不行，
而二便闭矣。心包寒则神明衰，而万事不能应矣。目为五脏之精华，禀天阳之真气，若为阴
寒所制，必至失光昏 ，内障遮睛，宜温补气血以助真阳。至真要大论曰∶治寒以热。又曰
∶热因寒用。又曰∶诸寒之而热者，取之阴。王海藏曰∶热之不热，责其无火，益火之源，
以消阴翳。参 桂附，即夏月何妨选用。不待水冰地坼，然后为真寒症也。此外又有中寒伏
寒挟寒诸症，种种不同，大抵治法务在调和营卫，祛寒散邪而已。
《素问·阴阳应象大论》中说：北方产生寒，寒化生水。《素问·至真要大论》中说：各种寒冷导致的收缩牵引症状，都归属于肾。《素问·天元纪大论》中说：太阳经之上，由寒气所主。大概从霜降节气以后到春分节气以前，正是太阳寒水当令的时期，如果触犯冒犯严寒，就会损伤膀胱寒水之经（足太阳膀胱经）。出现头痛、腰背僵硬、发热、恶寒等症状，如果拖延不治疗，病邪传变会有很多种情况。病邪上乘空窍（指头面部的孔窍）会引发眼病，表现为冷泪、翳障（角膜或晶状体混浊）、视物昏花。如果再兼夹湿邪，则邪气滞留于太阴脾经，导致眼睑肉壅肿；如果兼夹火邪，则会刑克肝阴，从而生成白障。如果兼夹风邪，则迎风流泪，云翳遮蔽视野。如果兼夹痰邪，则眼睑生出类似樱桃核的肿块（睑缘炎或麦粒肿等），眼球红涩。如果兼夹气郁，则眼睛疲倦懒开，气机阻滞导致视力昏暗。辨别症状分别治疗，才不会有遗漏和错误。即使有一二例寒盛而热生，外表多有火热征象，也适宜滋养阴液、清解热邪。如果过度使用寒凉药物，遏制阳气，不免会导致星障（角膜云翳）凝滞不退。然而这属于外感寒邪所致。如果是内寒，则是人体脏腑自身产生的疾病，《素问·阴阳应象大论》说：阴气偏胜则身体寒冷。人的真阳之气寄居于右肾，受寒则无法发挥作强（强力支撑身体）的功能，技巧也就无法施展。膀胱受寒则三焦的气化功能失常，水道运行不畅。脾胃受寒则不能蒸腾腐熟水谷，五味精微就无法化生。肝胆受寒则将军（指胆，主决断）失去决断力，谋虑就无法产生。大小肠受寒则传导变化功能不行，二便闭塞。心包受寒则神明衰弱，万事不能应对。眼睛是五脏精华的汇聚，禀受天阳的真气，如果被阴寒所制约，必然导致失光昏蒙、内障遮睛，适宜温补气血以助真阳。《素问·至真要大论》说：治疗寒证用热药。又说：热因寒用（指在热药中佐以寒药，或热服寒药以防格拒，此处语境更偏向于针对真寒假热或寒热错杂的处理原则，但原文直译为热因寒用）。又说：各种用寒药治疗反而发热的，应当从滋阴角度入手。王海藏说：用热药治疗却不热，责任在于无火，应当益火之源（补肾阳），以消除阴翳（阴寒之邪）。人参、肉桂、附子，即使在夏天也不妨选用。不必等到水结冰、地裂开，才认为是真正的寒证。此外又有中寒、伏寒、挟寒等各种病症，种种不同，大体上治疗法则在于调和营卫，祛散寒邪罢了。
The *Suwen* (Basic Questions), chapter "Yin-Yang Yingxiang Dalun" (Great Treatise on Yin and Yang Corresponding to Phenomena) states: The North generates Cold, and Cold transforms into Water. The *Suwen*, chapter "Zhiyao Dalun" (Great Treatise on the Most Essential Principles) states: All conditions of Cold causing contraction and pulling belong to the Kidney. The *Suwen*, chapter "Tianyuanji Dalun" (Great Treatise on the Origin of Heaven and Earth) states: Above the Taiyang (Greater Yang) channel, Cold Qi governs. Generally, from the Frost Descent solar term until the Spring Equinox solar term, it is precisely the time when Taiyang Hanwater (Cold Water) is in charge. If one encounters or冒犯 severe cold, the Taiyang Bladder Hanwater meridian (Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian) will be injured. Symptoms include headache, stiffness of the waist and back, fever, and aversion to cold. If neglected and not treated, the pathogenic transformation can take many forms. The pathogen ascends to empty orifices (orifices of the head and face) causing eye diseases, manifesting as cold tears, yizhang (corneal or lens opacity), and blurred vision. If complicated by Dampness, the pathogen stagnates in the Taiyin Spleen meridian, causing swelling of the eyelid flesh; if complicated by Fire, it damages Liver Yin, leading to the formation of white obstructions. If complicated by Wind, there is tearing upon exposure to wind, with cloud-like opacities covering the vision. If complicated by Phlegm, cherry-seed-sized nodules form on the eyelids, and the eyeballs become red and dry. If complicated by Stagnation (Qi constraint), the eyes feel tired and reluctant to open, Qi stagnation causes dim vision. Differentiating symptoms for separate treatment prevents omissions and errors. Even in cases where Cold is excessive and Heat arises, presenting with external signs of Fire, nourishing Yin and clearing Heat is appropriate. Overuse of Cold-Cooling herbs suppresses Yang Qi, inevitably leading to the stagnation of xingzhang (corneal nebula). However, this belongs to externally contracted Cold. If it is internal Cold, it is a disease originating from the body's own Zang-Fu organs. The *Suwen*, chapter "Yin-Yang Yingxiang Dalun" states: Excess of Yin leads to bodily coldness. The True Yang Qi of humans resides in the Right Kidney; when Cold, it cannot perform its function of strength (Zuoqiang), and skills/tactics do not emerge. When the Bladder is Cold, the Sanjiao (Triple Burner) Qi fails to transform, and water pathways do not flow. When the Spleen and Stomach are Cold, they cannot steam and rot (digest) food and drink, so the Five Flavors (nutrients) do not emerge. When the Liver and Gallbladder are Cold, the General (Gallbladder, governing decision-making) loses decisiveness, and strategies do not arise. When the Large and Small Intestines are Cold, transformation and movement fail, leading to constipation and urinary retention. When the Pericardium is Cold, Shenming (Spirit/Mind) declines, and one cannot respond to matters. The eyes are the essence of the five Zang organs, inheriting the true Qi of Heavenly Yang. If constrained by Yin-Cold, light is lost, vision becomes dim, internal obstructions cover the pupils, and warming and tonifying Qi and Blood to assist True Yang is indicated. The *Suwen*, chapter "Zhiyao Dalun" states: Treat Cold with Heat. It also states: Use Heat because of Cold (treating cold patterns with hot methods, sometimes involving specific administration techniques or addressing complex heat-cold interactions). It also states: For all conditions that become hot after being treated with Cold, treat them by drawing from Yin (nourishing Yin to clear deficient heat). Wang Haizang said: If heating therapy does not produce warmth, the fault lies in the absence of Fire; benefit the source of Fire to dissipate Yin shadows (pathogenic cold). Ginseng, Cinnamon Twig, and Aconite Root may be selected even in summer. One need not wait for water to freeze and earth to crack before diagnosing a true Cold syndrome. Additionally, there are various conditions such as Zhonghan (Cold strike), Fuhan (Latent Cold), and Hanxie (Cold complication), which differ greatly. Generally, the therapeutic principle lies in harmonizing Ying and Wei (Nutritive and Defensive Qi) and dispelling Cold and pathogens.