经云∶气脱者目不明。气者清阳之气也，清阳不升，则浊阴不降，而目安能烛照无遗乎
。人
在天地间，莫非气化之流行，脏腑经络，气得其正，何用不臧。气失其正，何往弗害？故曰
∶百病生于气也。又近见应震王氏曰∶行医不识气，治病从何拒，堪笑道中人，未到知音处
。旨哉斯言，是实治身治病第一大纲。盖气之为用，无所不至，一有不调，无所不病。为虚
为实，为寒为热，变态莫可名状。气有不调之处，即病根所在之处也。明者撮而调之，犹如
解结，一举手而即脱然矣。故本乎天者，天之气也；本乎地者，地之气也。人身之气亦应之
。阳气有余，为目赤壅肿。阴气有余，为隐涩羞明，中气不足为眼皮宽纵，凝而不行为脾生
瘿核，实者破之，虚者补之，滞者行之，郁者达之，寒者温之，热者凉之，不和者调之疏之
。凡五行五志，五脏六腑，皆赖气以为之用。常则安，变则病，是以圣人谓诸病皆因于气，
而况目病乎？故医者当参观互证，酌宜而治之，庶于斯道无愧矣。
经曰∶目得血而能视，血者气之所化也。故血盛则形强，人生所赖，惟斯而已。润经络
，泽
脏腑，养筋骨，充满一身，而目受其荫，固宜流通，而不宜瘀滞者也。然人之初生，必从精
始，精之与血似乎非类，而丹家曰∶涕唾汗津精液血，七般灵物尽为阴。则凡属水类，皆天
一地六所化，而血即精之类也。但精藏于肾，所蕴不多，苟房劳太过，精亏则血亦亏，而七
窍不灵矣。夫血本阴类，其动者皆由于火，或外邪不解，而火郁于经，或纵饮不节，而火动
于胃，遂使血热妄行，致成目赤 疡。治法以凉血清火为主，或壅瘀于经络，则睛珠胀闷，
或郁结于睥 ，则 肉堆突，或乘风热，则发椒疮粟疮之类。总以行血散血为治。若痛伤痕
陷，白障满泛等症，皆属血虚邪乘所致，治宜行血补血为先。盖太阳经起于目内 ，血多气
少。少阳经起于目锐 ，血少气多。阳明经起于目之两旁交额之中，气血俱多。惟厥阴连于
目系而已。故血太过者，太阳阳明之实也。血不及者，厥阴少阳之虚也。能辨过与不及，庶
攻补皆得宜矣。以是知血化于气，而又为精类。阳虚不能生血，所以血宜温而不宜寒。阳亢
最能伤阴，所以血宜静而不宜动。察于此而得其养营之道，则目光如炬，又何血病之足虞哉
？
《黄帝内经》说：气脱失的人，眼睛看不清。气，指的是清阳之气。如果清阳之气不能上升，那么浊阴之气就不能下降，眼睛又怎么能像烛火一样明亮、洞察无遗呢？人在天地之间，无处不是气的流行变化。脏腑经络中的气如果保持正常，做什么都会顺利吉祥。气一旦失去正常，到哪里都会造成危害。所以说：“百病都生于气。”近来见到应震王氏说：“行医如果不认识‘气’，治病该从何下手？这真让人嘲笑那些中医同行，因为他们还没达到知音的境界。”这话真是精辟啊！这确实是养生和治病的第一大纲领。大概气的功用，无所不到，一旦不调和，就会引发各种疾病。表现为虚或实，表现为寒或热，变化多端，难以名状。气不调和的地方，就是病根所在的地方。高明的人抓住这一点进行调理，就像解开绳结一样，一举手间就豁然开朗了。所以，源于天的，是天之气；源于地的，是地之气。人身的气也与之相应。阳气有余，会导致眼睛红赤肿胀。阴气有余，会导致眼部隐涩不适、畏光羞明。中气不足，会导致眼皮松弛下垂。气凝滞而不运行，会在脾经部位生瘿核（甲状腺肿或颈部肿块）。实证用攻破法，虚证用补益法，气滞者用行气法，气郁者用疏达法，寒证用温法，热证用凉法，气机不和者用调和疏通法。凡是五行、五志、五脏六腑，都依赖气来发挥作用。常态下则平安，发生变化则生病，因此圣人认为各种病都因于气，更何况是眼病呢？所以医生应当综合观察、互相印证，斟酌适宜的方法进行治疗，这样才能在医学之道上问心无愧。
《黄帝内经》说：眼睛得到血的滋养才能视物，血是由气所化生的。所以血旺盛则形体强健，人生赖以生存的，只有这个罢了。（血能）滋润经络，润泽脏腑，滋养筋骨，充满全身，而眼睛受到它的荫蔽，本来就应该流通顺畅，而不宜瘀滞。然而人刚出生时，必定从“精”开始。“精”与“血”看似不同类，但道家说：“涕、唾、汗、津、精、液、血，这七种灵物全都是阴。”那么凡属于水类的物质，都是由天一地六所化生，而血就是精的一类。只是精藏于肾，蕴藏量不多，如果房事过度，精亏虚则血也会亏虚，导致七窍不灵敏。血本属阴类，其发动往往由于火邪。或者是外邪未解，火邪郁结在经络中；或者是纵欲饮酒不节制，火邪在胃中发动，致使血热妄行，导致眼睛红赤、溃疡。治疗方法以凉血清火为主。如果瘀血壅塞在经络，就会导致眼球胀痛闷堵；如果郁结在脾（此处指眼睑），就会导致胬肉堆突（翼状胬肉）；如果感受风热，就会发生椒疮（沙眼）、粟疮（滤泡性结膜炎）之类的病症。总的治疗原则是行血散血。如果是痛伤后伤痕凹陷、白障满泛等症状，都属于血虚邪气乘虚而入所致，治疗应以行血补血为先。大概太阳经起于目内眦，血多气少。少阳经起于目外眦，血少气多。阳明经起于眼睛两旁交会于额中，气血都多。只有厥阴经连接于目系（眼球连系脑部的脉络）。所以血太过，是太阳、阳明经的实证。血不及，是厥阴、少阳经的虚证。能够辨别过与不及，那么攻邪和补益都能得当。由此可知，血由气化生，而又属于精的一类。阳虚不能生血，所以血宜温不宜寒。阳亢最能损伤阴液，所以血宜静不宜动。察知于此并掌握养营之道，那么目光如炬，又有什么血病值得担忧呢？
The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: "When Qi (vital energy) escapes, vision becomes unclear." Qi refers to the Clear Yang Qi. If Clear Yang Qi fails to ascend, then Turbid Yin cannot descend, and how can the eyes shine like a candle, seeing everything without omission? Humans exist within heaven and earth, nowhere is there not the circulation of Qi transformation. When the Qi in the Zang-Fu organs and meridians is correct, all actions will be auspicious. If Qi loses its correctness, harm ensues everywhere. Thus it is said: "All diseases arise from Qi." Recently, Wang Yingzhen stated: "If a practitioner does not understand Qi, from where should one approach treating disease? This is laughable for those in the profession who have not yet reached the level of true understanding." These words are profound; they represent the primary principle for preserving health and treating illness. The function of Qi reaches everywhere; once disordered, it causes various ailments. It manifests as deficiency or excess, cold or heat, with transformations too numerous to describe. Wherever Qi is disordered, that is where the root of the disease lies. A skilled practitioner grasps this to regulate it, much like untying a knot, achieving immediate relief with a single movement. Therefore, what originates from Heaven is Heavenly Qi; what originates from Earth is Earthly Qi. Human Qi responds accordingly. Excess Yang Qi leads to redness and swelling of the eyes. Excess Yin Qi leads to aching, dryness, and photophobia. Deficiency of Middle Qi leads to laxity and ptosis of the eyelids. Stagnation of Qi failing to move results in goiter-like nodules on the Spleen meridian. For excess patterns, use breaking methods; for deficiency patterns, use tonifying methods. For stagnation, promote movement; for depression, vent and reach. For cold, warm; for heat, cool. For disharmony, harmonize and diffuse. All Five Elements, Five Emotions, Zang-Fu organs rely on Qi for their functions. In normalcy, there is peace; in change, there is disease. Hence, the Sages state that all diseases stem from Qi, let alone eye diseases. Therefore, physicians must observe comprehensively and cross-verify, prescribing suitable treatments, thereby remaining worthy of the Dao.
The *Huangdi Neijing* states: "The eyes see when nourished by Blood; Blood is transformed from Qi." Thus, abundant Blood leads to a strong physique, which is what life relies upon. It moistens the meridians, nourishes the Zang-Fu, sustains sinews and bones, fills the whole body, and the eyes benefit from its shade. Naturally, it should flow freely and not stagnate. However, at birth, life begins with Essence (Jing). Although Jing and Blood seem different, Daoist alchemists say: "Tears, saliva, sweat, fluids, essence, marrow, and blood—these seven spiritual substances are all Yin." Thus, anything belonging to the Water category is transformed by Tian Yi and Di Liu, and Blood is a type of Essence. Essence is stored in the Kidney, and its accumulation is limited. If sexual activity is excessive, Essence deficiency leads to Blood deficiency, causing the seven orifices to lose sensitivity. Blood belongs to the Yin category; its movement is usually due to Fire. Whether external pathogens remain unresolved, causing Fire to stagnate in the meridians, or indulgence in alcohol and diet causes Fire to stir in the Stomach, resulting in Heat-Blood acting recklessly, leading to red eyes and ulcers. The treatment method focuses on cooling Blood and clearing Fire. If stasis obstructs the meridians, the eyeball feels distended and stuffy. If depression accumulates in the Spleen (eyelids), pterygium may protrude. If Wind-Heat is contracted, conditions like trachoma (pepper sores) or follicular conjunctivitis (millet sores) may occur. The general treatment is to invigorate and disperse Blood. If there are depressed scars after injury or white opacities covering the cornea, these belong to Blood deficiency with pathogenic invasion; treatment should prioritize invigorating and tonifying Blood. The Taiyang Meridian starts at the inner canthus, having more Blood and less Qi. The Shaoyang Meridian starts at the outer canthus, having less Blood and more Qi. The Yangming Meridian starts at both sides of the eyes meeting at the forehead, having abundant Blood and Qi. Only the Jueyin Meridian connects to the eye system. Therefore, excess Blood indicates an Excess pattern in the Taiyang and Yangming meridians. Insufficient Blood indicates a Deficiency pattern in the Jueyin and Shaoyang meridians. By distinguishing between excess and insufficiency, attack and tonification can be applied appropriately. From this, we know Blood is transformed by Qi and is also a form of Essence. Yang deficiency cannot generate Blood, so Blood should be warmed, not cooled. Yang hyperactivity damages Yin most severely, so Blood should be still, not active. Understanding this and mastering the way to nourish Ying (Nutritive) Qi ensures bright vision, leaving no reason to fear Blood diseases.