治伤寒阳脉涩。阴脉弦。法当腹中急痛者。以此方主之。又伤寒二三日。心中悸
此方主之。
芍药(六两) 桂枝(三两) 甘草(二两) 生姜(三两) 胶饴(一升) 大枣(十
二
上六味。以水七升。煮取三升。去滓。内胶饴。更上微火消解。温服一升。日三服。呕
家不
歌曰 建中即是桂枝汤。倍芍加饴绝妙方。饴取一升六两芍。悸烦腹痛有奇长。
程扶生曰。伤寒二三日。邪尚在表。未及传里之时。悸则阳虚。烦则阴虚。故以芍药之
苦以
而姜、桂等又能托邪外出。此为阴阳两虚之人而立一养正驱邪法也。
张令韶曰。经隧之血脉。流行不息。今寒气入而稽迟之。入阳络则阳脉涩。入阴络则阴
脉弦
枢机利则经隧之血脉通矣。通则不痛也。
蔚考。金匮黄 建中汤有加减法。小建中汤无加减法。今查内台方议亦有加减。未知为
年久
者。
胡、地骨皮。
治太阳病未解便传入阳明。大便不通。热实心烦。或寒热往来。其脉沉实者。以
之。
柴胡(半斤) 半夏(半升) 芍药(三两) 黄芩(三两) 生姜(五两) 枳实(四
枚
上七味。以水一斗二升。煮取六升。去滓。再煎。温服一升。日三服。一方。用大黄二
两。
歌曰 八柴四枳五生姜。芩芍三分二大黄。半夏半升十二枣。少阳实证下之良。
蔚按。凡太阳之气逆而内干。必藉少阳之枢转而外出者。仲景名为柴胡证。但小柴胡证
心烦
郁微烦。曰心下痞硬。以此为别。小柴胡证曰喜呕。曰或胸中烦而不呕。而大柴胡证不独不
呕。而且呕吐。不独喜呕。而且呕不止。又以此为别。所以然者。太阳之气不从枢外出。反
从枢内入于君主之分。视小柴胡证颇深也。方用芍药、黄芩、枳实、大黄者。以病势内入。
必取苦泄之品以解在内之烦急也。又用柴胡、半夏以启一阴一阳之气。生姜、大枣以宣发中
焦之气。盖病势虽已内入。而病情仍欲外达。故制此汤。还藉少阳之枢而外出。非若承气之
上承热气也。汪 庵谓加减小柴胡、小承气而为一方。未免以庸俗见测之也。
治疗伤寒病,若见阳脉涩、阴脉弦,按照医理应当出现腹部拘急疼痛的症状,用此方主治。另外,患伤寒两三天后,心中悸动不安的,也用此方主治。
芍药(六两) 桂枝(三两) 甘草(二两) 生姜(三两) 胶饴(一升) 大枣(十二枚)
以上六味药,用水七升,煎煮至三升,滤去药渣,加入胶饴,再用微火加热使其溶解。每次温服一升,每日服用三次。呕吐患者不宜使用。
歌诀曰:小建中汤即是在桂枝汤基础上,加倍芍药用量并加入饴糖,是绝妙的方剂。饴糖取一升,芍药六两,对于心悸、烦躁、腹痛有奇特的疗效。
程扶生说:患伤寒两三天,邪气仍在体表,尚未传入里部的时候。心悸说明阳气虚,烦躁说明阴气虚,所以用芍药的苦味来收敛,而姜、桂等药物又能帮助将邪气托出体外。这是为阴阳两虚的人设立的一种扶助正气、驱除邪气的方法。
张令韶说:经络中的血脉,流行不息。如今寒气侵入导致血流迟缓。寒气进入阳络则阳脉涩滞,进入阴络则阴脉弦紧。只要枢机通畅,经络中的血脉就能畅通。血脉畅通就不会疼痛了。
蔚考(作者自注):《金匮要略》中记载的黄芪建中汤有加减法,小建中汤没有加减法。现在查阅《内台方议》也有加减法,不知是否为年代久远导致的传抄错误,或者是胡某、地骨皮等药物的误植。
治疗太阳病未解除便传入阳明经,大便不通,热实导致心烦,或者寒热往来,脉象沉实的,用此方主治。
柴胡(半斤) 半夏(半升) 芍药(三两) 黄芩(三两) 生姜(五两) 枳实(四枚) [注:原文此处似缺大黄,但歌诀及后文提及]
以上七味药,用水一斗二升,煎煮至六升,滤去药渣,再次煎煮。每次温服一升,每日服用三次。另一版本方中,使用大黄二两。
歌诀曰:柴胡八两,枳实四枚,生姜五两。黄芩、芍药各三两,大黄二两。半夏半升,大枣十二枚。这是治疗少阳实证,采用下法的良方。
蔚按(作者自注):凡是太阳之气逆乱而内侵,必须借助少阳的枢转功能才能外出,张仲景称之为柴胡证。但是小柴胡证与这里的大柴胡证有所不同。小柴胡证表现为郁郁微烦,称为心下痞硬,以此作为区别。小柴胡证表现为喜欢呕吐,或者胸中烦闷但不呕吐;而大柴胡证不仅不呕吐,反而呕吐,不仅是喜欢呕吐,而是呕吐不止,以此作为区别。之所以这样,是因为太阳之气不从枢机外出,反而从枢机内入到君主(心/脏腑深处)之分,比小柴胡证的病情更深重。方中使用芍药、黄芩、枳实、大黄,是因为病势向内深入,必须取用苦泄的药物来解除内部的烦急。又使用柴胡、半夏来开启一阴一阳的气机,生姜、大枣来宣发中焦的气机。大概病势虽然已经内入,但病情仍有向外达的趋势,所以制定这个汤剂,仍然借助少阳的枢机让邪气外出,不像承气汤那样单纯上承热气。汪昂认为这是在小柴胡汤和小承气汤基础上的加减组合而成的一方,未免是用庸俗的见解来揣测了。
Treats Taiyang disease (Taiyang syndrome) that has not resolved and has transmitted to Yangming disease (Yangming syndrome), resulting in constipation, heat excess causing mental restlessness, or alternating chills and fever, with a deep and solid pulse. This formula is used to treat it.
Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, half jin) Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, half sheng) Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, three liang) Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, three liang) Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, five liang) Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, four pieces)
The above seven ingredients are boiled in one dou two sheng of water until six sheng remain. The dregs are removed, and the decoction is boiled again. One sheng is taken warm each time, three times a day. Another version uses Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, two liang).
Song says: Eight parts Chaihu, four Zhishi, five Shengjiang. Three parts Huangqin and Shaoyang, two parts Dahuang. Half sheng Banxia, twelve Zao. It is an excellent prescription for purging Shaoyang excess syndromes.
Wei notes: Whenever Qi of Taiyang rebels and invades inward, it must rely on the pivot function of Shaoyang to exit outward. Zhang Zhongjing calls this Chaihu syndrome. However, there is a distinction between Xiao Chaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) syndrome and Da Chaihu Tang syndrome. Xiao Chaihu Tang syndrome presents as slight mental depression and vexation, described as epigastric fullness and hardness, which serves as the differentiation point. Xiao Chaihu Tang syndrome is characterized by a preference for vomiting, or chest vexation without vomiting. In contrast, Da Chaihu Tang syndrome is not only free from vomiting but involves actual vomiting; it is not merely a preference for vomiting but incessant vomiting, which serves as another differentiation point. The reason for this is that Taiyang Qi does not exit via the pivot but instead enters inward through the pivot into the realm of the Sovereign (Heart/Zang-fu), indicating a deeper condition than Xiao Chaihu Tang syndrome. The formula uses Shaoyao, Huangqin, Zhishi, and Dahuang because the pathological trend has moved inward, requiring bitter-draining herbs to resolve internal vexation and urgency. Furthermore, Chaihu and Banxia are used to initiate the Qi of Yin and Yang, while Shengjiang and Zao are used to disseminate the Qi of the Middle Jiao. Although the pathological trend has entered inward, the condition still tends toward outward expression. Therefore, this decoction is formulated to rely on the Shaoyang pivot to expel pathogens outward, unlike Chengqi Tang formulas which simply descend heat. Wang Ang considered this to be a combination derived from modifications of Xiao Chaihu Tang and Xiao Chengqi Tang, which is a vulgar interpretation.