味甘，性寒无毒，不载经络。主咳逆寒热烦满，崩中血闭症瘕，骨节疼痛，四肢不仁，
大热痔 。牡丹杜仲为使，畏贝母菖蒲铁器。
按∶禹余粮，因禹行山中乏食，采此充粮，故以名之，则其无毒可知矣。太乙余粮，本
是一种，今诸家往往分别，惟陈藏器所言者近是。
味苦辛，性大寒有毒，入心脾二经。主六腑积聚燥急，留血闭藏，天行疫痢，伤寒发狂，
停痰作痞，肠风痔漏，推陈致新，解诸石药毒。种种实热，悉可泻除，能坠胎服孕，大黄为
使，恶苦参苦菜女菀，畏麦句姜。
按∶硝石为太阴之精，宜入心家泻火。而脾即其子也，故并入之。丹溪云∶本经言其无
毒，误也！能化七十二种石，岂无毒而然乎？分为六种，气味相同，俱善消化驱逐。但朴硝
力
紧，芒硝马牙硝力缓，硝石风化硝玄明粉，缓而又缓也。以之治病，病退即已。本经称其炼
服补益，岂理也耶？经去∶热淫于内，治以咸寒，佐以苦寒，古方因之，故都用大黄佐芒硝
耳。
雷公云∶凡使先研如粉，以磁瓶子于五斤火中， 令通赤。用鸡肠菜、柏子仁和作一处，
分丸饼子许大，待饼子赤时，投硝石于磁瓶内，其硝石自然伏火。每四两硝石，用鸡肠菜、
柏子仁共十五个，钵子尽为度。
味甘淡，性寒无毒，入胃膀胱二经。主利水道，实大肠，化食毒，行积滞，逐凝血，
解燥渴，导乳汁，补脾胃，降妄火，白腻而无黄砂者佳，甘草石苇为使，曾曾青。
按∶滑石甘，宜于中州，淡宜于利水，胃与膀胱之所由入也。利益虽多，终是走泄之剂，
无甘草以和之，弗宜独用也。
雷公云∶凡使有多般，勿误用之。有白滑石，绿滑石，乌滑石，冷滑石，黄滑石。其白
滑石如方解石，色白，于石上书有白腻纹便是。绿滑石性寒有毒，不可入药中用，乌滑石，
似黑色书石上，有青白腻纹，入用妙也。黄滑石似金颗颗圆，书石上有青及黑色者，勿用，
杀人。冷滑石青苍色，书石上作白腻纹亦勿用。若滑石色似水白青色，书石有腻纹者真。凡
使先以刀刮，研如粉，以牡丹皮同煮一伏时。出去牡丹皮，取滑石，却用东流水淘过，于日
中晒干方用。
禹余粮：味甘，性寒，无毒，未记载归经。主治咳嗽气逆、寒热交替、烦闷胀满，崩漏下血、经闭及腹内结块（症瘕），骨节疼痛，四肢麻木不仁，以及严重的痔疮。以牡丹皮、杜仲为引药，忌与贝母、石菖蒲同用，畏铁器。
按语：禹余粮，因传说大禹在山中行走时缺乏食物，采集此物充饥，因此得名，由此可知其无毒。太乙余粮，原本是同一种药物，如今各家往往将其区分开来，只有陈藏器的说法比较接近事实。
硝石：味苦、辛，性大寒，有毒，入心、脾二经。主治六腑积聚、燥急不安，瘀血留滞、脏腑闭塞，流行性疫病痢疾，伤寒引起的发狂症状，痰饮停滞导致的痞块，肠风痔漏。能推陈出新，解除各种矿物药的毒性。各种实热证候，皆可泻除；能使孕妇堕胎，使不孕者受孕。以大黄为引药，恶苦参、苦菜、女菀，畏麦句姜。
按语：硝石是太阴之精，适宜入心经以泻火。而脾脏是心脏的子脏，所以也并入脾经治疗。丹溪说：“《本经》说它无毒，是错误的！它能化解七十二种石头，难道不是因为有剧毒才能做到吗？”硝石分为六种，气味相同，都善于消化驱逐积滞。但朴硝药力峻猛，芒硝和马牙硝药力较缓，风化硝和玄明粉则更加缓和。用它治病，病愈即止。《本经》称其炼制后服用有补益作用，这哪里合乎道理呢？经文说：“热邪淫盛于体内，用咸寒之品治疗，辅以苦寒之品。”古方因此多用大黄佐助芒硝。
雷公说：凡是使用硝石，先要研磨成粉末，放入磁瓶中，在五斤火的煅烧下，使其通体红透。用鸡肠草、柏子仁混合做成如饼子大小的丸剂，待饼子变红时，将硝石投入磁瓶内，硝石自然会降伏火势。每四两硝石，配合鸡肠草、柏子仁共十五个，直到钵中物质完全变化为止。
滑石：味甘、淡，性寒，无毒，入胃、膀胱二经。主治通利水道，充实大肠，化解食毒，行散积滞，驱除凝血，缓解燥渴，引导乳汁排出，补益脾胃，下降妄动之火。以白腻且无黄砂者为佳，以甘草、石苇为引药，曾青。
按语：滑石味甘，适宜作用于中焦脾胃；味淡，适宜利水，这是进入胃和膀胱的途径。虽然利益很多，但终究是走泄的药剂，没有甘草来调和它，不适合单独使用。
雷公说：凡使用滑石有多种种类，不要误用。有白滑石、绿滑石、乌滑石、冷滑石、黄滑石。其中白滑石像方解石一样，颜色洁白，石面上有白色细腻纹理的就是。绿滑石性寒有毒，不可入药使用；乌滑石，似黑色，石面上有青白色细腻纹理，入药效果很好。黄滑石像金色的颗粒圆润状，石面上有青色及黑色的，不要用，会杀人。冷滑石呈青苍色，石面上有白色细腻纹理的也不要使用。如果滑石颜色像水白青色，石面上有细腻纹理的才是真品。凡是使用滑石，先用刀刮去表面，研磨成粉末，与牡丹皮同煮一个时辰（约两小时）。取出牡丹皮，取滑石，再用东流水淘洗，在阳光下晒干后方可使用。
Yu Yuliang (Halloysitum Rubrum): Sweet in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. Meridian tropism is not recorded. It primarily treats cough with reverse flow of Qi, alternating chills and fever, irritability and fullness, metrorrhagia (uterine bleeding), amenorrhea, and abdominal masses (zheng jia). It also addresses joint pain, numbness of the four limbs, and severe hemorrhoids. Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan) and Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae) serve as guiding herbs. It is incompatible with Bei Mu (Fritillariae Bulbus) and Chang Pu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), and fears ironware.
Note: Yu Yuliang derives its name from the legend that Emperor Yu collected this substance to fill his stomach when he lacked food while traveling through mountains; thus, its non-toxicity is evident. Tai Yi Yu Liang was originally the same substance, but modern practitioners often distinguish them. Chen Cangqi’s description is considered the most accurate.
Xiao Shi (Natrii Nitras): Bitter and acrid in taste, extremely cold in nature, toxic. Enters the Heart and Spleen meridians. It primarily treats accumulations in the six fu organs, dryness and urgency, retained blood and organ closure, epidemic dysentery, mania caused by Shang Han (Cold Damage), phlegm retention leading to epigastric fullness (pi syndrome), intestinal wind, and hemorrhoidal fistulas. It eliminates old pathogenic factors and generates new healthy Qi, and resolves toxicity from various mineral drugs. All types of excess heat can be purged. It can induce abortion or promote conception. Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) serves as a guiding herb. It is adverse to Ku Shen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix), Ku Cai (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba), and Nu Wan (Polygalae Tenuifoliae Radix), and fears Mai Ju Jiang (Asari Radix et Rhizoma cum Terra).
Note: Xiao Shi is the essence of Tai Yin, suitable for entering the Heart meridian to drain fire. Since the Spleen is the child of the Heart, it also enters the Spleen meridian. Danxi stated: "The *Shennong Ben Cao Jing* claims it is non-toxic, which is an error! How could it dissolve seventy-two types of stones without being toxic?" There are six varieties of Xiao Shi with identical flavors and properties, all good at digestion and expulsion. However, Pu Xiao (Mirabilite) has a strong force, Mang Xiao (Glauber's Salt) and Ma Ya Xiao have a milder force, while Feng Hua Xiao (Effloresced Glauber's Salt) and Xuan Ming Fen (Refined Mirabilite) are even milder. When used for treatment, discontinue once the disease recedes. The claim in the *Ben Cao Jing* that refined use provides tonification is illogical. The classic states: "When heat dominates internally, treat with salty-cold agents, assisted by bitter-cold agents." Ancient formulas therefore commonly use Da Huang to assist Mang Xiao.
Leigong said: When preparing, first grind into powder. Place in a porcelain bottle and heat over five jin of fire until red-hot. Mix Ji Chang Cai (Purslane) and Bai Zi Ren (Biota Seed) together, form into small cake-sized pills. When the pills turn red, throw the Xiao Shi into the porcelain bottle; the Xiao Shi will naturally subdue the fire. For every four liang of Xiao Shi, use fifteen units of Ji Chang Cai and Bai Zi Zi combined, until the contents in the mortar are fully transformed.
Hua Shi (Talcum): Sweet and bland in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Stomach and Bladder meridians. It primarily promotes urination, consolidates the Large Intestine, transforms food toxins, moves stagnation, expels coagulated blood, relieves dry thirst, guides lactation, tonifies the Spleen and Stomach, and descends reckless fire. The white, fine-textured variety without yellow sand is superior. Gan Cao (Liquorice Root) and Shi Wei (Pyrrosiae Folium) serve as guiding herbs. Qing Hai (Azurite) is mentioned.
Note: Hua Shi is sweet, suitable for the central region (Spleen/Stomach); it is bland, suitable for promoting water metabolism, which explains its entry into the Stomach and Bladder. Although beneficial, it is ultimately a draining agent. Without Gan Cao to harmonize it, it should not be used alone.
Leigong said: There are many varieties of Hua Shi; do not use them incorrectly. There are White Hua Shi, Green Hua Shi, Black Hua Shi, Cold Hua Shi, and Yellow Hua Shi. White Hua Shi resembles Calcite, is white in color, and is identified by white fine textures on the stone surface. Green Hua Shi is cold in nature and toxic; it must not be used in medicine. Black Hua Shi appears blackish with green-white fine textures on the surface and is excellent for medicinal use. Yellow Hua Shi resembles golden round grains with green and black markings on the surface; do not use it, as it can cause death. Cold Hua Shi is bluish-green with white fine textures on the surface; do not use it. True Hua Shi resembles pale blue-white water color with fine textures on the surface. When preparing, scrape the surface with a knife, grind into powder, and boil together with Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan) for one shichen (two hours). Remove the Mu Dan Pi, take the Hua Shi, wash it with flowing water from the east, and dry it in the sun before use.