麻初呵欠喷嚏嗽。密密无缝痱蚤形。下出上收烦躁渴。毒从脏腑发皮生。麻疹之证
而必红。咳嗽喷嚏鼻流脓。两泪汪汪如哭状。莫作伤寒一样攻。
麻疹若不出。宣毒发表〔汤（见第五条）〕先。咳嗽宜清肺〔汤（见五十条）〕。热多用化斑
〔汤（静远主人方见五十七条）〕。
麻疹未出用荆防（败毒散）。前胡葛根炒牛蒡。赤苓枳壳同连翘。薄荷石膏多用良。
麻疹出甚用（黄）芩（黄）连。知母石膏加元参。麦冬生地（黄）牛蒡子。竹叶骨皮名化斑。（汤）
麻后咳嗽仍不退。清肺散子同竹沥。（黄）芩（贝）母栝蒌（仁）牛蒡子。麦冬防风桑（白皮）地骨。
潮热元参麦门冬。木通知（母）贝（母）桑白皮入。生地（黄）黄芩与（地）骨皮。解热宁心清肺叶。
泄泻三苓〔散（见三十七条）〕或导赤〔散（见二十六条）〕。更将六一散（见六十七条）子对。若变
痢证问香蔻（又名香连丸。见六十三条）。走马牙疳清胃〔散（见七十九条）〕最。
或热、或退、五六日而后出者轻。身有微汗。滋滋润润。气不甚粗。身不焦热。麻出必轻。淡红
滋润。头面匀静而多者轻。透发三日。而渐收者轻。麻已出明白后。而身上皮肤。或青色或红紫色
者。俱无妨。上身热。下体凉。此乃隔热下凉。不妨。
麻疹初起时，患儿会出现呵欠、打喷嚏和咳嗽的症状。皮疹细密如痱子或跳蚤咬痕般分布。皮疹从下部开始发出，向上逐渐消退，伴有烦躁和口渴。这是因为毒邪从脏腑内部发于皮肤表面所致。
麻疹的证候特征必然是皮疹颜色红润，伴有咳嗽、打喷嚏、鼻流脓涕，双眼泪汪汪如同哭泣的样子。切勿将其当作伤寒病来使用同样的攻伐方法治疗。
如果麻疹未能透发出来，应先用宣毒发表汤（见第五条）来宣散毒邪、发表透疹。若伴有咳嗽，宜用清肺汤（见五十条）来清肃肺气。若热象明显，多用化斑汤（静远主人方，见五十七条）来清热凉血解毒。
在麻疹尚未透出时，可使用荆防败毒散。方中包含前胡、葛根、炒牛蒡子、赤茯苓、枳壳、连翘、薄荷和石膏，其中石膏用量宜大，疗效良好。
当麻疹出得较多且严重（或指热毒炽盛）时，使用含有黄芩、黄连的方剂。加入知母、石膏、玄参、麦冬、生地黄、牛蒡子和淡竹叶、牡丹皮，此方名为化斑汤。
麻疹后期咳嗽仍然不缓解，可用清肺散配合竹沥水送服。方中含有黄芩、贝母、瓜蒌仁、牛蒡子、麦冬、防风、桑白皮和地骨皮。
若出现潮热症状，可用玄参、麦门冬、木通、知母、贝母、桑白皮、生地黄、黄芩和地骨皮，这些药物具有解热、宁心、清肺的功效。
若出现泄泻症状，可用三苓散（见三十七条）或导赤散（见二十六条），并配合六一散（见六十七条）同用。如果病情变化转为痢疾证，则询问使用香蔻（又名香连丸，见六十三条）。若并发走马牙疳，使用清胃散（见七十九条）最为适宜。
麻疹颜色红润者预后吉祥。麻疹颜色深红者病情较重。麻疹颜色发黄者病情危急。麻疹颜色发黑者预后不良，主死。
或者发热，或者退热，经过五六日后才发出皮疹的，病情较轻。身体有微微汗出，滋润柔和，呼吸气息不粗重，身体没有焦灼高热感，这样的麻疹发出后必然轻微。皮疹呈淡红色且滋润，头面部均匀安静且数量较多的，病情较轻。皮疹透出三天后逐渐收敛的，病情较轻。
麻疹已经透出且形态清晰明白之后，身上皮肤如果出现青色或红紫色，都无妨碍。上身发热，下身凉爽，这是热气隔绝于上而下面凉爽的表现，无妨。
At the initial stage of measles, the patient exhibits yawning, sneezing, and coughing. The rash appears densely distributed, resembling miliaria or flea bites. The eruption starts from the lower body and moves upward, accompanied by restlessness and thirst. This occurs because the pathogenic toxin originates from the internal Zang-Fu organs and manifests on the skin surface.
The characteristic signs of measles include a reddish rash, coughing, sneezing, purulent nasal discharge, and eyes filled with tears resembling a crying state. It must not be treated with the same attacking methods used for Shanghan (Cold Damage disease).
If the measles fail to erupt, Xuan Du Fa Biao Tang (Dispelling Toxin and Releasing the Exterior Decoction; see Article 5) should be administered first to disperse the toxin and promote eruption. If cough is present, Qing Fei Tang (Clearing the Lung Decoction; see Article 50) is suitable to clear the lung qi. If heat signs are prominent, Hua Ban Tang (Transforming Macules Decoction; formula by Jingyuan Zhuren, see Article 57) should be used in larger doses to clear heat and cool the blood.
When measles have not yet erupted, Jing Fang Bai Du San (Atractylodes and Saposhnikovia Decoction to Overcome Pathogens) can be used. The formula contains Qian Hu (Peucedani Radix), Ge Gen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Chao Niu Bang Zi (Fried Arctii Fructus), Chi Ling Shen (Polyporus with Red Mycelium), Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus), Lian Qiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Bo He (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), and Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum), with a high dosage of Shi Gao being beneficial.
When measles are severe or heat-toxin is intense, formulas containing Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) and Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma) are used. Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Yuan Shen (Scrophulariae Radix), Mai Dong (Ophiopogonis Tuber), Sheng Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), Niu Bang Zi (Arctii Fructus), Zhu Ye (Bambusae Folium), and Mu Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex) are added. This formula is named Hua Ban Tang (Transforming Macules Decoction).
If cough persists after the measles have erupted, Qing Fei San (Clearing the Lung Powder) combined with Zhu Li (Bambusae Succus) can be used. The ingredients include Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Bei Mu (Fritillariae Bulbus), Gua Lou Ren (Trichosanthis Semen), Niu Bang Zi (Arctii Fructus), Mai Dong (Ophiopogonis Tuber), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Sang Bai Pi (Mori Cortex), and Di Gu Pi (Lycii Cortex).
If tidal fever occurs, Yuan Shen (Scrophulariae Radix), Men Dong (Ophiopogonis Tuber), Mu Tong (Akebiae Caulis), Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Bei Mu (Fritillariae Bulbus), Sang Bai Pi (Mori Cortex), Sheng Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), and Di Gu Pi (Lycii Cortex) can be used. These herbs possess the functions of clearing heat, calming the mind, and purifying the lungs.
If diarrhea occurs, San Ling San (Three Poria Powders; see Article 37) or Dao Chi San (Guiding Out the Red Powder; see Article 26) can be used, combined with Liu Yi San (Six-to-One Powder; see Article 67). If the condition changes into dysentery, Xiang Kou (also known as Xiang Lian Wan; see Article 63) should be consulted. For Gangrenous Stomatitis (Zou Ma Ya Gan), Qing Wei San (Clearing the Stomach Powder; see Article 79) is most appropriate.
Measles with a red color indicate a auspicious prognosis. Measles with a dark red color indicate severe illness. Measles with a yellow color indicate critical danger. Measles with a black color indicate death.
If there is alternating fever and defervescence, or if the rash erupts after five to six days, the condition is mild. The body has slight sweating, feels moist and nourished, breathing is not coarse, and the body is not scorched hot. Such mild measles will be light in severity. A pale red and moist rash that is evenly distributed on the head and face, appearing calm and abundant, indicates a mild condition. Rash that emerges over three days and then gradually recedes indicates a mild condition.
After the measles have fully erupted and their appearance is clear, if the skin on the body turns cyanotic or dark red-purple, it is harmless. Heat in the upper body and coolness in the lower body indicate that heat is isolated above while the lower part remains cool; this is also harmless.